scholarly journals Klf5maintains the balance of primitive endoderm versus epiblast specification during mouse embryonic development by suppression ofFgf4

Development ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (20) ◽  
pp. 3706-3718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Azami ◽  
Tsuyoshi Waku ◽  
Ken Matsumoto ◽  
Hyojung Jeon ◽  
Masafumi Muratani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Primitive Endoderm

scholarly journals ICM cells can be partitioned robustly through transient synchronization using secreted FGF4

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochan Xu ◽  
Ala Trusina ◽  
Kim Sneppen
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Minimal Network ◽  
Emergent Phenomenon ◽  
Negative Feedbacks ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Or Gate

The differentiation of ICM cells into epiblast (EPI) and primitive endoderm (PE) is central in embryonic development. It is known that FGF4 signaling is important in this process, but it remains unclear how cells can be correctly partitioned. Here we model the NANOG-GATA6-FGF4 network, and test all 64 logical regulatory combinations for their ability to partition a group of cells. We found that nearly all the logic combinations allowed for correct partitioning, including a minimal network where self-activation of NANOG and GATA6 was inactivated. However such self-activation increased the robustness of the system. Furthermore, the model also captured the reported changes in cell proportions in response to FGF perturbations. This constrains the possible regulatory logic and predicts the presence of an “OR” gate in cell-cell communication. We repeatedly found that FGF4 coordinated the decision in two phases: A convergence and a bifurcation phase. First FGF4 negative feedback drives the cells to a balanced “battle” state where most cells have intermediate levels of both regulators, thus being double positive. Subsequent bifurcation happens at constant FGF4 level. Together our results suggest that the frequently observed state of multipotency during differentiation may be an emergent phenomenon resulting from inter-cellular negative feedbacks.

scholarly journals Staging of ovine embryos and expression of the T-box genes Brachyury and Eomesodermin around gastrulation

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Guillomot ◽  
Annick Turbe ◽  
Isabelle Hue ◽  
Jean-Paul Renard
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
T Box ◽  
Whole Mount ◽  
Early Failures ◽  
Early Expression

The high rates of embryonic mortalities which follow in vitro production of ruminant embryos have emphasized the need for increased knowledge of early development. It is likely that early failures in embryonic development and placenta formation involve abnormal differentiation of mesoderm. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of expression of two T-box genes known to control the gastrulation process, Brachyury and Eomesodermin, by whole-mount in situ hybridization. To allow a more precise comparison of both expression patterns between embryos, we describe a new staging of pre-implanted ovine embryos by gross morphology and histology from pre-gastrulation stages to the beginning of neurulation. In pre-streak embryos primitive mesoderm cells delaminated in between the primitive endoderm and the epiblast. At that stage, no expression of Brachyury or Eomesodermin could be detected in the embryos. Early expression of both T-genes was observed by the early-streak stages in epiblast cells located close to the presumptive posterior pole of the embryos. Later on, during gastrulation both genes followed a pattern of expression similar to the ones described in other mammals. These observations suggest that other genes, which remain to be identified, are responsible for extra-embryonic mesoderm differentiation in ruminant embryos.

Live Confocal Analysis of Fertilization and Early Development

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1012-1013
Author(s):  
Uyen Tram ◽  
William Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Fluorescent Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Event ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Fluorescent Studies

Embryonic development is a dynamic event and is best studied in live animals in real time. Much of our knowledge of the early events of embryogenesis, however, comes from immunofluourescent analysis of fixed embryos. While these studies provide an enormous amount of information about the organization of different structures during development, they can give only a static glimpse of a very dynamic event. More recently real-time fluorescent studies of living embryos have become much more routine and have given new insights to how different structures and organelles (chromosomes, centrosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) are coordinately regulated. This is in large part due to the development of commercially available fluorescent probes, GFP technology, and newly developed sensitive fluorescent microscopes. For example, live confocal fluorescent analysis proved essential in determining the primary defect in mutations that disrupt early nuclear divisions in Drosophila melanogaster. For organisms in which GPF transgenics is not available, fluorescent probes that label DNA, microtubules, and actin are available for microinjection.

ADHD therapy with methylphenidate in mothers – a danger for embryonic development?

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bergemann ◽  
K Boyle ◽  
WE Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development

Insulin and insulinlike growth factors in embryonic development. Effects of a biologically inert insulin (guinea pig) on rat embryonic growth and development in vitro

Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Travers ◽  
L. Exell ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
E. Town ◽  
M. J. Lammiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Embryonic Growth ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Insulinlike Growth Factors
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