Genetical Studies on the Skeleton of the Mouse

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
M. S. Deol
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Pilot Experiment ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Do So

A Pilot experiment by Weber (1950) established the fact that the minor skeletal variations universally present in strains of tame mice are also encountered in wild populations; and that the incidence of individual variants may differ widely from population to population. In the decade since Weber's work many new variants have come to light, and it seemed desirable to repeat his observations on the more extensive range of variants now available. An opportunity to do so presented itself in 1956 when wild mice from various localities in the eastern U.S.A. became available for study. These animals had been collected for a totally different purpose. As is well known through the work of Dunn and his collaborators, there exists in the mouse a semi-dominant gene (T) for Brachyury or short-tail which in T/+ heterozygotes shortens the tail to a varying extent.

scholarly journals An inherited mild middle-aged adiposity in wild mice

1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Wallace ◽  
Felicity M. Macswiney
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Resistant Population ◽  
Warfarin Resistance ◽  
Physiological Problem

SUMMARYIn a warfarin-resistant population of wild mice reared in the laboratory, a dominant gene for adiposity, Ad, was found to segregate. The onset of obesity is at 4–6 months, and adipose mice suffer from hyperinsulinaemia; the sexes differ in penetrance, males having greater penetrance then females. Linkage backcrosses show the gene to be situated on chromosome 7 with about 25% recombination with the closely linked warfarin-resistance genes War, and frizzy, fr. The finding of adipose in two other wild populations also carrying War is discussed as an ecological and physiological problem.

scholarly journals Maori, Biculturalism and the Assemblies of God  in New Zealand, 1970 - 2008

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philip D Carew
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Church ◽  
Assemblies Of God ◽  
Indigenous Leadership ◽  
Mainline Denominations ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

<p>This thesis examines the extent to which the New Zealand Assemblies of God, one of the largest and oldest Pentecostal denominations in the country, has fostered participation by Maori, and its success in doing so between 1970 and 2008. From the advent of the Mana Maori renaissance in the 1970s the idea of biculturalism became an important vehicle for Maori aspirations. As part of its broader agenda, the thesis also considers the church's response to this bicultural emphasis. The Assemblies' particular response is analysed in the light of experiences in the mainline denominations and the Apostolic and Destiny churches which either experienced considerable success in attracting Maori participation, or explicitly accommodated the call for a bicultural response using recognised bicultural models. The research is based on the published literature of the Assemblies of God and an extensive range of interviews. These provided detail on the motivations and underlying beliefs that have generated particular responses. The published literature of the other denominations has also been addressed for comparative purposes, along with a range of relevant secondary literature. The Assemblies of God's flexible structure, clarity of teaching, fostering of indigenous leadership and emphasis on local church autonomy, has enabled it to grow rapidly throughout the world. Despite this, and despite the church's emphasis on crosscultural mission, this thesis demonstrates that Maori have not joined the Assemblies of God to the same extent that they have other Pentecostal denominations in New Zealand. It argues that the church has done little to foster Maori participation in the movement, and identifies eight key historical, ideological, and organisational factors that have hindered its ability to do so. In particular, it highlights the significance of the denomination's emphasis on local church autonomy, the absence of any deliberate "mission" to Maori, and the church's multicultural emphasis and historical suspicion of "social justice".</p>

scholarly journals Evidences against a significant role of Mus musculus as natural host for Angiostrongylus costaricensis

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Teixeira dos Santos ◽  
Viviane M. Pinto ◽  
Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Natural Hosts

Wild rodents have been described as the most important hosts for Angiostrongylus costaricensis in Central America and southern Brazil. Sinantropic rodents apparently do not play a significant role as natural hosts. A search for natural infection failed to document worms in 14 mice captured in the house of a patient with diagnosis of abdominal angiostrongylosis and experimental infection of a "wild" Mus musculus strain and groups of albino Swiss mice were carried out. Mortality was not significantly different and varied from 42% to 80% for Swiss mice and from 26% to 80% for "wild" mice. The high mortality of a "wild" M. musculus infected with A. costaricensis was very similar to what is observed with most laboratory mice strains. These data may be taken as indications that M. musculus is not a well adapted host for A. costaricensis, although susceptibility was apparently higher with "wild" populations of M. musculus as compared to Swiss strain.

First records of ‘pughead’ and ‘short-tail’ skeletal deformities in the Atlantic goliath grouper, Epinephelus itajara (Perciformes: Epinephelidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Schlogel Bueno ◽  
Christopher Carl Koenig ◽  
Mauricio Hostim-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Skeletal Deformities ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Spawning Aggregations ◽  
Photographic Documentation ◽  
Goliath Grouper ◽  
First Time

Here we report two types of skeletal deformities, ‘pughead’ and ‘short-tail’, observed for the first time in the adult Atlantic goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara). Photographic documentation of these deformities was made for only three individuals during our studies of their spawning aggregations. ‘Pugheadedness’ was documented in Brazil and Florida, and the ‘short-tail’ deformity was documented only in Brazil. Skeletal deformities are rare, have very low frequencies in wild populations and appear to be initiated during early development. There was no apparent effect of the condition on the adult goliath grouper, as they appeared robust and healthy.

scholarly journals Sizing up your enemy: individual predation vulnerability predicts migratory probability

