scholarly journals Endometrial Cytology at Luteal and Follicular Phases of the Ovarian Cycle in Cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Brodzki ◽  
Adam Brodzki ◽  
Łukasz Kurek ◽  
Jan Marczuk ◽  
Marcin R. Tatara
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Abstract The aim of the study was to examine cytological changes in the uterus in cows during the follicular and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle, as well as to compare two different methods (brush and flushing) used for cytological material collection and to evaluate their usefulness for monitoring of the endometrium. Ovarian cycle phases were confirmed by ultrasound and by the level of sex hormones (17-β-estradiol and progesterone). The following types of cells were identified in the cytological smears: type I - surface cells; type II - intermediate cells; type III - basal cells; polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); L - lymphocytes. The number of type I and III cells was statistically significantly higher in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase, both in smears prepared using a brush (P<0.001) and by uterine flush (P=0.003). The number of type II cells was statistically significantly higher in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase in both methods (P<0.001). The results of the study show that phases of the ovarian cycle in cows can be identified based on changes in the quality and percentage of different types of endometrial cells in a cytological examination.

scholarly journals Cytological image of the endometrium in cows in follicular and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle and in cows with follicular and luteal ovarian cysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Piotr Brodzki ◽  
Adam Brodzki ◽  
Krzysztof Kostro ◽  
Łukasz Kurek ◽  
Jan Marczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Type B ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Type C ◽  
Follicular Cysts

Abstract The experiment was conducted on 30 Holstein-Friesian cows: 10 cows in the follicular phase of the cycle and in the luteal phase 10 d later, 10 cows with follicular cysts, and 10 with luteal cysts. The presence of the ovarian structures was confirmed by ultrasonography. Serum levels of progesterone and 17β-oestradiol were tested with ELISA. Samples for cytological examination were collected from the uterus of all cows using a cytological brush. Following staining, the smears were evaluated in terms of quality and percentages of endometrial cells. In the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle, cells of type A - superficial cells (64.6 ± 4.48) were proportionally the largest group of cells. Cells of type C - basal cells (19.8 ± 2.75) were also present. In the luteal phase, the highest percentage of cells was of type B - intermediate cells (76.9 ± 4.26). When follicular cysts were present on the ovaries, the cytology resembled the follicular phase of the cycle, but with many younger type C cells (33.1 ± 4.11). In the case of luteal cysts on the ovaries, the cytology was similar to that of the luteal phase of the cycle, however with a lower percentage of type B cells (58.1 ± 5.71), and a slightly higher percentage of the other types. The differences in the cytological image of the uterus when different ovarian structures are present, depend on the hormonal activity of those structures. Due to the lack of literature data, the results of the study are important as a model, and may substantially facilitate identification of phases of the oestrus cycle, or the pathologies described, as well as indicate the current status of the endometrium

Protein kinase C in uterine and systemic arteries during ovarian cycle and pregnancy

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. E464-E470 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Magness ◽  
C. R. Rosenfeld ◽  
B. R. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Estrogen Production ◽  
Systemic Artery

Elevated uterine blood flow is associated with increases in local estrogen-to-progesterone ratios during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle and late pregnancy. Because protein kinase C (PKC) activation increases arterial tone, decreased PKC activity may mediate vasodilation. Therefore, we determined uterine (UA) and systemic artery (SA, omental) PKC activity (pmol.mg protein-1.min-1) during the follicular (n = 6), early luteal (n = 4), and late luteal (n = 3) phases of the sheep ovarian cycle, and at 110 +/- 3 (n = 4) and 130 +/- 1 (n = 8) (+/- SE) days of ovine gestation. The stage of the ovarian cycle was verified by the presence of follicles (high estrogen) or corpora lutea (high progesterone) on the ovary and by plasma estrogen and progesterone concentrations. UA-PKC activity (pmol.mg protein-1.min-1) during the follicular phase was 100 +/- 18 and increased progressively to 155 +/- 28 during the early luteal phase and to 219 +/- 37 (P less than 0.05) during the late luteal phase; SA-PKC activity was unchanged. A local utero-ovarian relationship was observed, i.e., UA-PKC activity was lower (P less than 0.001) in UA ipsilateral to ovaries with only follicles (105 +/- 14) when compared with UA adjacent to ovaries with corpora lutea (224 +/- 26), which was similar to SA-PKC activity (184 +/- 35). UA-PKC activity fell from 344 +/- 70 at 110 days to 109 +/- 12 at 130 days gestation (P less than 0.05); SA-PKC activity was unchanged. During the ovarian cycle and latter one-third of ovine pregnancy, increased estrogen production is associated with decreased UA-PKC activity; thus local ovarian and placental steroids may alter PKC activity, thereby regulating UA tone and blood flow.

