Disease Burden of Neonatal Care Unit at Al-Bayda Medical Center Al-Bayda Libya

This research was conducted to determine the number, disease pattern, and outcome of the patients admitted at the Neonatal Care Unit (NCU) at Al-Bayda medical center (AMC) in Libya. A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on all neonates admitted to the NCU between January 2008 and December 2008. The collected data include age, gender, mode and site of delivery, number of gestations, maturity, duration of stay, cause of admission, and outcome. Total infants delivered were 10075, 620 (6.1%) of them were admitted to NCU with a (6.15%) admission rate, 56.5% were male and 43.5% were female, of whom 613 (98.9%) were inborn and 519 (83.7%) were term neonates; 523 (84.4%) of total born were by normal vaginal delivery (NVD). 48.7% of total admissions occurred during the first 24 hours of life. The average length of hospital stay for term births was 5.6 days (SD 5.4) and for preterm 8.7 days (SD 8.55). The common causes of admission were neonatal jaundice (29.3%), followed by neonatal infections (17.6%) were prematurity accounts for (16.3%), and respiratory distress (11.1%). The majority of the admitted neonates improved and were discharged 517 (83.4%), 37(6%) left against medical advice (LAMA) and nineteen (3%) were referred to other specialized hospitals for further management. The neonatal mortality rate was 0.4%, and the overall hospital neonatal mortality rate was 7.6%. According to the cause-specific death rate analysis, prematurity was the most common cause of death (29.8%), followed by sepsis (17%) and birth asphyxia (12.8%). In conclusion, neonatal jaundice, infection, and prematurity complications were the leading causes of morbidity in neonates. The case-fatality rate was high for prematurity, sepsis, and birth asphyxia. Most of these etiologies are preventable to some extent by regular prenatal visits, healthy delivery practices, and timely referral to hospitals which can reduce NCU burden and improve outcomes

Modelling Neonatal Mortality Rate in Nigeria Using a Continuous Poisson-Lindley Distribution

Nigeria’s effort to reduce under-five mortality has been biased in favour of childhood mortality to the neglect of neonates and as such the literature is short of adequate information on the determinants of neonatal mortality, whereas studies have shown that about half of infant deaths occur in the neonatal period. Knowledge of the determinants of neonatal mortality is essential for the design of intervention programmes that will enhance neonatal survival. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the trends in neonatal mortality in Nigeria. It also proposed a Poisson based continuous probability distribution called Poisson-Lindley distribution to neonatal mortality rate in Nigeria. Some properties of the new model and other relevant measures were obtained. The unknown parameters of the model were also estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The fitness of the proposed model to the neonatal mortality rate was considered using a dataset on neonatal mortality rate from 1967 to 2019.

Prediction of neonatal and maternal index based on development and population indicators: a global ecological study

Introduction: Although worldwide maternal and neonatal mortalities have decreased, but Achieving sustainable development goals remains an unfinished agenda and global challenge. This study aimed to predict neonatal and maternal index based on development and demographic indicators. Methods: In this ecologic study, the dependent variables were Maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Neonatal mortality rate (NMR), and Under 5 Mortality Rate (U5MR) and the independent variables were Gender gap index (GGI) and its four components, human development, life expectancy, total fertility rate, and population growth. Data conducted using international secondary data published data bases of health metrics from 2016 to 2018 in 149 countries from WHO (World Health Organization), World Economic Forum, UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). Data analysis was performed using correlation model in Stata version 14.1 software. Results: In this study, economic participation and total fertility rate are positively and educational attainment, Human Capital Index and life expectancy are negatively associated with MMR. Human Capital Index, Educational attainment, and Life expectancy are negatively associated with NMR. Economic participation and total fertility rate are positively and educational attainment, Human Capital Index and life expectancy are negatively associated with U5MR. Discussion: To reduce the maternal and neonatal mortality rate, it is important to pay attention to indirect causes such as equal conditions for men and women to demographic and population indices such as economic participation, educational attainment, Human Capital Index and life expectancy.

Hubungan Antara Tempat Melahirkan Dengan Angka Kematian Neonatal di RSUD Dr. H. Abdoel Moeloek Provinsi Lampung

