scholarly journals Cross-State Differences in the Processes Generating Black–White Disparities in Neonatal Mortality

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Sosnaud
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Social ◽  
Weight Distributions ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Birth Weight Distribution

Abstract The U.S. Black neonatal mortality rate is more than twice the White rate. This dramatic disparity can be decomposed into two components: (1) disparities due to differences in the distribution of birth weights, and (2) disparities due to differences in birth weight–specific mortality. I utilize this distinction to explore how the social context into which infants are born contributes to gaps in mortality between Black and White neonates. I analyze variation in Black–White differences in neonatal mortality across 33 states using 1995–2010 data. For each state, I calculate the contribution of differences in birth weight distribution versus differences in birth weight–specific mortality to the total disparity in mortality between White and Black neonates. Disparities are largely a product of different birth weight distributions between Black and White newborns (mirroring the pattern for the United States as a whole). However, in at least nine states, differences in birth weight–specific mortality make a notable contribution. This pattern is observed even among those from advantaged sociodemographic backgrounds and is driven by differences in mortality among very low birth weight neonates. This calls attention to inequality in medical care at birth as an importantcontributor to racial disparities in neonatal mortality.

scholarly journals Neonatal audit in the United Arab Emirates: a country with a rapidly developing economy

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dawodu ◽  
E Varady ◽  
M. Verghese ◽  
L. l. Al Gazali
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Specific Mortality

We aimed to determine whether birth-weight-specific mortality rates and causes of neonatal death could identify interventions needed to reduce neonatal mortality rates. Data were collected from three hospitals responsible for 99% of births in Al-Ain Medical District. There were 8083 live births weighing >/= 500 g, of which 54 [0.67%] died. The mortality rate among very low-birth-weight infants was higher in this district than from centres with more advanced neonatal technology and resources. Problems of preterm births, lethal malformations and asphyxia accounted for 95% of deaths and half of the malformations were autosomal recessive syndromes. Improved management of lower-birth-weight infants, asphyxia and genetic counselling could lead to a further decline in neonatal mortality rates

Socioeconomic Differentials and Neonatal Mortality: Racial Comparison of California Singletons

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Jeffrey B. Gould ◽  
Becky Davey ◽  
Susan LeRoy
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Median Family Income ◽  
Socioeconomic Differentials ◽  
Zip Code ◽  
Birth Weight Distribution

The median family income of the zip code of maternal residence was used to estimate the presence and determine the extent of socioeconomic differentials in the neonatal mortality rates of a cohort of 401,399 white and of 66,577 black Californian singletons born from 1982 to 1983. The neonatal mortality rate in the white infants increased from 3.99 in mothers residing in zip codes with a median family income >$25,000 to 12.1 for mothers residing in zip codes with a median family income <$11,000. With decreasing socioeconomic status there was also a significant increase in the percentage of white infants weighing less than 2,500 g (percentage of low birth weight increased from 3.75 to 8.33) and weighing less than 1,500 g (percentage of very low birth weight increased from 0.56 to 1.46). When the source of the socioeconomic difference in white neonatal mortality was partitioned, 77.4% was due to deterioration in the birth weight distribution and 22.6% to deterioration in birth weight-specific mortality rates. For the black cohort, the neonatal mortality rate increased from 5.9 in the most, to 9.0 in the least affluent strata. Although decreasing residential median family income was associated with an increase in the percent low birth weight (8.19 v 12.86), the percentage of very low birth weight was not significantly different (1.59 v 2.10). When the source of the differential in black neonatal mortality was partitioned, only 29% was due to deterioration of the birth weight distribution, whereas 71% was secondary to less favorable birth weight-specific mortality rates. These findings support the usefulness of zip code median family income to estimate socioeconomic differentials in neonatal mortality and justify the importance of California's statewide program to decrease low birth weight.

Decline in Neonatal Mortality, 1968 to 1977: Better Babies or Better Care?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
Richard J. David ◽  
Earl Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
White Population ◽  
Risk Matrix ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

A state's declining neonatal mortality rate was studied over the decade 1968 to 1977 to determine how much of the decrease resulted from improved risk characteristics in the newborn population. A shift was found over time, mostly among white births, toward higher birth weights and longer gestations. Overall, there was a 19% reduction in the low-birth-weight rate. Considerable improvement in birth weight-specific mortality was also found, especially in babies weighing 1,000 to 2,500 g during the last 5 years of the study. A neonatal risk matrix model was applied to the changes over time to separate the improvement due to shifts in population risk characteristics from that due to better care of the newborn. Thirty-four percent of the decade's decrease in NMR was attributable to changes in the birth weight and gestational age makeup of the newborn population. This "better babies" component was more prominent early in the decade and among the white population.