scholarly journals Histomorphological features of Rabbit Uterine Tube During Estrous Phases

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Samira Abdul-Hussein Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Uterine Tube ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
The Right

Microscopic features of the adult rabbit uterine tube during estrous cycle were studied. Twenty rabbit uterine tube were used. Rabbits were collected from local market. Sections from uterine tube infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus were prepared for histological study. Lengths and widths of various parts were obtained from the right tube. Ampulla formed the longest part, isthmus was narrowest segment and connected to the uterus. The infundibulum was with fimbrae. Epithelial liming was with few types of cells, and were; ciliated; non-ciliated secretory (peg cells) and basal cells were also demonstrated. The type of epithelial cells was pseudostratified epithelium. In the ampullary mucosa, large number of primary branches at the follicular phase was observed. Ciliation was more at the follicular phase than luteal phase. While secretory cells  during follicular was less than that at luteal phase   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.062

scholarly journals Regulation of the cGMP-cPKG pathway and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in uterine arteries during the ovine ovarian cycle

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. E222-E228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liaqat H. Khan ◽  
Charles R. Rosenfeld ◽  
Xiao-tie Liu ◽  
Ronald R. Magness
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Regulatory Subunits ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Dependent Pathway

The follicular phase of the ovine ovarian cycle demonstrates parallel increases in ovarian estrogens and uterine blood flow (UBF). Although estrogen and nitric oxide contribute to the rise in UBF, the signaling pathway remains unclear. We examined the relationship between the rise in UBF during the ovarian cycle of nonpregnant sheep and changes in the uterine vascular cGMP-dependent pathway and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa). Nonpregnant ewes ( n = 19) were synchronized to either follicular or luteal phase using a vaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDR), followed by intramuscular PGF2α, CIDR removal, and treatment with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. UBF was measured with flow probes before tissue collection, and second-generation uterine artery segments were collected from nine follicular and seven luteal phase ewes. The pore-forming α- and regulatory β-subunits that constitute the BKCa, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (cPKG) isoforms (cPKG1α and cPKG1β) were measured by Western analysis and cGMP levels by RIA. BKCa subunits were localized by immunohistochemistry. UBF rose >3-fold ( P < 0.04) in follicular phase ewes, paralleling a 2.3-fold rise in smooth muscle cGMP and 32% increase in cPKG1α ( P < 0.05). sGC, cPKG1β, and the BKCa α-subunit were unchanged. Notably, expression of β1- and β2-regulatory subunits rose 51 and 79% ( P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Increases in endogenous ovarian estrogens in follicular-phase ewes result in increases in UBF associated with upregulation of the cGMP- and cPKG-dependent pathway and increased vascular BKCa β/α-subunit stoichiometry, suggesting enhanced BKCa activation contributes to the follicular phase rise in UBF.

scholarly journals Myeloperoxidase Inhibition Decreases the Expression of Collagen and Metallopeptidase in Mare Endometria under In Vitro Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ana Amaral ◽  
Carina Fernandes ◽  
Maria Rosa Rebordão ◽  
Anna Szóstek-Mioduchowska ◽  
Karolina Lukasik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Acid Hydrazide ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Gelatinolytic Activity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Matrix Stability