ABSTRACT: THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLACE OF BIRTH WITH NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE IN RSUD DR. H. ABDOEL MOELOEK, LAMPUNG PROVINCE Background: Risk factors for infant mortality are associated with factors from infant, mother, and pregnancy. One of the factors from the mother that can cause neonatal death is the place of delivery. The better the place for a person to deliver labor, the better the success rate of labor. This is because, in a good place of delivery, such as delivery in a hospital, there are specialist health personnel such as obstetrics-gynecologists and pediatricians, as well as supporting facilities such as qualified health facilities. Objective: To determine the relationship between place of delivery and neonatal mortality at Abdul Moeloek Regional Hospital in 2020. Methodology: The type of research used in this research is quantitative. The sample used in this study were neoanthic patients at Abdul Moeloek Hospital in 2020. Data analysis used Chi-Square analysis. Results: Based on the comparative test conducted, the p-value was 0,000 (p-value <0.005). Conclusion: This means that there is a significant relationship between place of delivery and neonatal mortality. Keywords: Place of birth, death, neonatal INTISARI: HUBUNGAN ANTARA TEMPAT MELAHIRKAN DENGAN ANGKA KEMATIAN NEONATAL DI RSUD DR. H. ABDOEL MOELOEK PROVINSI LAMPUNG Latar Belakang: Faktor-faktor risiko kematian bayi dikaitkan dengan faktor dari bayi, ibu, dan kehamilan. Faktor dari ibu yang dapat menyebabkan kematian neonatus salah satunya adalah tempat persalinan. Semakin baik tempat seseorang melakukan persalinan, semakin baik pula tingkat kesuksesan persalinan tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan pada tempat persalinan yang baik, seperti persalinan di rumah sakit, terdapat tenaga kesehatan spesialis seperti dokter obstetri-ginekologi dan dokter anak, serta sarana pendukung seperti fasilitas kesehatan yang mumpuni.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tempat melahirkan dengan kematian neonates di RSUD Abdul Moeloek tahun 2020.Metodologi: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah pasien neoantus di RSUD Abdul Moeloek tahun 2020. Analisa data menggunakan analisis Chi-Square.Hasil: Berdasarkan uji komparatif yang dilakukan, didapatkan p-value sebesar 0,000 (p-value <0,005).Kesimpulan: Hal ini berarti bahwasannya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tempat melahirkan dengan angka kematian neonatal. Kata Kunci : Tempat melahirkan, kematian, neonates.

Neonatal Mortality is Modulated by Gestational Age, Birthweight and Fetal Heart Rate Abnormalities in the Low Resource Setting in Tanzania – a Five Year Review 2015-2019

Background Neonatal mortality (NM) remains a significant problem in low resource settings. Birth asphyxia (BA) and prematurity contribute significantly to NM. The study objectives were to determine first, the overall NM as well as yearly neonatal mortality rate from 2015 to 2019. Second, the impact of decreasing GA (<37 weeks) and BW (<2500 grams) on NM. Third, the contribution of intrapartum and delivery room (DR) factors and in particular fetal heart rate abnormalities (FHRT) on NM <7 days. Methods Retrospective cohort study. Labor and delivery room data were obtained from 2015 to 2019 and included BW, GA, fetal heart rate (FHRT) abnormalities, bag mask ventilation (BMV) during resuscitation, initial temperature, antenatal steroids use. Outcome was binary i.e. either death < 7 days or survival. Analysis included t tests, odds ratios (OR) and multiple logistic regression Results The overall neonatal mortality rate was 18/1000 livebirths over the five years. NM was significantly higher for newborns <37 versus ≥37 weeks, OR 10.5 (p<0.0001) and BW <2500 versus ≥2500g OR 9.9 (p<0.0001). For infants <1000g / <28 weeks, the neonatal mortality rate was ~ 588/1000 livebirths. Variables associated with NM included BW - odds of death decreased by 0.55 for every 500g increase in weight, by 0.89 for every week increase in GA, NM increased 6.8-fold with BMV, 2.6-fold with abnormal FHRT, 2.2 fold with no antenatal corticosteroid (ACS), 2.6-fold with moderate hypothermia (all <0.0001). Conclusion NM rates was predominantly modulated by decreasing BW and GA, with smaller/ less mature newborns 10-fold more likely to die. NM in term newborns is strongly associated with FHRT abnormalities and when coupled with respiratory depression suggests BA. In smaller newborns, lack of ACS and moderate hypothermia were additional contributing factors. A composite perinatal approach is essential to achieve a sustained reduction in NM.

Neonatal mortality in dogs in a veterinary hospital in Brazil

Neonatology (the study of newborns) remains a little-explored specialty in medical clinics treating dogs. Therefore, neonatal mortality in dogs is high, and there is a lack of data on the subject in Brazil. The objective of this study was to record the neonatal mortality rate in dogs being treated at a Teaching Veterinary Hospital. We analyzed 69 (35 female and 34 male) newborn puppies born to 17 female dogs. The majority of the female dogs (94%; 16/17) and had dystocic parturition. Of the 69 puppies, only 30 (43.47%) survived the first 24 hours after birth. Based on these numbers, the neonatal mortality was considerably high at 56.52% (39/69), probably due to hypoxia that is known to be common in neonates with dystocic births. Given the above, it is concluded that assisted reproduction and prenatal examinations should be encouraged to reduce neonatal mortality in dogs.

