scholarly journals Gross Domestic Product and Health Expenditure Growth in Balkan and East European Countries—Three-Decade Horizon

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Stepovic ◽  
Nemanja Rancic ◽  
Berislav Vekic ◽  
Viktorija Dragojevic-Simic ◽  
Stefan Vekic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
East European ◽  
Expenditure Growth

scholarly journals An Association of Total Health Expenditure with GDP and Life Expectancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. AU7-AU12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Naznin Hossain ◽  
Varshil Mehta ◽  
Shuchita Sharmin ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Ibne Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Individual Level

Introduction: Gradual  total health expenditure (THE) has become a major concern. It is not only the increased THE, but also its unequal growth in  overall economy, found among the developing countries. If increased life expectancy is considered as a leverage for an individual’s investment in health services, it can be  expected that as the life expectancy increases, tendency of health care investment will also experience a boost up. Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore and identify the association of healthcare expenditure with the life expectancy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries, especially that of Bangladesh. Methodology: Data were retrospectively collected from “Health Bulletin 2011” and “Sample Vital Registration System 2010” of Bangladesh considering the fiscal year 1996 to fiscal year 2006. Using STATA, multivariable logistic regression was performed to find out the association of total health expenditure with GDP and life expectancy. Results: A direct relationship between GDP and total health expenditure was found through analysing the data. At the individual level, income  had a direct influence on health spending. However, there was no significant relationship between total health expenditure with increased life expectancy. Conclusion: The present study did not find any association between life expectancy and total health expenditure. However, our analysis found out that total health expenditure is more sensitive to gross domestic product rather than life expectancy.

ASSESSMENT OF THE TRANSPORT INTENSITY OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Leszek MINDUR ◽  
Maciej MINDUR
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Polynomial Curves ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
National Economies

The excessive increase in transport intensity is one of the negative impacts on the economy. The costs borne due to transport activities are indirectly expressed by the volume of carriages (in tons) and by the scope of transport activity (in ton-kilometers). The result of social and economic activities are global product values and national incomes. This article shows the research on transport activity expressed through transport activity (in ton-kilometers) for all means of transport in total, the results of social and economic activities expressed using the gross domestic product, as well as shaping transport intensity of national economies in selected European countries. The analysis of the course of the exponential function curves, as well as polynomial curves has been carried out, and conclusions have been formulated on their bases.

scholarly journals Haemorrhage of gross domestic product from disability-adjusted-life-years among 15-59 year olds in Kenya

10.3823/2561 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joses Muthuri Kirigia ◽  
Germano Mwiga Mwabu
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Per Capita

Background: This article estimates non-health gross domestic product (GDP) losses associated with Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost among 15-59 year olds (most productive age bracket) in Kenya in 2015. Methods: This study employs the lost output or human capital approach (HCA) to convert the DALYs lost from all causes into their monetary equivalents. The magnitude economic haemorrhage from each disease was obtained by multiplying the per capita non-health GDP in International Dollars by the total number of DALYs lost in a specific age group (15-29 years, 30-49 years, 50-59 years). Per capita non-health GDP equals per capita GDP minus total health expenditure in 2015. Data on DALYs and per capita total health expenditure were obtained from the World Health Organization and per capita GDP data was from IMF databases. Results: Kenya lost 9,405,184 DALYs among 15-59 years olds in 2015. That DALY loss caused a haemorrhage in GDP of Int$ 29,788,392,419. Approximately 48.6% of the GDP haemorrhage resulted from communicable diseases and nutritional conditions, 37.4% from non-communicable diseases, and 14.0% from injuries. Conclusion: There is need to augment domestic and external investments into national health systems and other systems that meet basic needs (education, food, water, sanitation, shelter) to reduce disease burden. Key words: Non-health GDP, economic haemorrhage, disability-adjusted life year (DALY)

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS ON COMMERCIAL BANK PROFITABILITY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

TEME ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Branimir M. Kalaš ◽  
Vera Mirović ◽  
Nada Milenković ◽  
Jelena Andrašić
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Real Interest Rate ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables on bank profitability indicators in Central and Southeastern European countries (CESE). The research sample includes 13 countries of CESE countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia and Slovenia, for the period 2008-2015. The core idea is to empirically evaluate the impact of the main macro indicators, such as gross domestic product, inflation and the real interest rate on bank profitability and their potential relationship. The subject of this paper applies a two-step model: model 1 includes return on asset (ROA), while model 2 includes return on equity (ROE) as the dependent variable. On the other hand, independent variables are gross domestic product (GDP), inflation (INF) and real interest rate (RIR). The results of the panel study indicate that there is a significant effect of GDP and INF on bank profitability indicators in selected countries. Namely, the 1% increase in GDP and INF rise ROA for 0.47% and 0.48%, where inflation has a greater influence on ROA and ROE compared to GDP. The results of the random effect model show that the 1% increase in GDP and INF raise ROE for 0.49% and 0.42%. Likewise, real interest rate has no significant effect on ROA and ROE in selected countries. Based on empirical findings, policymakers should focus on rapid economic growth with controlled inflation that will enhance bank profitability in Central and Southeastern European countries.

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