Retinoic acid and the late phase of neural induction

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

Regional neural gene expression in Xenopus is the result of a number of processes that continue well beyond the end of gastrulation. By considering two of the basic features of neural induction, the duration of contact between mesoderm and ectoderm and the timing of neural competence, it has been possible to distinguish two phases in neural tissue formation. The late phase includes the period following gastrulation. A factor in determining regional neural gene expression is the difference in inducing ability of the mesoderm that develops during gastrulation along the anterior-posterior axis. The resulting ability to express regional neural genes is subsequently refined during the late phase by a signal that progresses from the posterior part of the embryo. Using a dorsal explant system, it is shown that this progressive signal can be mimicked by the addition of retinoic acid (RA). However, the observation that regions along the anterior-posterior axis respond in different ways to the addition of RA suggests that additional factors are also important in defining regional neural gene expression. One possibilty is that the expression of retinoic acid receptors along the axis may demarcate regions that respond to RA in particular ways.

Abstract 13522: Vascular Healing in Drug-Eluting Stents: Differential Response of Limus-Eluting Stents in a Preclinical Model of Stent Implantation

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Tajiri ◽  
Akira Sato ◽  
Tomoya Hoshi ◽  
Taizo Kimura ◽  
Yoshihiro Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Bare Metal Stents ◽  
Metal Stents ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Recently, several clinical studies suggest that second-generation cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stents (CoCr-EES) lead to more favorable vascular healing than first-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES). However, it remains unclear the difference of vascular responses between CoCr-EES and SES. Methods: A total of 42 stents (14 bare-metal stents [BMS], 13 CoCr-EES, and 15 SES) were deployed in the iliac arteries of 31 Japanese White rabbits. Qquantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) analyses of the neointima were performed on days 30 and 90 after the stent implantation. Results: On day 30, the gene expression of the angiogenic growth factors (hepatocyte and basic fibroblast growth factors) and proteoglycans (decorin, biglycan and lumican) were more upregulated in the BMS than in the SES. However, at 90 days after stenting, the gene expression of proteoglycans and collagen was more upregulated in the SES than in the CoCr-EES and BMS. Conclusions: In contrast to CoCr-EES and BMS, SES strongly suppresses the vascular healing-related gene expression in the early phase, and then upregulates it in the late phase. These differences may lead to different clinical outcomes in humans.

Bone morphogenetic proteins and a signalling pathway that controls patterning in the developing chick limb

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Francis ◽  
M.K. Richardson ◽  
P.M. Brickell ◽  
C. Tickle
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Wing Bud

We show here that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) is involved in patterning the developing chick limb. During early stages of limb development, mesenchymal expression of the Bmp-2 gene is restricted to the posterior part of the bud, in a domain that colocalizes with the polarizing region. The polarizing region is a group of cells at the posterior margin of the limb bud that can respecify the anteroposterior axis of the limb when grafted anteriorly and can activate expression of genes of the HoxD complex. We dissect possible roles of BMP-2 in the polarizing region signalling pathway by manipulating the developing wing bud. Retinoic acid application, which mimics the effects of polarizing region grafts, activates Bmp-2 gene expression in anterior cells. This shows that changes in anteroposterior pattern are correlated with changes in Bmp-2 expression. When polarizing region grafts are placed at the anterior margin of the wing bud, the grafts continue to express the Bmp-2 gene and also activate Bmp-2 expression in the adjacent anterior host mesenchyme. These data suggest that BMP-2 is part of the response pathway to the polarizing signal, rather than being the signal itself. In support of this, BMP-2 protein does not appear to have any detectable polarizing activity when applied to the wing bud. The pattern of Bmp-4 gene expression in the developing wing bud raises the possibility that BMP-2 and BMP-4 could act in concert. There is a close relationship, both temporal and spatial, between the activation of the Bmp-2 and Hoxd-13 genes in response to retinoic acid and polarizing region grafts, suggesting that expression of the two genes might be linked.

