Enzymo- and immunocytochemical analyses of the differentiation of liver cells in the prenatal mouse

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Shiojiri
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Portal Region

Differentiation of the endodermal cells of the mouse liver was studied enzymo- and immunocytochemically by analyzing the cellular localization of alphafoetoprotein (AFP), glycogen, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) activities. 1. In 8·5-day foetuses, AFP appears in some endodermal cells of the anterior intestinal portal region. The cells of the cranial diverticulum contain much AFP at 9·5 days, while those of the caudal diverticulum contain less AFP. 2. In 9·5- to 15·5-day foetuses, hepatocytes are intensely fluorescent for AFP. After 16·5 days less-positive hepatocytes increase in number. AFP is still present in a few hepatocytes of 14-day-old postnatal mice. ALP and 5'-Nase activities appear in a small proportion of hepatocytes at 13·5 and 14·5 days of embryonal life, respectively. At 15·5 days, many hepatocytes possess these enzyme activities, and initiate accumulation of glycogen. AFPcontaining hepatocytes type I (gestation day 9·5–16·5) successively acquire ALP and 5'-Nase activities and accumulate glycogen, and then differentiate into hepatocytes type II after gestation day 17·5. 3. Endodermal cells constituting lumen structures in the liver trabeculae are the precursor of the intrahepatic bile duct cells. They possess much AFP, but no glycogen and no ALP activity, and are similar to hepatocytes type I. Since immature hepatic duct cells also possess much AFP, but no glycogen, and no ALP and 5'-Nase activities, they are similar to endodermal cells of the lumen structures. Therefore, that the endodermal cells of the lumen structures are the intermediate cells between hepatocytes type I and hepatic duct cells may be conceivable.

The rat intraovarian interleukin (IL)-1 system: cellular localization, cyclic variation and hormonal regulation of IL-1β and of the type I and type II IL-1 receptors

1999 ◽  
Vol 149 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahar Kol ◽  
Kristina Ruutiainen-Altman ◽  
Wendy J. Scherzer ◽  
Izhar Ben-Shlomo ◽  
Motomu Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cyclic Variation ◽  
Type Ii

Putrescine uptake in hamster lung slices and primary cultures of type II pneumocytes

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (5) ◽  
pp. L681-L689 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Hoet ◽  
C. P. Lewis ◽  
D. Dinsdale ◽  
M. Demedts ◽  
B. Nemery
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Type I ◽  
Uptake System ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Active Uptake ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽  
Discontinuous Percoll Gradient

Putrescine is accumulated in the lungs of various species by an active uptake system that also mediates the uptake of cystamine and paraquat. We have characterized this uptake in both lung slices and type II pneumocytes isolated from hamsters by trypsin digestion, differential adherence on plastic, and centrifugation on a discontinuous Percoll gradient. The accumulation of [14C]putrescine in lung slices was shown to be temperature and energy dependent, and to obey saturation kinetics, with mean calculated values of apparent Michaelis constant (Km) 29.4 microM and maximum rate of uptake (Vmax) 637 nmol.g-1.h-1. In the presence of cystamine or paraquat, the putrescine uptake was reduced in a manner compatible with competitive inhibition. The calculated inhibitor constants (Ki) were 16 and 1,017-1,328 microM for the inhibition by cystamine and paraquat, respectively. The cellular localization of [3H]putrescine in lung slices after incubation with 2.5 microM putrescine was determined by light-microscopic autoradiography. Labeling was present in type II and possibly also in type I pneumocytes of the alveolar epithelium but not in macrophages, endothelium, or cells of the interstitium. Two days after their isolation, cultured type II pneumocytes exhibited an uptake of putrescine that had kinetic characteristics similar to those of slices (Km of 23 microM and Vmax of 3.06 mumol.g protein-1.h-1) and was also competitively inhibited by paraquat (Ki of 222-350 microM paraquat). Our data demonstrate the presence of an active uptake system for putrescine in both lung slices and cultured type II pneumocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Endometrial Cytology at Luteal and Follicular Phases of the Ovarian Cycle in Cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Brodzki ◽  
Adam Brodzki ◽  
Łukasz Kurek ◽  
Jan Marczuk ◽  
Marcin R. Tatara
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine cytological changes in the uterus in cows during the follicular and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle, as well as to compare two different methods (brush and flushing) used for cytological material collection and to evaluate their usefulness for monitoring of the endometrium. Ovarian cycle phases were confirmed by ultrasound and by the level of sex hormones (17-β-estradiol and progesterone). The following types of cells were identified in the cytological smears: type I - surface cells; type II - intermediate cells; type III - basal cells; polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); L - lymphocytes. The number of type I and III cells was statistically significantly higher in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase, both in smears prepared using a brush (P<0.001) and by uterine flush (P=0.003). The number of type II cells was statistically significantly higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase in both methods (P<0.001). The results of the study show that phases of the ovarian cycle in cows can be identified based on changes in the quality and percentage of different types of endometrial cells in a cytological examination.

