The Influence of Fixation Upon the Fine Structure of The Z-Disk of Rat Striated Muscle

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
D. N. LANDON
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lattice Pattern

The fine structure of the Z-disk in rat striated muscle has been found to be dependent upon the manner of its fixation. Material primarily fixed in osmium tetroxide shows a square or ‘woven’ lattice in transverse sections, with a spacing of around 22 nm, and with its axes off-set by 45° from the axes of alignment of the files of I-filaments prior to their entry into the Z-disk. In longitudinal sections the disk may have a zig-zag appearance with individual I-filaments of one sarcomere apparently linked obliquely to 2 or more I-filaments of the next. Transverse sections of Z-disks in muscle primarily fixed in glutaraldehyde show a square-lattice pattern with a spacing of about II nm, its axes coinciding with the axes of alignment of the adjacent I-filaments. In longitudinal sections oblique linkages of the ends of the I-filaments are not seen, and they appear either to interdigitate, or to be longitudinally continuous with those of the next sarcomere. This second fine structure is interpreted as being the consequence of the superimposition of 2 basic square lattices, each of 22-nm period, 50 % out of register along each axis, and each fort-ned from the lateral linkage of the ends of the interdigitating I-filaments with the ends of adjacent filaments from their own sarcomere. The relationship of this postulated structure to the lattice patterns previously described, the nature of the cross-linking material, and some possible functional implications are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals DNA AND THE FINE STRUCTURE OF SYNAPTIC CHROMOSOMES IN THE DOMESTIC ROOSTER (GALLUS DOMESTICUS)

1964 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Coleman ◽  
Montrose J. Moses
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Feulgen Staining ◽  
Synaptinemal Complex ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The indium trichloride method of Watson and Aldridge (38) for staining nucleic acids for electron microscopy was employed to study the relationship of DNA to the structure of the synaptinemal complex in meiotic prophase chromosomes of the domestic rooster. The selectivity of the method was demonstrated in untreated and DNase-digested testis material by comparing the distribution of indium staining in the electron microscope to Feulgen staining and ultraviolet absorption in thicker sections seen with the light microscope. Following staining by indium, DNA was found mainly in the microfibril component of the synaptinemal complex. When DNA was known to have been removed from aldehyde-fixed material by digestion with DNase, indium stainability was also lost. However, staining of the digested material with non-selective heavy metal techniques demonstrated the presence of material other than DNA in the microfibrils and showed that little alteration in appearance of the chromosome resulted from DNA removal. The two dense lateral axial elements of the synaptinemal complex, but not the central one to any extent, also contained DNA, together with non-DNA material.

Optimization Analysis of the Wedge Block Surface of NYD Contact Backstop

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2277-2281
Author(s):  
Quan Wei Wang ◽  
Ming Hui Wang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Dian Mao Wan ◽  
Rong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimization Analysis ◽  
Archimedes Spiral ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Section Curve ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

By analyzing the relationship of the design parameters of NYD contact backstop, the cross-section curve of the wedge block has been discussed as Archimedes spiral, logarithm spiral and arc. Each curve is designed optimally using MATLAB optimization toolbox. The merits and drawbacks of each curve are discussed.

Fine structure of granulated cells in the posterior cardinal and renal veins of Amia calva L.

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 843-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Renal Veins ◽  
Subendothelial Space ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Amia Calva ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Granulated cells located in the walls of the posterior cardinal and renal veins in the holostean fish Amia calva resemble cells of the adrenal medulla of higher vertebrates. The cells all contain similar electron-dense secretory granules, apparently originating from the Golgi apparatus, and are innervated by nerve terminals. These features suggest that the cells are involved in the production and release of catecholamines. The relationship of the cells to the endothelium of the large veins also suggests that the secretory products of the cells reach the circulation by traversing a complex subendothelial space and passing through the fenestrae of the endothelium. This appears to be an efficient means for the immediate release and distribution of catecholamines in this species of fish.

Research of Electrochemistry Measuring System Based on Saliva Glucose

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 1139-1144
Author(s):  
Li Ying Jiang ◽  
Li Jie Ren ◽  
Qing Hua Chen ◽  
Guang Zhao Cui
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Chemical Sensors ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

According to the relationship of glucose content in diabetes saliva and blood, the biosensor for detecting saliva glucose was introduced based on electrochemical detecting principle, glucose oxidase was immobilized onto the surface of electrode by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. The measuring system was designed by using potentiostat for amperometric chemical sensors. The characters of the microsystem has been demonstrated with the detection of standard glucose solution concentration of saliva parameter. Compared with the data obtained from the instrument CHI660A, it showed that has a good linear relation in the linear range of 0-2200µmol/L, with the correlation coefficient of 0.9531.

