Genetical Studies on the Skeleton of the Mouse1

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-148
Author(s):  
Hans Grüneberg
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Group V ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
General Reduction

The semi-dominant gene for Danforth's short-tail in the mouse (symbol Sd; linkage group V) was first described by Dunn, Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, & Bryson (1940). The most conspicuous abnormality of Sd/+ heterozygotes is a shortening of the tail the extent of which varies with the genetic background (Dunn, 1942; Fisher & Holt, 1944; Dunn & Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, 1945). Reduction or absence of kidneys is common on some genetic backgrounds, but rare or absent on others (Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, 1943). Reduction or absence of the dens epistrophei (odontoid process of the axis) with formation of an anomalous articulation between atlas and epistropheus (axis) was later described by Theiler (1951 a, b; 1952; 1954) and by Grüneberg (1953). The reduction of the dens epistrophei is part and parcel of a general reduction of the vertebral bodies which is most marked in the cervical region, but which can be traced throughout the whole length of the axial skeleton.

scholarly journals Regulation of Recombination at the His-3 Locus in Neurospora Crassa

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Angel ◽  
Barbara Austin ◽  
DG Catcheside
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Group V

The frequency of prototrophic recombination between pairs of his-3 alleles is increased in the absence of the dominant gene reo-w+, which is probably the same as reo-4+. The locus of reo-w is in linkage group V. The degree of increase is determined by genes at a reoognition locus (oog) situated about 1� 3 units distally to the hi8-3 locus. In the presence of oog+, derived from Y8743 which has Lindegren wild stocks as ancestors, the increase is about 30-fold.

SEX AND CROSSING OVER IN LINKAGE GROUP III OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

The relative position of the genes black (b), light ocular diaphragm (lod) and aureate (au) for the third linkage group of T. castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) has been determined as b – lod – au. The distances between the various genes vary, depending on the cross. The b++/+ lod au ♂ × + lod au/+ lod au ♀ crosses give the following recombination values: au – lod = 18.32 ± 1.21%; b – lod = 21.05 ± 1.51% and b – au = 37.43 ± 1.27%. The reciprocal crosses give au – lod = 27.67 ± 1.62%; b – lod = 13.97 ± 1.26% and b – au = 39.79 ± 1.78%. For the larger distances encompassed in the b – au region the recombination values in the two sexes were not significantly different. For the shorter b – lod region the recombination values were significantly larger in the females than in the males, while for the adjacent lod – au region the opposite was true. On the basis of the current literature it would appear that the main factors contributing to these sex differences in recombination are the modifiers which are different in the genetic background of the two sexes.

The "reindeer" mutation and a revision of linkage groups V and X in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Group V ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Dominant Mutants

Reindeer (Rd) is a dominant mutation affecting antenna morphology in the tenebrionid flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In contrast with most dominant mutants previously described for this species, homozygotes are fully viable, thus making Rd very useful for genetic studies. Rd is tentatively assigned to either linkage group IX or X. Abbreviated appendages (aa), formerly placed in linkage group X, is reassigned to linkage group V on the basis of demonstrated linkage to jet (j).Key words: Tribolium, mutation Rd, linkage, antenna morphology.

Genetical Studies on the Skeleton of the Mouse

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
M. S. Deol
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Pilot Experiment ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Do So

A Pilot experiment by Weber (1950) established the fact that the minor skeletal variations universally present in strains of tame mice are also encountered in wild populations; and that the incidence of individual variants may differ widely from population to population. In the decade since Weber's work many new variants have come to light, and it seemed desirable to repeat his observations on the more extensive range of variants now available. An opportunity to do so presented itself in 1956 when wild mice from various localities in the eastern U.S.A. became available for study. These animals had been collected for a totally different purpose. As is well known through the work of Dunn and his collaborators, there exists in the mouse a semi-dominant gene (T) for Brachyury or short-tail which in T/+ heterozygotes shortens the tail to a varying extent.

scholarly journals A comparison of erect weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing radiography of the cervical spine in non-trauma patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimali S. Weerakoon ◽  
Nimali N. Karunaratne ◽  
Winitha S. Jayasundara
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Computed Radiography ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Imaging Procedure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Fair Poor

Introduction: Various positioning techniques are utilized to enhance the visualization of lower cervical vertebrae on lateral radiographs. However, the effectiveness of these techniques still remains unclear. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the weight-bearing (WB) technique in visualizing lower cervical vertebrae and cervicothoracic junction (C7-T1) on standing lateral cervical radiographs of adult non-trauma patients. The study was conducted using both computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) systems.Methods: Forty-four CR (29 WB and 15 non-WB – NWB) and 61 DR (26 WB and 35 NWB) lateral C-spine radiographs were prospectively evaluated to assess the visible number of cervical vertebral bodies and C7-T1 junction. The instructions given by the radiographer to the patient for the imaging procedure were also assessed on the Likert scale (very good, good, fair, poor, very poor).Results: There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the visualization of the number of vertebral bodies between the two techniques of WB and NWB for CR or DR. Further, no significant relationship (p > 0.05) was observed between the WB technique and the visualization of C7-T1 junction in DR systems. However, a significant difference was identified for CR (p = 0.012). The instruction given to the patient significantly correlated with the visibility of the lower C-spine region within each group of WB and NWB in both imaging systems.Conclusions: The visibility of the number of vertebral bodies in the lower C-spine region in either CR or DR systems did not demonstrate any enhancement with the WB technique. Regardless of the imaging system or techniques used, adequate instructions given to the patient before and during the imaging procedure of C-spine lateral radiography demonstrated a significant improvement in visualizing the lower C-spine region. In this preliminary study, the application of erect WB radiography technique in evaluating the lower cervical region of adult non-trauma patients gives limited advantage.

