SPINAL INTRAMEDULLARY HISTOPLASMOSIS AS THE INITIAL PRESENTATION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION

Neurosurgery ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. E1146-E1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Manning ◽  
Donald Born ◽  
Trent L. Tredway
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Initial Manifestation ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Identification ◽  
Progressive Paraparesis

Abstract OBJECTIVE Spinal intramedullary histoplasmosis is an extremely rare condition. We report a case of isolated intramedullary histoplasmosis as the initial manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 27-year-old man presented with a rapidly progressive paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging scans revealed an enhancing lesion at C7–T1 with edema extending as far as the cervicomedullary junction. He improved with steroid medications. INTERVENTION The patient underwent laminectomy and biopsy of the lesion. The diagnosis of histoplasmosis was made by histology, culture, and polymerase chain reaction identification of fungal deoxyribonucleic acid. The patient did not have disseminated histoplasmosis. Subsequent to the biopsy, the patient was discovered to have HIV infection. CONCLUSION The isolated spinal histoplasmosis lesion thus represented the initial presentation of HIV infection. Management of the case and diagnostic issues are discussed.

scholarly journals Massive Release of CD9+ Microvesicles in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Regardless of Virologic Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Poveda ◽  
Andrés Tabernilla ◽  
Wendy Fitzgerald ◽  
Ángel Salgado-Barreira ◽  
Marta Grandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Elite Controllers ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Mitochondrial Density ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virologic Control ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis is unknown. We examine the cellular origin of plasma microvesicles (MVs), a type of ectocytosis-derived EV, the presence of mitochondria in MVs, and their relationship to circulating cell-free mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (ccf-mtDNA) in HIV-infected patients and controls. Methods Five participant groups were defined: 30 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive; 30 ART-treated with nondetectable viremia; 30 elite controllers; 30 viremic controllers; and 30 HIV-uninfected controls. Microvesicles were quantified and characterized from plasma samples by flow cytometry. MitoTrackerDeepRed identified MVs containing mitochondria and ccf-mtDNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Microvesicle numbers were expanded at least 10-fold in all HIV-infected groups compared with controls. More than 79% were platelet-derived MVs. Proportions of MVs containing mitochondria (22.3% vs 41.6%) and MV mitochondrial density (706 vs 1346) were significantly lower among HIV-infected subjects than controls, lowest levels for those on ART. Microvesicle numbers correlated with ccf-mtDNA levels that were higher among HIV-infected patients. Conclusions A massive release of platelet-derived MVs occurs during HIV infection. Some MVs contain mitochondria, but their proportion and mitochondrial densities were lower in HIV infection than in controls. Platelet-derived MVs may be biomarkers of platelet activation, possibly reflecting pathogenesis even in absence of HIV replication.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Ryan ◽  
Edward Connor ◽  
Anthony Minnefor ◽  
Frank Desposito ◽  
James Oleske
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Low Free Testosterone Levels in Japanese Men with Well-controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-386
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yoshino ◽  
Ichiro Koga ◽  
Yoshitaka Wakabayashi ◽  
Takatoshi Kitazawa ◽  
Yasuo Ota
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. Objective: To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurate indicator. We also determined the relationship between age and fTST levels and identified risk factors for hypogonadism in men with HIV infection. Method: We retrospectively reviewed fTST levels and associated clinical factors in 71 wellcontrolled HIV-infected men who were treated at Teikyo University Hospital between April 2015 and March 2016 and who had data available on serum fTST levels, measured >6 months after starting antiretroviral therapy. fTST was measured using radioimmunoassay on blood samples collected in the morning. Risk factors for hypogonadism were identified using Welch’s t-test and multiple regression analysis. Results: The men had a mean (± standard deviation) age of 47.4 ± 13.6 years, and mean (± standard deviation) serum fTST level of 13.0 ± 6.1 pg/mL. Fifteen (21.1%) men had hypogonadism based on a fTST <8.5 pg/mL. Serum fTST levels significantly decreased with age (−0.216 pg/mL/year). Older age and low hemoglobin levels were identified as risk factors for hypogonadism. Conclusion: The men in the study experienced a more rapid decline in fTST levels with age than men in the general population (−0.161 pg/mL/year). Serum fTST levels in men with HIV infection should be monitored, especially in older men and those with low hemoglobin levels.

