scholarly journals Behavioral response to ultrasound by the tiger beetle Cicindela marutha dow combines aerodynamic changes and sound production.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
D D Yager ◽  
H G Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Behavioral Thresholds ◽  
Auditory Afferents ◽  
Head Roll

Tethered flying tiger beetles, Cicindela marutha, respond to trains of bat-like ultrasonic pulses with a short-latency, multi-component behavior. The head rolls to one side, the metathoracic legs kick to the opposite side, the elytra swing backwards towards the hindwings and pronate, the hindwings increase their stroke excursion and frequency, and the plane of the hindwing motion tilts forward. In addition, the beetles produce trains of ultrasonic clicks typically containing 100-200 clicks in response to a 1 s stimulus. The clicks average 85-90 dB SPL at 2 cm. The latencies for hindwing changes and elytra swing in response to stimuli more than 10 dB over threshold are 90-110 ms; the latency to clicking is 120-150 ms. Neither the head roll nor the leg kick appears to be directional relative to the sound source. The behavioral response is broadly tuned with greatest sensitivity at 30-60 kHz and mean behavioral thresholds of 75-80 dB SPL. Physiological audiograms from the auditory afferents show substantially greater sensitivity and sharper tuning than the behavioral response, which suggests that tiger beetles may use their hearing in other contexts as well as during flight. The combination of aerodynamic components and arctiid-month-like clicking may provide these insects with a powerful defense against attack by echolocating bats.

scholarly journals Splendid Hybrids: The Effects of a Tiger Beetle Hybrid Zone on Apparent Species Diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mathew L. Brust ◽  
W. Wyatt Hoback ◽  
Stephen M. Spomer
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Ecosystem Changes ◽  
Diverse Groups

Nonexpert citizen groups are being used to monitor species to track ecosystem changes; however, challenges remain for proper identification, especially among diverse groups such as beetles. Tiger beetles,Cicindelaspp., have been used for biological diversity monitoring because of their diversity and the ease of recognition. The finding of an apparent hybrid zone amongCicindela denverensisCasey,Cicindela limbalisKlug, andCicindela splendidaHentz in central Nebraska prompted a detailed study of the biogeography of this species group within Nebraska, a test of characteristics that could be used by citizen scientists, and limited breeding experiments. This study suggests that whileC. denverensisappears to hybridize with bothC. limbalisandC. splendidawithin the hybrid zone, all three species maintain their integrity across most of their ranges, largely occupy unique geographic regions, and at leastC. denverensisandC. splendidacooccur in many areas with no evidence of hybridization. Evidence of hybridization betweenC. limbalisandC. splendidawas found at only two sites. Furthermore, breeding experiments with virginC. splendidaandC. denverensisshowed that they are capable of producing hybrid larvae in the laboratory. The presence of morphological intergrades serves as a cautionary note when using biological indicator species.

scholarly journals Tiger beetle fauna (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Cicindelinae) of Morocco: distribution, phenology and list of taxa

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radomir Jaskuła ◽  
Tomasz Rewicz ◽  
Kajetan Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
High Level

The diversity and distribution of Cicindelinae in Morocco, including new unpublished data, is summarized and discussed. In total 17 species are reported from the country. Cicindela campestris campestris is excluded from the Moroccan fauna while the occurrence of Myriochila mirei is doubtful and should be confirmed by new data. The area adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean coastlines holds the highest species diversity, while mountainous regions are characterized by lower diversity but also by high level of species endemism. Grouped on the basis of their chorotypes, Moroccan Cicindelinae fall into six different groups: West Mediterranean (44% of Cicindelinae species), Maghreb endemics (22%), Mediterranean (11%), Saharian (11%), Mediterranean-Westturanian (6%) and Afrotropico-Indo-Mediterranean (6%). According to their phenology, the Moroccan tiger beetles can be divided into three groups: 1) spring active species, 2) spring-summer active species, and 3) summer active species.

scholarly journals On occurrence, habitat specificity and natural history of adult tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) near Manaus, Central Amazonia, and key to the larvae of tiger beetle genera

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim ADIS ◽  
Wilfried PAARMANN ◽  
Maristela A. AMORIM ◽  
Erik ARNDT ◽  
Claudio R. V. da FONSECA
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Habitat Specificity ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Inundation Forests ◽  
Central Amazonia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diurnal Species

Over a seven year period from 1991 to 1997, 22 species of tiger beetles, representing nine genera, were recorded near Manaus, Brazil. In the Whitewaterfloodplains along the Rio Solimões-Amazonas (Ilha de Marchantaria), three diurnal species inhabit inundation forests and six species (two diurnal, four nocturnal) live in open areas. Data on their natural history and adaptation to living conditions in floodplains are presented. Fifteen species were located on non-flooded uplands (Reserva Florestal A. Ducke). Five diurnal species inhabit the forest floor, two species are canopy dwellers, and eight species (seven diurnal, one nocturnal) live in open areas on whitesand or laterite. Only one species, Pentacomia lacordairei, was found in both floodplain and upland forests. A key to the larvae of tiger beetle genera located near Manaus is presented.