The origin of intrahepatic bile duct cells in the mouse

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Shiojiri
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Liver Fragments

The origin of the intrahepatic bile ducts in the embryonic mouse liver was investigated. At 12·5 and 13·5 gestation days in the C3H/Tw strain mouse, the liver parenchyma contains morphologically and histochemically homogeneous immature hepatocytes but not bile duct cells. When the liver fragments were cultured in the testis, immature hepatocytes differentiated into large hepatocytes for the most part and also into bile duct cells. In contrast, when the similar liver fragments were cultured under the skin of newborn mice, bile duct cells differentiated much earlier in all transplants than those cultured in the testis. These bile duct cells were considered to be the intrahepatic bile duct cells, since they did not form biliary glands but possessed a basal lamina and histochemical characteristics of intrahepatic bile duct cells of the normal liver. The origin of the endodermal epithelial cells in the mouse liver is discussed with special attention to the differentiation of the intrahepatic bile duct cells from the immature hepatocytes.

Cloning of the human keratin 18 gene and its expression in nonepithelial mouse cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1540-1550
Author(s):  
D A Kulesh ◽  
R G Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Keratin 18 ◽  
Cloned Gene ◽  
Endodermal Cells

Human keratin 18 (K18) and the homologous mouse protein, Endo B, are intermediate filament subunits of the type I keratin class. Both are expressed in many simple epithelial cell types including trophoblasts, the first differentiated cell type to appear during mouse embryogenesis. The K18 gene was identified and cloned from among the 15 to 20 similar sequences identified within the human genome. The identity of the cloned gene was confirmed by comparing the sequence of the first two exons to the K18 cDNA sequence and transfecting the gene into various murine cell lines and verifying the encoded protein as K18 by immunoprecipitation and partial peptide mapping. The transfected K18 gene was expressed in mouse HR9 parietal endodermal cells and mouse fibroblasts even though the fibroblasts fail to express endogenous Endo B. S1 nuclease protection analysis indicated that mRNA synthesized from the transfected K18 gene is initiated at the same position as authentic K18 mRNA found in both BeWo trophoblastoma cells and HeLa cells. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that the human K18 protein is stable in murine parietal endodermal cells (HR9) which express EndoA, a complementary mouse type II keratin. Surprisingly, however, K18 was degraded when synthesized in cells which lack a type II keratin. This turnover of K18 may be an important mechanism by which epithelial cells maintain equal molar amounts of both type I and II keratins. In addition, the levels of the endogenous type I Endo B in parietal endodermal cells were compensatingly down regulated in the presence of the K18 protein, while the levels of the endogenous type II Endo A were not affected in any of the transfected cell lines.

scholarly journals Endothelial cells are an important source of BDNF in rat skeletal muscle

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cefis ◽  
Remi Chaney ◽  
Aurore Quirié ◽  
Clélia Santini ◽  
Christine Marie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Trkb Receptors

AbstractBDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) is present in skeletal muscle, controlling muscular metabolism, strength and regeneration processes. However, there is no consensus on BDNF cellular source. Furthermore, while endothelial tissue expresses BDNF in large amount, whether endothelial cells inside muscle expressed BDNF has never been explored. The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of BDNF localization in rat skeletal muscle. Cellular localization of BDNF and activated Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors was studied by immunohistochemical analysis on soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius (GAS). BDNF and activated TrkB levels were also measured in muscle homogenates using Western blot analysis and/or Elisa tests. The results revealed BDNF immunostaining in all cell types examined with a prominent staining in endothelial cells and a stronger staining in type II than type I muscular fibers. Endothelial cells but not other cells displayed easily detectable activated TrkB receptor expression. Levels of BDNF and activated TrkB receptors were higher in SOL than GAS. In conclusion, endothelial cells are an important and still unexplored source of BDNF present in skeletal muscle. Endothelial BDNF expression likely explains why oxidative muscle exhibits higher BDNF levels than glycolytic muscle despite higher the BDNF expression by type II fibers.

scholarly journals Cloning of the human keratin 18 gene and its expression in nonepithelial mouse cells.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1540-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Kulesh ◽  
R G Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Peptide Mapping ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Keratin 18 ◽  
Cloned Gene ◽  
Endodermal Cells

Human keratin 18 (K18) and the homologous mouse protein, Endo B, are intermediate filament subunits of the type I keratin class. Both are expressed in many simple epithelial cell types including trophoblasts, the first differentiated cell type to appear during mouse embryogenesis. The K18 gene was identified and cloned from among the 15 to 20 similar sequences identified within the human genome. The identity of the cloned gene was confirmed by comparing the sequence of the first two exons to the K18 cDNA sequence and transfecting the gene into various murine cell lines and verifying the encoded protein as K18 by immunoprecipitation and partial peptide mapping. The transfected K18 gene was expressed in mouse HR9 parietal endodermal cells and mouse fibroblasts even though the fibroblasts fail to express endogenous Endo B. S1 nuclease protection analysis indicated that mRNA synthesized from the transfected K18 gene is initiated at the same position as authentic K18 mRNA found in both BeWo trophoblastoma cells and HeLa cells. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that the human K18 protein is stable in murine parietal endodermal cells (HR9) which express EndoA, a complementary mouse type II keratin. Surprisingly, however, K18 was degraded when synthesized in cells which lack a type II keratin. This turnover of K18 may be an important mechanism by which epithelial cells maintain equal molar amounts of both type I and II keratins. In addition, the levels of the endogenous type I Endo B in parietal endodermal cells were compensatingly down regulated in the presence of the K18 protein, while the levels of the endogenous type II Endo A were not affected in any of the transfected cell lines.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Comparative surface and ultrastructural views of methylotrophic bacteria by TEM, STEM, SE, and freeze-etch electron microscopy.

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 792-793
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
M.E. Lidstrom ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Membrane Complex ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus

Methylotrophic bacteria play an Important role in the environment in the oxidation of methane and methanol. Extensive intracytoplasmic membranes (ICM) have been associated with the oxidation processes in methylotrophs and chemolithotrophic bacteria. Classification on the basis of ICM arrangement distinguishes 2 types of methylotrophs. Bundles or vesicular stacks of ICM located away from the cytoplasmic membrane and extending into the cytoplasm are present in Type I methylotrophs. In Type II methylotrophs, the ICM form pairs of peripheral membranes located parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Complex cell wall structures of tightly packed cup-shaped subunits have been described in strains of marine and freshwater phototrophic sulfur bacteria and several strains of methane oxidizing bacteria. We examined the ultrastructure of the methylotrophs with particular view of the ICM and surface structural features, between representatives of the Type I Methylomonas albus (BG8), and Type II Methylosinus trichosporium (OB-36).

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