Neutrophils can originate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a peroxidase found in NETs associated to equine endometrosis and can be inhibited by 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH). Metallopeptidases (MMPs) participate in extracellular matrix stability and fibrosis development. The objectives of this in vitro work were to investigate, in explants of mare’s endometrium, (i) the ABAH capacity to inhibit MPO-induced collagen type I (COL1) expression; and (ii) the action of MPO and ABAH on the expression and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2/-9. Explants retrieved from the endometrium of mares in follicular or mid-luteal phases were treated with MPO, ABAH, or their combination, for 24 or 48 h. The qPCR analysis measured the transcription of COL1A2, MMP2, and MMP9. Western blot and zymography were performed to evaluate COL1 protein relative abundance and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2/-9, respectively. Myeloperoxidase elevated COL1 relative protein abundance at both treatment times in follicular phase (p < 0.05). The capacity of ABAH to inhibit MPO-induced COL1 was detected in follicular phase at 48 h (p < 0.05). The gelatinolytic activity of activated MMP-2 augmented in mid-luteal phase at 24 h after MPO treatment, but it was reduced with MPO+ABAH treatment. The activity of MMP-9 active form augmented in MPO-treated explants. However, this effect was inhibited by ABAH in the follicular phase at 48 h (p < 0.05). By inhibiting the pro-fibrotic effects of MPO, it might be possible to reduce the development of endometrosis. Metallopeptidase-2 might be involved in an acute response to MPO in the mid-luteal phase, while MMP-9 might be implicated in a prolonged exposition to MPO in the follicular phase.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Reconstructions of Mouse Circumvallate Taste Buds Using Serial Blockface Scanning Electron Microscopy: I. Cell Types and the Apical Region of the Taste Bud

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruibiao Yang ◽  
Yannick K. Dzowo ◽  
Courtney E. Wilson ◽  
Rae L. Russell ◽  
Grahame J. Kidd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
I Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTTaste buds comprise four types of taste cells: 3 mature, elongate types: Type I, Type II, Type III; and basally-situated, immature post-mitotic Type IV cells. We employed serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to delineate the characteristics and interrelationships of the taste cells in the circumvallate papillae of adult mice. Type I cells have an indented, elongate nucleus with invaginations, folded plasma membrane, and multiple apical microvilli in the taste pore. Type I microvilli may be either restricted to the bottom of the pore or extend outward reaching midway up into the taste pore. Type II cells (aka receptor cells) are characterized by a large round or oval nucleus, a single apical microvillus extending through the taste pore, and specialized “atypical” mitochondria at functional points of contact with nerve fibers. Type III cells (aka “synaptic cells”) are elongate with an indented nucleus, possess a single, apical microvillus extending through the taste pore and are characterized by a small accumulation of synaptic vesicles at points of contact with nerve fibers. About one-quarter of Type III cells also exhibit an atypical mitochondrion amidst the presynaptic vesicle clusters at the synapse. Type IV cells (non-proliferative “basal cells”) have a nucleus in the lower quarter of the taste bud but have a foot process extending to the basement membrane often contacting nerve processes along the way. Type I cells represent just over 50% of the population, whereas Type II, Type III, and Type IV (basal cells) represent 19%, 15%, and 14% respectively.

Pattern of excretion of urinary steroid metabolites during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the marmoset monkey

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-A. K. Eastman ◽  
D. W. Makawiti ◽  
W. P. Collins ◽  
J. K. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Ovarian Cycle ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Marmoset Monkey ◽  
Progesterone Metabolites ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Urinary Steroid ◽  
Steroid Conjugates

ABSTRACT Non-invasive methods for monitoring reproductive status based on the measurement of urinary steroid conjugates were examined. Levels of urinary oestrone-3-glucuronide, oestrone-3-sulphate, oestradiol glucuronide, oestradiol sulphate and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide were determined during the ovarian cycle and pregnancy. Sequential hydrolysis showed oestradiol conjugates to be more abundant than oestrone conjugates. The levels of sulphates and glucuronides were similar in the follicular phase whereas sulphates predominated during the luteal phase and pregnancy. Although levels of oestrone-3-sulphate were two- to fourfold lower than those of oestradiol sulphate, measured after hydrolysis, the profiles throughout the cycle and pregnancy were similar. Levels of oestrone-3-sulphate, measured by direct assay, were below 1 μmol/mmol creatinine during the follicular phase, rising 3–4 days after ovulation to reach maximum values (2–8 μmol/mmol creatinine) in the mid-luteal phase. There was no consistent increase before ovulation. Levels during pregnancy rose gradually until days 70–90, after which there was no further increase (gestation length = 144 days). The pattern of pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide was similar to that of oestrone-3-sulphate during the ovarian cycle but levels did not increase during pregnancy. The patterns of excretion of oestrogen and progesterone metabolites were similar to the pattern of the circulating hormones during the ovarian cycle. Circulating and urinary hormone patterns were similar for oestrogens throughout pregnancy but pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide did not reflect progesterone secretion beyond day 70 of gestation. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 19–26

scholarly journals Differential localization of distinct keratin mRNA-species in mouse tongue epithelium by in situ hybridization with specific cDNA probes.