scholarly journals Non-collinear Hox gene expression in bivalves and the evolution of morphological novelties in mollusks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Salamanca-Díaz ◽  
Andrew D. Calcino ◽  
André L. de Oliveira ◽  
Andreas Wanninger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Parahox Gene ◽  
Hox Gene ◽  
Morphological Novelties ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

AbstractHox genes are key developmental regulators that are involved in establishing morphological features during animal ontogeny. They are commonly expressed along the anterior–posterior axis in a staggered, or collinear, fashion. In mollusks, the repertoire of body plans is widely diverse and current data suggest their involvement during development of landmark morphological traits in Conchifera, one of the two major lineages that comprises those taxa that originated from a uni-shelled ancestor (Monoplacophora, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Scaphopoda, Bivalvia). For most clades, and bivalves in particular, data on Hox gene expression throughout ontogeny are scarce. We thus investigated Hox expression during development of the quagga mussel, Dreissena rostriformis, to elucidate to which degree they might contribute to specific phenotypic traits as in other conchiferans. The Hox/ParaHox complement of Mollusca typically comprises 14 genes, 13 of which are present in bivalve genomes including Dreissena. We describe here expression of 9 Hox genes and the ParaHox gene Xlox during Dreissena development. Hox expression in Dreissena is first detected in the gastrula stage with widely overlapping expression domains of most genes. In the trochophore stage, Hox gene expression shifts towards more compact, largely mesodermal domains. Only few of these domains can be assigned to specific developing morphological structures such as Hox1 in the shell field and Xlox in the hindgut. We did not find traces of spatial or temporal staggered expression of Hox genes in Dreissena. Our data support the notion that Hox gene expression has been coopted independently, and to varying degrees, into lineage-specific structures in the respective conchiferan clades. The non-collinear mode of Hox expression in Dreissena might be a result of the low degree of body plan regionalization along the bivalve anterior–posterior axis as exemplified by the lack of key morphological traits such as a distinct head, cephalic tentacles, radula apparatus, and a simplified central nervous system.

scholarly journals Retinoic acid-induced SoX3 gene expression in NT2/D1 cells is RXR homodimer-independent

2009 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
Tijana Savic ◽  
Milena Stevanovic ◽  
Gordana Nikcevic
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
System Development ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Retinoid Receptors ◽  
Pathological Development ◽  
Gene Expression Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sox3 Gene

The Sox3/SOX3 gene is implicated in the control of nervous system development. We previously demon?strated modulation of human SOX3 gene expression during neural induction of NT2/D1 cells by retinoic acid (RA). Also, we accurately verified RXR retinoid receptors as major mediators of the effect of RA on SOX3 expression, and excluded RARs as its heterodimeric partners in RA-SOX3 signaling. Here we present evidence that activation of the SOX3 gene by RA is not RXR homodimer-dependent. The described line of SOX3 gene expression studies is valuable for future investigation of the impact that this gene has multiple aspects of normal and pathological development.

scholarly journals Znfl1s are essential for patterning the anterior-posterior axis of zebrafish posterior hindbrain by acting as direct target genes of retinoic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Jingyun Li ◽  
Yingmin Zhao ◽  
Luqingqing He ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Xiaojing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

scholarly journals Transient retinoic acid signaling confers anterior-posterior polarity to the inner ear

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwoong Bok ◽  
Steven Raft ◽  
Kyoung-Ah Kong ◽  
Soo Kyung Koo ◽  
Ursula C. Dräger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signaling ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Prolonged Response ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
Anterior Posterior Axis

Vertebrate hearing and balance are based in complex asymmetries of inner ear structure. Here, we identify retinoic acid (RA) as an extrinsic signal that acts directly on the ear rudiment to affect its compartmentalization along the anterior-posterior axis. A rostrocaudal wave of RA activity, generated by tissues surrounding the nascent ear, induces distinct responses from anterior and posterior halves of the inner ear rudiment. Prolonged response to RA by posterior otic tissue correlates with Tbx1 transcription and formation of mostly nonsensory inner ear structures. By contrast, anterior otic tissue displays only a brief response to RA and forms neuronal elements and most sensory structures of the inner ear.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document