THE EFFECT OF KANGAROO METHOD ON IMPROVEMENT BODY WEIGHT ON LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

Background: In Indonesia the Neonatal mortality rate was 15 infants per 1000 births and in Surabaya in 2018 LBW deaths were 50 per 1000 live births, while in Haji General Hospital the LBW deaths were 12 babies in 1 year. Kangaroo care was the most effective way to meet the basic needs of LBW. Babies with 1500-2500 grams body weight either due to prematurity or small pregnancy period will lose weight ranging from 10-15% in 7 days of life. To overcome the problem Kangaroo care method4 component aims to promote weight loss, maintain body temperature remains stable and facilitate breastfeeding Methods: The method of this study was observational analytic with the design of the study cohort. Total sample of 40 LBW with sampling techniques using Sequential Sampling in the period August-October period 2019. Variabel was free kangaroo care method given 1-2 times a day with a duration of more than 120 minutes. The dependent variable was increased in body weight carried out 3x the measurement. Results: The results of the study using paired T test showed an increase in body weight, namely 1) the first measurement of 31.82 grams for 3 days with p = 0.037, 2) the second measurement increased by 227.15 for 7 days, with p = 0,000, 3) the third measurement was 258.97 with p = 0,000. The conclusion: of the studied, that there were a significant difference between the kangaroo method treatments for weight gain in LBW in the NICU Room Haji Hospital Surabaya

Cross-State Differences in the Processes Generating Black–White Disparities in Neonatal Mortality

The U.S. Black neonatal mortality rate is more than twice the White rate. This dramatic disparity can be decomposed into two components: (1) disparities due to differences in the distribution of birth weights, and (2) disparities due to differences in birth weight–specific mortality. I utilize this distinction to explore how the social context into which infants are born contributes to gaps in mortality between Black and White neonates. I analyze variation in Black–White differences in neonatal mortality across 33 states using 1995–2010 data. For each state, I calculate the contribution of differences in birth weight distribution versus differences in birth weight–specific mortality to the total disparity in mortality between White and Black neonates. Disparities are largely a product of different birth weight distributions between Black and White newborns (mirroring the pattern for the United States as a whole). However, in at least nine states, differences in birth weight–specific mortality make a notable contribution. This pattern is observed even among those from advantaged sociodemographic backgrounds and is driven by differences in mortality among very low birth weight neonates. This calls attention to inequality in medical care at birth as an importantcontributor to racial disparities in neonatal mortality.

The Relationship between Birth Weight and Neonatal Sepsis Incidence: Literature Review

Neonatal sepsis contributes as much as 75% in increasing the neonatal mortality rate that occurs first week of birth. Neonatal sepsis is characterized by entry of bacteria in the blood that can be life-threatening. Process of neonatal sepsis can occur very quickly, if not treated with adequate treatment, death can occur within 24-48 hours. Neonatal sepsis is affected by infant factors like low birth weight (LBW). LBW in neonates can be easily infected due to immature immune formation. The study used literature review methods. Literature sourced from five databases: Biomed Central, Plus One, Pubmed, Proquest and Science Direct. Search with PICOS framework 15 journals used to analyze and obtained. Results showed the incidence of neonatal sepsis with the percentage incidence of sepsis at 16.9%-77.8%. LBW is risk of developing sepsis with the highest percentage compared to other birth weight classifications. Majority of journals stated there was a significant relationship between birth weight and neonatal sepsis (p value: 0,0131-0,001). Nurses play a role in conducting assessment begin ranging from pregnant to the birth and give a comprehensive nursing care earlier for birth babies less than 2.500 gram. It's effort decrease incidence of neonatal sepsis.

Determination of neonatal case-specific fatality rates in a tertiary health institution in North Central Nigeria

Background The current neonatal mortality rate in Nigeria (37/1000) is among the highest in the world and the major causes have consistently been reported as sepsis, perinatal asphyxia and prematurity. However, case-specific fatality which defines the risk of dying from these and other neonatal morbidities is rarely emphasized. Determination of case-specific fatality rates (CSFR) may inform a change in our current approach to neonatal care interventions which may eventually bring about the much-needed reduction in our neonatal mortality rate. Our aim was to determine the case-specific fatality rates for the common causes of mortality among hospitalized neonates at the National Hospital Abuja (NHA). Methods Relevant demographic and clinical data on all neonates admitted into the NICU at the NHA over a period of 13 months (January 2017 to February 2018) were extracted from the Neonatal Registry database and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods with the SPSS version 20 software. The case-specific fatality rates were computed for the predominant morbidities in addition to determination of the neonatal mortality rates and associated risk factors. Results and conclusion A total of 730 neonates were admitted, out of which 391 (53.6%) were females, 396 (54.5%) were inborn and 396 (54.2%) were term. The three most prevalent morbidities were prematurity 272(37.2%), neonatal Jaundice 208(28.4%) and perinatal asphyxia 91(12.5%) while the most common causes of mortality were prematurity 47/113(41.6%), congenital malformations 27/113(23.9%) and perinatal asphyxia 26/113(23%). Congenital malformations had the highest case-specific fatality 27/83(32.5%) followed by Perinatal Asphyxia 26/91(28.6%) and prematurity 47/272(20.7%). The mortality pattern differed between inborn and out born babies. Implications of these case-specific fatality rates for targeted interventions are discussed.