scholarly journals The Temperature and Humidity Relations of the Cockroach

1942 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
D. L. GUNN ◽  
C. A. COSWAY
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Moist Air ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

1. The carpet type of Barcroft respiration apparatus previously used by Gunn for cockroaches gives results comparable with those now obtained with a new basket type. 2. Desiccated cockroaches use oxygen at the same rate per animal as undesiccated specimens. If, however, the rates are calculated with reference to the weight of the animal at the time of the experiment, since the desiccated animals tested had lost about 25% of their original weight, their rates of oxygen consumption appeared to have gone up. 3. Both normal and desiccated animals used oxygen slightly faster in moist air than in dry. Part of this increase must be attributed to a higher body temperature in moist air at 25° C. than in drier air at 25° C. Part of it may be due to greater activity in moist air than in dry, slight though the activity was in both cases. 4. There is no reason to believe that, at a given body temperature, air humidity influences basal metabolic rate.

Thermoregulation and ventilation in the tawny frogmouth, Podargus strigoides: a low-metabolic avian species

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Bech ◽  
Stewart C. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ventilatory Volume

Oxygen consumption (VO2) and body temperature (Tb) were measured during daytime (corresponding to the normal resting phase) in the tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides, mean body mass of 341 g) at ambient temperatures (Ta) between -1ºC and 30ºC. Mean body temperature (over this range of Ta) was 37.8ºC and there was only a small (0.4ºC), and insignificant, day-night variation in Tb. Mean VO2 within thermoneutrality (25-30ºC) was 0.59 mL O2 g-1 h-1 , corresponding to a basal metabolic rate (BMR) of 3.32 W kg-1 . This value is only 61% of the predicted value for a non-passeriform bird. The minimal thermal conductance attained at Ta below thermoneutrality was 0.156 W kg-1 ºC-1, a value which is very close to the allometrically predicted value. The relatively low VO2 was paralleled by a low total ventilatory volume. This, in turn, was mainly the result of a low respiratory frequency (10.2 breaths min-1, only 52% of that expected for a similar-sized bird) whereas tidal volume (6.6 mL [BTPS]) was 107% of the expected value. Thus, our results suggest that the changing ventilatory needs during the evolution of the low VO2 in the tawny frogmouth have been met primarily by changes in respiratory frequency.

scholarly journals The decoupled nature of basal metabolic rate and body temperature in endotherm evolution

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 572 (7771) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Avaria-Llautureo ◽  
Cristián E. Hernández ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano ◽  
Chris Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate

SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF THE DWARF CHICKEN

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RAJARATNAM ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS ◽  
A. S. WOOD ◽  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Brand Name ◽  
Dwarf Chicken

A study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of hypothyroidism as an explanation for the smaller body size and lower metabolic activity of the recessive sex-linked dwarf chicken. A significant increase in body weight gain and feed intake for dwarf chicks with little change in these parameters for normal chicks receiving a diet supplemented with Protamone (brand name for iodinated casein) suggests a hypothyroidic state for the dwarfs. Similarly, a significantly lower body temperature, oxygen consumption and basal metabolic rate with a higher percentage of carcass fat in dwarf chicks as compared with normal ones supports the above hypothesis. Protamone supplementation of the diet increased body temperature and metabolic rate, and altered the carcass composition of the dwarfs to values closer to that of normal chicks, again suggesting a low thyroxine output for the dwarfs.

The metabolic rate and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) at different ambient temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Ikonomopoulou ◽  
R. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Reproductive Females

We investigated the metabolic rate, thermoneutral zone and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot in Tasmania. Five adult eastern barred bandicoots (two males, three non-reproductive females) were tested at temperatures of 3, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The thermoneutral zone was calculated from oxygen consumption and body temperature, measured during the daytime: their normal resting phase. It was found that the thermoneutral zone lies between 25°C and 30°C, with a minimum metabolic rate of 0.51 mL g–1 h–1 and body temperature of 35.8°C. At cooler ambient temperatures (3–20°C) the body temperature decreased to approximately 34.0°C while the metabolic rate increased from 0.7 to 1.3 mL g–1�h–1. At high temperatures (35°C and 40°C) both body temperature (36.9–38.7°C) and metabolic rate (1.0–1.5 mL g–1 h–1) rose. Thermal conductance was low below an ambient temperature of 30°C but increased significantly at higher temperatures. The low thermal conductance (due, in part, to good insulation, a reduced body temperature at lower ambient temperatures, combined with a relatively high metabolic rate) suggests that this species is well adapted to cooler environments but it could not thermoregulate easily at temperatures above 30°C.

The Surface of the Heart Leaks Oxygen

Physiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Loiselle ◽  
JHGM van Beek ◽  
DA Mawson ◽  
PJ Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Exchange ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

The rate of oxygen consumption of the heart is classically measured using the Fick principle. Uncritical application of this principle can cause errors of measurement, particularly when estimating cardiac basal metabolic rate. Consideration of these errors leads to a model that supports modern notions of oxygen exchange in perfused tissue.