scholarly journals FRI0435 THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM AUTOANTIBODIES AND HLA-B27 MOLECULE TESTING IN UYGUR PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 815.3-815
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
X. Wu ◽  
C. N. Luo ◽  
Y. M. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Hla B27 ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Rheumatic Manifestations ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Positive Rate

Background:AIDS is a deadly infectious disease caused by the HIV. When HIV infects a host, it may induce production of autoantibodies due to the structural antigen similarity between viral proteins and selfantigens.The molecular mimicry between HIV protein and self-antigens could cause antibody cross-reactions and lead to development of autoimmune disease.Objectives:To explore the clinical value of serum autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27) molecular testing in Uygur patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Methods:A total of 727 HIV-infected Uygur patients who visited Kuche Infectious Diseases Hospital during May 2016 to March 2017 were include in this study. The other 390 healthy people were enrolled as controls. Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and ANA Profile, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody, and HLA-B27 molecule were tested.Results:Among 727 HIV-infected Uygur patients, 317 were males and 410 were females with mean age (35.52±13.44) years old. The mean duration of disease was (6.34±3.05)years. There were 697(95.87%) patients receiving Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with mean duration of treatment (6.34±3.05)years. Rheumatic manifestations were recorded in 238 (32.74%) HIV-infected Uygur patients, mainly with dry mouth and dry eye (15.41%), alopecia (9.90%), arthralgia (8.94%), ect. Compared with the health controls, positive ANA was more common in HIV infected Uygur patients (33.42%vs.17.43%,P< 0.001) with low titers (ANA titer:1:100). HIV-infected Uygur patients had higher positive anti-u1-RNP antibodies positive rate (1.10%), but lower anti-SSA antibodies positive rate (0.14%) and anti-CCP antibodies positive rate (0.28%). Patients with positive ANA in HAART group were significantly less than that in non-treatment group (38.72%vs.50.00%,P=0.049).Only one female patient was HLA-B27 positive (0.14%), which was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (3.08%) (P<0.001). Also, only one patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Conclusion:Rheumatic manifestations are common in HIV-infected Uygur patients. Several autoantibodies are positive, but the coincidence of rheumatic diseases is rare. It’s noted that patients with Rheumatic manifestations and low titre positive ANA should be considered as a differential diagnosis of HIV infection.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Non-Hodgkin’s Plasmablastic Lymphoma as Initial Presentation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110146
Author(s):  
Roopam Jariwal ◽  
Nadia Raza ◽  
Janpreet Bhandohal ◽  
Everardo Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
Plasmablastic Lymphoma ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Head Neck

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma that manifests in patients with the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more prominently in the head, neck, and oral mucosal region. The diagnosis of this rare lymphoma serves as a concomitant diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The case is of a 33-year-old previously healthy male, with an unknown diagnosis of HIV with a painful right mandibular mass. He was subsequently diagnosed with PBL and HIV. This case of PBL illustrates the importance of linking a rare and potentially life-threatening diagnosis as a possible first manifestation of HIV.

scholarly journals Cryptococcal infection of the colon in a patient without concurrent human immunodeficiency infection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Quincho-Lopez ◽  
Noah Kojima ◽  
John M. Nesemann ◽  
Rogger Verona-Rubio ◽  
Dina Carayhua-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Cryptococcal Infection ◽  
Pulmonary System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Histopathology Examination

AbstractCryptococcosis is a fungal infection that is rarely reported in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, especially when the central nervous system (CNS) or pulmonary system is not involved. We report a case of isolated colonic cryptococcosis without disseminated disease in a 64-year-old immunocompetent woman without HIV infection who presented with chronic diarrhea and no episodes of fever or weight loss. The diagnosis was based on histopathology examination. Furthermore, we performed a literature review showing that few reports have been published so far and in the case of colonic cryptococcal infection, the prognosis is favorable among HIV-uninfected patients.

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