Novel morphological structures in frogs: vocal sac diversity and evolution in Microhylidae (Amphibia: Anura)

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Targino ◽  
Agustín J Elias-Costa ◽  
Carlos Taboada ◽  
Julián Faivovich
Keyword(s):  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Elastic Fibres ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Novel Structures

Abstract Vocal sacs are present in most species of frogs and are the product of the interaction of three elements: the gular skin, the superficial submandibular musculature and an internal mucosa derived from the buccal floor. In this paper, we surveyed the structural diversity in the vocal sac of microhylids and related families in 109 exemplar species, including 11 of the 13 currently recognized subfamilies. We defined five characters related to anatomical and histological properties of the m. interhyoideus, as well as the relationship of this muscle and the vocal sac internal mucosa. We describe a vocal sac configuration characterized by highly abundant elastic fibres in association with muscle fibres, a very unusual structure in animal tissues. We discuss the evolution of novel structures in a phylogenetic context and identify new synapomorphies for Microhylidae and internal clades. Furthermore, we comment on the functional implications that these features have in vocal sac inflation.

scholarly journals Effects of Hypertonic Stress on The Fine Structure of Sickled Erythrocytes

Blood ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES G. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Hypertonic Stress ◽  
Erythrocyte Sickling ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The tendency of polymers of sickled hemoglobin (HbS) to align parallel and equidistant to each other has been pointed out in many investigations, and is considered a characteristic feature of erythrocyte sickling. A previous study on stroma-free solutions of sickled hemoglobin, however, suggested that polymers of HbS preferentially assumed radial rather than parallel relationships. Sickled erythrocytes were exposed to hypertonic stress in the present study in order to observe whether parallel bundles of polymers remained intact after removal of the cell membrane. Bundles of polymers in salicylate damaged sickled cells regularly developed branching and radial configurations similar to those found in stroma-free gels. Rotational stress appears to be the dominant factor influencing the relationship of HbS polymers, and the force generated by that tension may be an important factor in erythrocyte sickling.

Fine structure of the septal pore apparatus in Polyporus tomentosus, Poria latemarginata, and Rhizoctonia solani

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2559-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Setliff ◽  
W. L. MacDonald ◽  
R. F. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Cross Wall ◽  
Fixed Material ◽  
Pore Mouth ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Fibrillar Network

The septal pore apparatus was studied in Poria latemarginata, Polyporus tomentosus, and Rhizoctonia solani. Fixation by potassium permanganate was compared with fixation by glutaraldehyde – osmium tetroxide. Potassium permanganate reduced the size of the septal swelling about 50% and destroyed much of the internal integrity of the septal swelling. In glutaraldehyde – osmium tetroxide fixed material, a fibrillar network extended from the cross wall throughout the septal swelling. Except for this network, the septal swelling was electron transparent and similar in appearance to a vacuole. A rim of electronopaque material, attached to the septal swelling, surrounded the pore mouth in Polyporus tomentosus and Rhizoctonia solani.

scholarly journals Non-Euclidean Biosymmetries and Algebraic Harmony in Genomes of Higher and Lower Organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Sergey Petoukhov ◽  
Elena Petukhova ◽  
Vitaly Svirin
Keyword(s):  
Projective Geometry ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Cross Ratio ◽  
Harmonic Progression ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Dna Double Helix ◽  
Cooperative Organization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship of non-Euclidean symmetries in inherited biostructures with algebraic features of information nucleotide sequences in DNA molecules in the genomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These genomic sequences obey the universal hyperbolic rules of the oligomer cooperative organization, which are associated with the harmonic progression 1/1, 1/2, 1/3,.., 1/n. The progression has long been known and studied in various branches of mathematics and physics. Now it has manifested itself in genetic informatics. The performed analysis of the harmonic progression revealed its connection with the cross-ratio, which is the main invariant of projective geometry. This connection consists in the fact that the magnitude of the cross-ratio is the same and is equal to 4/3 for any four adjacent members of this progression. The long DNA nucleotide sequences have fractal-like structure with so called epi-chains, whose structures are also related to the harmonic progression and the projective-geometrical symmetries. The received results are related additionally to a consideration of DNA double helix as helical antenna. This fact of the connection of genetic informatics with the main invariant of projective geometry can be used to explain the implementation of some non-Euclidean symmetries in genetically inherited structures of living bodies.

scholarly journals SARCOLEMMAL INVAGINATIONS CONSTITUTING THE T SYSTEM IN FISH MUSCLE FIBERS

1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Franzini-armstrong ◽  
Keith R. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Fixation ◽  
Striated Muscle Fibers ◽  
T System

Striated muscle fibers from the body and tail myotomes of a fish, the black Mollie, have been examined with particular attention to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and transverse tubular (or T) system. The material was fixed in osmium tetroxide and in glutaraldehyde, and the images provided by the two kinds of fixatives were compared. Glutaraldehyde fixes a fine structure that is broadly comparable with that preserved by osmium tetroxide alone but differs in some significant details. Especially significant improvements were obtained in the preservation of the T system, that is, the system of small tubules that pervades the fiber at every Z line or A-I junction level. As a result of this improved glutaraldehyde fixation, the T system is now clearly defined as an entity of fine structure distinct from the SR but uniquely associated with the SR and myofibrils. Glutaraldehyde fixation also reveals that the T system is a sarcolemmal derivative that retains its continuity with the sarcolemma and limits a space that is in direct communication with the extracellular environment. These structural features favor the conclusion that the T system plays a prominent role in the fast intracellular conduction of the excitatory impulse. The preservation of other elements of muscle fine structure, including the myofibrils, seems for reasons discussed, to be substantially improved by glutaraldehyde.

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