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1710) ◽  
pp. 1414-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Skov ◽  
Henrik Baktoft ◽  
Jakob Brodersen ◽  
Christer Brönmark ◽  
Ben B. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Partial Migration ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
The Individual

Partial migration, in which a fraction of a population migrate and the rest remain resident, occurs in an extensive range of species and can have powerful ecological consequences. The question of what drives differences in individual migratory tendency is a contentious one. It has been shown that the timing of partial migration is based upon a trade-off between seasonal fluctuations in predation risk and growth potential. Phenotypic variation in either individual predation risk or growth potential should thus mediate the strength of the trade-off and ultimately predict patterns of partial migration at the individual level (i.e. which individuals migrate and which remain resident). We provide cross-population empirical support for the importance of one component of this model—individual predation risk—in predicting partial migration in wild populations of bream Abramis brama , a freshwater fish. Smaller, high-risk individuals migrate with a higher probability than larger, low-risk individuals, and we suggest that predation risk maintains size-dependent partial migration in this system.

Genetical Studies on the Skeleton of the Mouse1

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-148
Author(s):  
Hans Grüneberg
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Group V ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
General Reduction

The semi-dominant gene for Danforth's short-tail in the mouse (symbol Sd; linkage group V) was first described by Dunn, Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, & Bryson (1940). The most conspicuous abnormality of Sd/+ heterozygotes is a shortening of the tail the extent of which varies with the genetic background (Dunn, 1942; Fisher & Holt, 1944; Dunn & Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, 1945). Reduction or absence of kidneys is common on some genetic backgrounds, but rare or absent on others (Gluecksohn-Schoenheimer, 1943). Reduction or absence of the dens epistrophei (odontoid process of the axis) with formation of an anomalous articulation between atlas and epistropheus (axis) was later described by Theiler (1951 a, b; 1952; 1954) and by Grüneberg (1953). The reduction of the dens epistrophei is part and parcel of a general reduction of the vertebral bodies which is most marked in the cervical region, but which can be traced throughout the whole length of the axial skeleton.

scholarly journals The Cellular Expression and Genetics of an Established Polymorphism in Poecilia reticulata; “Purple Body, (Pb)” is an Autosomal Dominant Gene

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Bias ◽  
Richard D. Squire
Keyword(s):  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Male Ornaments ◽  
Color Pigment

AbstractModification of wild-type carotenoid orange and pteridine red coloration and spotting of male ornaments in both wild populations of Poecilia reticulata (Guppies) and modern Domestic Guppy strains by the Purple Body gene has long been overlooked in research articles and little understood in breeder publications. This modification is commonly found in wild-type Poecilia reticulata reticulata populations from numerous collection sites and has been photographed but not recognized in these collections. It is non-existent or near absent in collections taken from variant populations of Poecilia reticulata wingei. We identify and determine the mode of inheritance, cellular and phenotypic expression by the Purple gene in these stocks. The Purple Body color pigment modification is a distinct polymorphism in wild P. reticulata reticulata populations. Its existence suggests multiple benefits that satisfy female sexual selection preferences, and minimize or reduce potential predation risks. Photographic and microscopic evidence demonstrated that Purple Body is a normal polymorphism in wild and domestic guppies modifying color pigment regions. Purple Body is inherited as an autosomal incompletely dominant trait.

scholarly journals Maori, Biculturalism and the Assemblies of God  in New Zealand, 1970 - 2008

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Philip D Carew
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Local Church ◽  
Assemblies Of God ◽  
Indigenous Leadership ◽  
Mainline Denominations ◽  
Considerable Success ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

<p>This thesis examines the extent to which the New Zealand Assemblies of God, one of the largest and oldest Pentecostal denominations in the country, has fostered participation by Maori, and its success in doing so between 1970 and 2008. From the advent of the Mana Maori renaissance in the 1970s the idea of biculturalism became an important vehicle for Maori aspirations. As part of its broader agenda, the thesis also considers the church's response to this bicultural emphasis. The Assemblies' particular response is analysed in the light of experiences in the mainline denominations and the Apostolic and Destiny churches which either experienced considerable success in attracting Maori participation, or explicitly accommodated the call for a bicultural response using recognised bicultural models. The research is based on the published literature of the Assemblies of God and an extensive range of interviews. These provided detail on the motivations and underlying beliefs that have generated particular responses. The published literature of the other denominations has also been addressed for comparative purposes, along with a range of relevant secondary literature. The Assemblies of God's flexible structure, clarity of teaching, fostering of indigenous leadership and emphasis on local church autonomy, has enabled it to grow rapidly throughout the world. Despite this, and despite the church's emphasis on crosscultural mission, this thesis demonstrates that Maori have not joined the Assemblies of God to the same extent that they have other Pentecostal denominations in New Zealand. It argues that the church has done little to foster Maori participation in the movement, and identifies eight key historical, ideological, and organisational factors that have hindered its ability to do so. In particular, it highlights the significance of the denomination's emphasis on local church autonomy, the absence of any deliberate "mission" to Maori, and the church's multicultural emphasis and historical suspicion of "social justice".</p>

Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane T. Wegener ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar
Keyword(s):  
Replication Studies ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Do So

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.

Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Nazerian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

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