1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 2583-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rentrop ◽  
B Knapp ◽  
H Winter ◽  
J Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Fungiform Papillae ◽  
Filiform Papillae ◽  
Tongue Epithelium

The tongue of the adult mouse is covered by a multilayered squamous epithelium which is continuous on the ventral surface, however interrupted on the dorsal surface by many filiform and few fungiform papillae. The filiform papillae themselves are subdivided into an anterior and posterior unit exhibiting different forms of keratinization. Thus, the entire epithelium shows a pronounced morphological diversity of well recognizable tissue units. We have used a highly sensitive in situ hybridization technique to investigate the differential expression of keratin mRNAs in the tongue epithelium. The hybridization probes used were cDNA restriction fragments complementary to the most specific 3'-regions of any given keratin mRNA. We could show that independent of the morphologically different tongue regions, all basal cells uniformly express the mRNA of a type I 52-kD keratin, typical also for basal cells of the epidermis. Immediately above the homogenous basal layer a vertically oriented specialization of the keratin expression occurs within the morphological tissue units. Thus the dorsal interpapillary and ventral epithelium express the mRNAs of a type II 57-kD and a type I 47-kD keratin pair. In contrast, in the anterior unit of the filiform papillae, only the 47-kD mRNA is present, indicating that this keratin may be coexpressed in tongue epithelium with different type II partners. In suprabasal cells of both, the fungiform papillae and the posterior unit of the filiform papillae, a mRNA of a type I 59-kD keratin could be detected; however, its type II 67-kD epidermal counterpart seems not to be present in these cells. Most surprisingly, in distinct cells of both types of papillae, a type I 50-kD keratin mRNA could be localized which usually is associated with epidermal hyperproliferation. In conclusion, the in situ hybridization technique applied has been proved to be a powerful method for detailed studies of differentiation processes, especially in morphologically complex epithelia.

Enzymo- and immunocytochemical analyses of the differentiation of liver cells in the prenatal mouse

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Nobuyoshi Shiojiri
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Hepatic Duct ◽  
Intrahepatic Bile Duct ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Portal Region

Differentiation of the endodermal cells of the mouse liver was studied enzymo- and immunocytochemically by analyzing the cellular localization of alphafoetoprotein (AFP), glycogen, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) activities. 1. In 8·5-day foetuses, AFP appears in some endodermal cells of the anterior intestinal portal region. The cells of the cranial diverticulum contain much AFP at 9·5 days, while those of the caudal diverticulum contain less AFP. 2. In 9·5- to 15·5-day foetuses, hepatocytes are intensely fluorescent for AFP. After 16·5 days less-positive hepatocytes increase in number. AFP is still present in a few hepatocytes of 14-day-old postnatal mice. ALP and 5'-Nase activities appear in a small proportion of hepatocytes at 13·5 and 14·5 days of embryonal life, respectively. At 15·5 days, many hepatocytes possess these enzyme activities, and initiate accumulation of glycogen. AFPcontaining hepatocytes type I (gestation day 9·5–16·5) successively acquire ALP and 5'-Nase activities and accumulate glycogen, and then differentiate into hepatocytes type II after gestation day 17·5. 3. Endodermal cells constituting lumen structures in the liver trabeculae are the precursor of the intrahepatic bile duct cells. They possess much AFP, but no glycogen and no ALP activity, and are similar to hepatocytes type I. Since immature hepatic duct cells also possess much AFP, but no glycogen, and no ALP and 5'-Nase activities, they are similar to endodermal cells of the lumen structures. Therefore, that the endodermal cells of the lumen structures are the intermediate cells between hepatocytes type I and hepatic duct cells may be conceivable.

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