Changes in body temperature and basal metabolic rate of the ama

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Kang ◽  
S. H. Song ◽  
C. S. Suh ◽  
S. K. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Average Skin ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Average Body

Oral temperatures of Korean diving women (ama) were measured before and after diving work in four seasons of the year. Their basal metabolic rate, measured in four seasons, was compared to that of nondiving women who lived in the same community and ate the same diet as the ama. Average oral temperatures declined to 35 C after 70 min of work in summer (water temp., 27 C) and to 33 C after 15 min of work in the winter (water temp., 10 C). Average body temperature, computed from weighted oral and average skin temperatures, declined to 34.6 C in summer and to 30 C in winter. Duration of work periods was determined principally by water temperature, since oral temperature declined at a rate inversely proportional to water temperature. The lower deep body temperatures which the ama endure in winter do, however, prolong their winter work period. The BMR of nondiving women was the same as the Dubois standard throughout the year. However, the BMR of ama varied with the season, ranging from +5 of the Dubois standard in summer to +35 in winter. We conclude that the elevated BMR of ama during the winter is cold adaptation, induced by repeated immersion in cold water. Submitted on November 23, 1962

Standard metabolic rate and preferred body temperatures in some Australian pythons

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin S. Bedford ◽  
Keith A. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Daily Cycle ◽  
Preferred Body Temperature

Pythons have standard metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures that are lower than those of most other reptiles. This study investigated metabolic rates and preferred body temperatures of seven taxa of Australian pythons. We found that Australian pythons have particularly low metabolic rates when compared with other boid snakes, and that the metabolic rates of the pythons did not change either seasonally or on a daily cycle. Preferred body temperatures do vary seasonally in some species but not in others. Across all species and seasons, the preferred body temperature range was only 4.9˚C. The thermal sensitivity (Q10) of oxygen consumption by pythons conformed to the established range of between 2 and 3. Allometric equations for the pooled python data at each of the experimental temperatures gave an equation exponent of 0.72–0.76, which is similar to previously reported values. By having low preferred body temperatures and low metabolic rates, pythons appear to be able to conserve energy while still maintaining a vigilant ‘sit and wait’ predatory existence. These physiological attributes would allow pythons to maximise the time they can spend ‘sitting and waiting’ in the pursuit of prey.

Hibernation in the Eastern Pygmy Possum, Cercartetus-Nanus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cercartetus Nanus ◽  
Torpor Bouts

The pattern of torpor was examined in the eastern pygmy possum, Cercartetus nanus (21 g). Animals displayed torpor regularly in the laboratory, and the occurrence of torpor increased with decreasing air temperature (T(a)). At high T(a) (18-degrees-C) animals usually exhibited daily torpor, but torpor bouts of up to 2 days were observed occasionally. The duration of torpor bouts lengthened with a lowering of T(a) and the mean bout duration at T(a) = 5-degrees-C was 17.0 +/- 2.5 days. The minimum metabolic rate (measured as rate of oxygen consumption) of torpid individuals was 0.018 +/- 0.003 mL O2 g-1 h-1, which is less than 2% of the basal metabolic rate. The body temperature (T(b)) Of torpid animals fell to a minimum of 1.3 +/- 0.4-degrees-C. These results clearly demonstrate that Cercartetus nanus is a deep hibernator.

Hibernation and Daily Torpor in Marsupials - a Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Torpor Bouts

Most heterothermic marsupials appear to display one of the two patterns of torpor that have been described in placental mammals. During shallow, daily torpor body temperature (T(b)) falls for several hours from about 35-degrees-C to values between 11 and 28-degrees-C, depending on the species, and metabolic rates fall to about 10-60% of the basal metabolic rate (BMR). In contrast during deep and prolonged torpor (hibernation), T(b) falls to about 1-5-degrees-C, metabolic rates to about 2-6% of BMR and torpor bouts last for 5-23 days. Shallow, daily torpor has been observed in the opossums (Didelphidae), the carnivorous marsupials (Dasyuridae) and the small possums (Petauridae). Daily torpor may also occur in the numbat (Myrmecobiidae) and the marsupial mole (Notoryctidae). Deep and prolonged torpor (hibernation) has been observed in the pygmy possums (Burramyidae), feathertail glider (Acrobatidae) and Dromiciops australis (Microbiotheriidae). The patterns of torpor in marsupials are paralleled by those of monotremes, placentals and even birds. These similarities in torpor patterns provide some support to the hypothesis that torpor may be plesiomorphic. However, as endothermy and torpor in birds apparently has evolved separately from that in mammals and as torpor occurrence in mammals can change within only a few generations it appears more likely that torpor in endotherms is convergent.

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