A Quantitative Electron Microscopic Study of Changes in Microtubule Arrays and Wall Microfibril Orientation During in vitro Cotton Fiber Development

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-577
Author(s):  
ROBERT W. SEAGULL
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cotton Fiber Development ◽  
Fiber Initiation ◽  
Microfibril Orientation ◽  
Wall Deposition

A quantitative electron microscopic (E/M) study of the changes in microtubule arrays and wall microfibril orientation has been done on in vitro grown cotton fibers. Microtubules change orientation during cotton fiber development. During fiber initiation and early elongation, microtubules have a generally random orientation. Microtubules re-orient into shallow pitched helices as elongation and primary wall deposition continue, and into steeply pitched helices during secondary wall deposition. Accompanying the changes in orientation are increases in microtubule length, number, proximity to the plasmalemma and a decreased variability in orientation of the microtubules. Based on these observations, three pivotal stages in microtubule patterns were identified during fiber development: (1) the transition between fiber initiation and elongation, where microtubules develop a shallow pitched helical orientation; (2) the transition between primary and secondary wall synthesis, where microtubules abruptly shift orientation to a steeply pitched helical pattern; and (3) early in secondary wall synthesis, where there is a four fold increase in microtubule number. Microfibrils exhibit changes in orientation similar to the microtubules; however significant differences were found when the precise orientations of microtubules and microfibrils were compared. During secondary wall synthesis, wall microfibrils exhibit some variability in orientation due to inter-fibril bundling, thus indicating that components of the wall may also influence final microfibril orientation.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Analysis of AAT Genes and Their Expression Profiling during Fiber Development in Cotton

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2461
Author(s):  
Dongjie Yang ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Qiaolian Wang ◽  
Limin Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Cotton Fiber Development ◽  
Fiber Initiation ◽  
Cotton Species

Amino acid transporters (AATs) are a kind of membrane proteins that mediate the transport of amino acids across cell membranes in higher plants. The AAT proteins are involved in regulating plant cell growth and various developmental processes. However, the biological function of this gene family in cotton fiber development is not clear. In this study, 190, 190, 101, and 94 full-length AAT genes were identified from Gossypiumhirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii. A total of 575 AAT genes from the four cotton species were divided into two subfamilies and 12 clades based on phylogenetic analysis. The AAT genes in the four cotton species were distributed on all the chromosomes. All GhAAT genes contain multiple exons, and each GhAAT protein has multiple conserved motifs. Transcriptional profiling and RT qPCR analysis showed that four GhATT genes tend to express specifically at the fiber initiation stage. Eight genes tend to express specifically at the fiber elongation and maturity stage, and four genes tend to express specifically at the fiber initiation and elongation stages. Our results provide a solid basis for further elucidating the biological function of AAT genes related to cotton fiber development and offer valuable genetic resources for crop improvement in the future.

Changes in microtubule arrays during cotton fiber development

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 760-761
Author(s):  
Robert W. Seagull
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Wall Deposition ◽  
Secondary Wall Deposition ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Serial Section Reconstruction ◽  
Cell Wall Deposition

Developing cotton fiber provides an excellent model system for the study of microtubule (MT) arrays and their involvement in cell wall deposition. The secondary wall of the cotton fiber is arranged in layers of parallel microfibrils, to produce a polylamellate configuration. Cortical MTs parallel microfibrils and undergo re-orientations which predicted new microfibril orientations. Previous studies describe the general relationship between MTs and microfibrils but provided no quantitative analysis of MT arrays. In this paper quantitative measurements of MT arrays were done during primary and secondary wall synthesis. Changes in the MT array accompany the shift from primary to secondary wall deposition.Fibers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, variety Acala SJ-2) were grown using ovule culture techniques. At various stages of development (days post anthesis, DPA) ovules with attached fibers were fixed in 0.1M phosphate buffered (pH 6.9) 1% glutaraldehyde for 1 h. After a 1 h wash, the fibers were post-fixed in phosphate buffered 1% OsO4. After rapid dehydration with 2,2 dimethoxypropane, cells were infiltrated with Spurr's resin. At this point fibers were removed from ovules and flat embedded between teflon coated microscope slides. Serial section reconstruction analysis of microtubule arrays was done as previously described.