Leminorella sepsis in very low birth weight neonate as cause of neonatal mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Ankur Patel ◽  
Priyanka Soni ◽  
Sweta Shastri ◽  
Ravinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Weight Neonate

IMPACT OF NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-215
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Total Reduction ◽  
Weight Groups

Neonates who weighed > 1.5 kg at birth were the major contributors to the overall reduction in the neonatal mortality rate (NMR); approximately two thirds of total reduction in the NMR between 1960 and 1980 and 52.6% of the total reduction between 1980 and 1986 occurred in the > 1.5-kg birth weight groups.

Low Birth Weight, Vital Records, and Infant Mortality

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1143-1145
Author(s):  
MYRON E. WEGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Almost All

About one tenth of all infant deaths occur in babies weighing less than 500 g at birth, almost all of whom die very shortly thereafter. In 1983, when the United States reported 3,638,933 live births, 4,368 of them were less than 500 g; that year there were 26,507 neonatal deaths. This means that slightly more than 0.1% of all live births contributed to 17% of neonatal mortality. Given this order of magnitude, any change in the numbers relating to these tiny babies can have a disproportionate influence on reported infant mortality and on interstate comparisons. Two questions promptly arise. How accurate and meaningful are the data regarding babies born weighing less than 500 g? What can be done to decrease the deaths in this category? Wilson et al1 call attention to how the number of very low birth weight infants reported by a state may be affected by the state's definition of a live birth.

Will Neonatology Vanish in 1995?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
EMILE PAPIERNIK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

In Reply.— The interest of neonatologists in preventing preterm deliveries is remarkable in the United States. In France, where a policy of prevention was developed nationally in 1971, the first impulse also came from the neonatologists and specifically Alex Minkowski, who challenged the obstetricians to propose a real prevention program. The results of this program have now been published.1 incidence of very low birth weight infants in France in 1972 was 0.8 and in 1981 0.4.2

scholarly journals Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Mugnier ◽  
Sylvie Chastant-Maillard ◽  
Hanna Mila ◽  
Faouzi Lyazrhi ◽  
Florine Guiraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Operating Characteristics

Abstract Background Neonatal mortality (over the first three weeks of life) is a major concern in canine breeding facilities as an economic and welfare issue. Since low birth weight (LBW) dramatically increases the risk of neonatal death, the risk factors of occurrence need to be identified together with the chances and determinants of survival of newborns at-risk. Results Data from 4971 puppies from 10 breeds were analysed. Two birth weight thresholds regarding the risk of neonatal mortality were identified by breed, using respectively Receiver Operating Characteristics and Classification and Regression Tree method. Puppies were qualified as LBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) when their birth weight value was respectively between the two thresholds and lower than the two thresholds. Mortality rates were 4.2, 8.8 and 55.3%, in the normal, LBW and VLBW groups, accounting for 48.7, 47.9 and 3.4% of the included puppies, respectively. A separate binary logistic regression approach allowed to identify breed, gender and litter size as determinants of LBW. The increase in litter size and being a female were associated with a higher risk for LBW. Survival for LBW puppies was reduced in litters with at least one stillborn, compared to litters with no stillborn, and was also reduced when the dam was more than 6 years old. Concerning VLBW puppies, occurrence and survival were influenced by litter size. Surprisingly, the decrease in litter size was a risk factor for VLBW and also reduced their survival. The results of this study suggest that VLBW and LBW puppies are two distinct populations. Moreover, it indicates that events and factors affecting intrauterine growth (leading to birth weight reduction) also affect their ability to adapt to extrauterine life. Conclusion These findings could help veterinarians and breeders to improve the management of their facility and more specifically of LBW puppies. Possible recommendations would be to only select for reproduction dams of optimal age and to pay particular attention to LBW puppies born in small litters. Further studies are required to understand the origin of LBW in dogs.

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