Rat esterases: an update of linkage group V

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. M. Van Zutphen ◽  
M. G. C. W. den Bleman
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Group V

The paired homeobox gene Uncx4.1 specifies pedicles, transverse processes and proximal ribs of the vertebral column

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 2259-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Leitges ◽  
L. Neidhardt ◽  
B. Haenig ◽  
B.G. Herrmann ◽  
A. Kispert
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Targeted Mutation ◽  
Vertebral Bodies

The axial skeleton develops from the sclerotome, a mesenchymal cell mass derived from the ventral halves of the somites, segmentally repeated units located on either side of the neural tube. Cells from the medial part of the sclerotome form the axial perichondral tube, which gives rise to vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs; the lateral regions of the sclerotome will form the vertebral arches and ribs. Mesenchymal sclerotome cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes to form a cartilaginous pre-skeleton that is later replaced by bone tissue. Uncx4.1 is a paired type homeodomain transcription factor expressed in a dynamic pattern in the somite and sclerotome. Here we show that mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of the Uncx4.1 gene die perinatally and exhibit severe malformations of the axial skeleton. Pedicles, transverse processes and proximal ribs, elements derived from the lateral sclerotome, are lacking along the entire length of the vertebral column. The mesenchymal anlagen for these elements are formed initially, but condensation and chondrogenesis do not occur. Hence, Uncx4.1 is required for the maintenance and differentiation of particular elements of the axial skeleton.

Isolation of telomere DNA from Neurospora crassa

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3168-3177
Author(s):  
M G Schechtman
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Entire Chromosome ◽  
Different Genetic Background

The most distal known gene on Neurospora crassa linkage group VR, his-6, was cloned. A genomic walk resulted in isolation of the telomere at VR. It was obtained from a library in which the endmost nucleotides of the chromosome had not been removed by nuclease treatment before being cloned, and mapping indicates that the entire chromosome end has probably been cloned. Sequences homologous to the terminal 2.5 kilobases of DNA from VR from these Oak Ridge N. crassa strains are found at other sites in the genome. To characterize these sites, I crossed an Oak Ridge-derived his-6 strain with a wild-type strain of different genetic background (Mauriceville) and characterized the hybridization patterns seen in the progeny. It appears that the sequences homologous to the VR terminus are found at genetically different sites in the two parental strains, and no hybridization to the VR telomere from Mauriceville was detected. The other genomic copies identified in the Oak Ridge parent were not telomeres. I suggest that any repeating sequence blocks found immediately adjacent to the VR terminus in Oak Ridge strains must be small and that the repeating element identified in that background may be an N. crassa transposable element integrated near the the chromosome end at VR.

The Axial Skeletons of Sunghir 1, 2, and 3

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Trinkaus ◽  
Alexandra P. Buzhilova ◽  
Maria B. Mednikova ◽  
Maria V. Dobrovolskaya
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Length Scaling

Given their burial positions, on their backs with the trunks and limbs extended, the Sunghir 1 to 3 individuals should have retained major portions of their axial skeletons. This is the case for Sunghir 2 and 3, both of whom retain all of the cervical vertebrae, most of their thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and major portions of their sacra. Sunghir 2 preserves portions of 23 of the 24 ribs, and Sunghir 3 retains at least a small piece of each of her 24 ribs. Moreover her left fifth and sixth ribs lack only their costal cartilage surfaces. Only Sunghir 3 preserves any elements of the sternum, two partial and separated sternebral segments. In contrast, despite the apparent presence of major portions of the axial skeleton in situ, little remains of the Sunghir 1 vertebrae, ribs, or sternum. The cervical vertebrae are absent, unless pieces of them are mixed with the collection of what appear to be thoracic and lumbar fragments. Only two vertebrae remain reasonably intact, the T1 and T2. There are eight pieces of vertebral bodies, one of which has a pathological growth (chapter 17). The ribs consist of small pieces, except for a largely intact left first rib. Although evident in the in situ photographs, nothing remains of the manubrium. There is also a piece of distal middle rib, which is of use for the age-at-death assessment. Some of the vertebral and rib pieces have been sacrificed over the years for direct radiocarbon dating (e.g., Kuzmin et al. 2004). Others pieces, heavily fissured and hence probably descending into fragments during excavation, were only partially retained. There are nonetheless a few aspects of the Sunghir axial skeletons, beyond age assessments (chapter 6), the pathological lesions on the Sunghir 1 vertebrae (chapter 17), use of the sacra in the pelves (chapter 14), and body length scaling for Sunghir 2 and 3 (chapter 11), that are of interest.

Position of the Acatalasemia Gene in Linkage Group V of the Mouse

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD C. DICKERMAN ◽  
ROBERT N. FEINSTEIN ◽  
DOUGLAS GRAHN
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Group V
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document