Phytohormone Regulation of Cotton Fiber Development In Vitro

2007 ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Triplett ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Doug Hinchliffe ◽  
Sing-Hoi Sze ◽  
Peggy Thaxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Cotton Fiber Development ◽  
Development In Vitro

scholarly journals Investigation of the EIL/EIN3 Transcription Factor Gene Family Members and Their Expression Levels in the Early Stage of Cotton Fiber Development

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haron Salih ◽  
Shoupu He ◽  
Hongge Li ◽  
Zhen Peng ◽  
Xiongming Du
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Cotton Fiber Development ◽  
Cotton Species

The ethylene-insensitive3-like/ethylene-insensitive3 (EIL/EIN3) protein family can serve as a crucial factor for plant growth and development under diverse environmental conditions. EIL/EIN3 protein is a form of a localized nuclear protein with DNA-binding activity that potentially contributes to the intricate network of primary and secondary metabolic pathways of plants. In light of recent research advances, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and novel bioinformatics tools have provided significant breakthroughs in the study of the EIL/EIN3 protein family in cotton. In turn, this paved the way to identifying and characterizing the EIL/EIN3 protein family. Hence, the high-throughput, rapid, and cost-effective meta sequence analyses have led to a remarkable understanding of protein families in addition to the discovery of novel genes, enzymes, metabolites, and other biomolecules of the higher plants. Therefore, this work highlights the recent advance in the genomic-sequencing analysis of higher plants, which has provided a plethora of function profiles of the EIL/EIN3 protein family. The regulatory role and crosstalk of different metabolic pathways, which are apparently affected by these transcription factor proteins in one way or another, are also discussed. The ethylene hormone plays an important role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species in plants under various environmental stress circumstances. EIL/EIN3 proteins are the key ethylene-signaling regulators and play important roles in promoting cotton fiber developmental stages. However, the function of EIL/EIN3 during initiation and early elongation stages of cotton fiber development has not yet been fully understood. The results provided valuable information on cotton EIL/EIN3 proteins, as well as a new vision into the evolutionary relationships of this gene family in cotton species.

scholarly journals Cytokinin inhibits cotton fiber initiation by disrupting PIN3a-mediated asymmetric accumulation of auxin in the ovule epidermis

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 3139-3151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyan Zeng ◽  
Mi Zhang ◽  
Lei Hou ◽  
Wenqin Bai ◽  
Xingying Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Fiber Cell ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Polar Localization ◽  
Fiber Cells ◽  
Fiber Initiation ◽  
Fiber Cell Initiation

AbstractAuxin-dependent cell expansion is crucial for initiation of fiber cells in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), which ultimately determines fiber yield and quality. However, the regulation of this process is far from being well understood. In this study, we demonstrate an antagonistic effect between cytokinin (CK) and auxin on cotton fiber initiation. In vitro and in planta experiments indicate that enhanced CK levels can reduce auxin accumulation in the ovule integument, which may account for the defects in the fiberless mutant xu142fl. In turn, supplementation with auxin can recover fiber growth of CK-treated ovules and mutant ovules. We further found that GhPIN3a is a key auxin transporter for fiber-cell initiation and is polarly localized to the plasma membranes of non-fiber cells, but not to those of fiber cells. This polar localization allows auxin to be transported within the ovule integument while specifically accumulating in fiber cells. We show that CKs antagonize the promotive effect of auxin on fiber cell initiation by undermining asymmetric accumulation of auxin in the ovule epidermis through down-regulation of GhPIN3a and disturbance of the polar localization of the protein.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document