Studies of tiger beetles. CXIX. Three new species for the fauna of Vietnam (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
F. Cassola
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
The World ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time

Three tiger beetle species, Therates differens Sawada & Wiesner, 1999, Calomera brevipilosa (W. Horn, 1908) and Cosmodela separata (Fleutiaux, 1893), are recorded from Vietnam for the first time. The known tiger beetle fauna of this country is thus raised to a total of 132 species (45, or 34% of which are endemic), what definitely ranges Vietnam among the countries of the world with the richest outstanding entomological biodiversity (km2/species ratio: 2.507).

First record of tiger beetles (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) from Rovno amber, with the description of a new genus and species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5016 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-256
Author(s):  
ANDREY V. MATALIN ◽  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY ◽  
DMITRY V. VASILENKO
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
First Record ◽  
Rovno Amber ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Fossil Resins

A new fossil tiger beetle species, Goriresina fungifora gen. n., sp. n. (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae), is described from Eocene Rovno amber. The new genus belongs to the subtribe Iresiina, tribe Cicindelini, due to the glabrous head, the labrum with six submarginal setae (latero-basal setae very long) and two apical teeth with notch between them, the glabrous and globular pronotum, the lack of setae on the metepisternum and metepimeron, as well as on the visible parts of abdominal sternites, the single long seta each on the fore- and mesotrochanter. The new species is characterized by the long and moderately convex labrum, two clypeal setae, the elongate and apicad converging elytra with an angularly, but smoothly rounded apex, the small and sharp sutural spine, the probable presence of an apical portion of the elytral humeral spot, a slightly sinuate, transverse medial fascia with an extended and downward directed apical portion, and a slightly transverse basal portion of the apical spot. This is the first record of a tiger beetle in Rovno amber and only a fourth well-preserved Cicindelidae from fossil resins.  

Relationship of swim-bladder shape to the directionality pattern of underwater sound in the oyster toadfish

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Barimo ◽  
Michael L Fine
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
York River ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Source Level ◽  
Oyster Toadfish ◽  
Relationship Of

The swim bladder of the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau, has a distinctive heart shape with two anterior protrusions separated by a midline cleft. The lateral surfaces contain intrinsic muscles that meet at the caudal midline, but the rostromedial surface is muscle-free. We hypothesize that swim-bladder design represents a compromise between opposing tendencies toward (i) an omnidirectional sound source that would optimize a male's opportunity to attract females from any direction, and (ii) a directional sound source that would shield the nearby ears during sound production. To determine if the directionality of toadfish sound is consistent with this hypothesis, boatwhistle advertisement calls of individually identified males were recorded in the York River, Virginia, by means of two calibrated hydrophones and a waterproof recording system: one hydrophone was fixed 1 m in front of the fish and the second was roving. Boatwhistles in the horizontal plane propagated in a modified omnidirectional pattern that was bilaterally symmetrical. The mean sound pressure was 126 dB re: 1 µPa at 0°. The sound pressure level decreased by approximately 1 dB at ±45°, after which levels increased to 180°, averaging 3-6 dB greater behind (mean 130 dB) than directly in front of the fish. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that sound energy is reduced at the fish's ears. The source level and fundamental frequency of the boatwhistle were highly stereotyped, with coefficients of variation averaging less than 1%, and duration was more variable, with a coefficient of variation of 8%. Grunt levels overlapped but were slightly lower than boatwhistle values.

scholarly journals A faunistic survey of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) in Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining riverine ecosystem in Assam, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 17129-17137
Author(s):  
Kushal Choudhury ◽  
Chandan Das ◽  
Amar Deep Soren
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Riverine Ecosystem ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
First Time

A faunistic survey was made to assess the tiger beetle fauna from the Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary and adjacent rivers for the first time from the western part of Assam, India.  A total of 15 species of tiger beetles (subfamily Cicindelinae) belonging to seven genera were recorded from forest, moist and dry riverine ecosystem using an occasional night trap.  Eight species belonging to five genera were recorded from the riverine ecosystem.  Two species, viz., Cylindera spinolae and Calochroa assamensis, were strictly restricted to the forest and Cosmodela virgula was recorded from both forest and riverine areas.  Cylindera (Eugrapha) minuta, Calochroa flavomaculata, and Lophyra (Spilodia) vittigera were collected using a night trap from the forest area.  The study revealed that habitat degradation due to human interference is the major threat to the tiger beetles in the study area.

scholarly journals Catch fast and kill quickly: do tiger beetles use the same strategies when hunting different types of prey?

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rewicz ◽  
Radomir Jaskuła
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Tiger Beetle ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Hunting Success ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Slow Moving

BackgroundTiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) are fast running predatory insects preying on different small insects and other terrestrial arthropods. Prey is located by sight and captured after short and fast pursuit interspersed with pause-and-look behaviour. At least some tiger beetle species can recognise the size and location of prey using memory, which probably allows them to achieve greater hunting success.Material and MethodsTwo eurytopic tiger beetle species known to occur in different types of habitat were used in the study:Cicindela hybrida hybrida, a very common central European beetle found even in artificial habitats such as sandy roads or gravel pits, andCalomera littoralis nemoralis, a species widely distributed in southern European countries and occurring on sandy sea beaches, in salt marshes, as well as on sandy banks of rivers and lakes. Both species are very similar in body size. Specimens used in the study were collected in the field and later tested in the laboratory. We checked whether tiger beetles use different hunting strategies when attacking prey of different sizes and abilities to escape as well as whether the sex of the studied species makes a difference in its hunting behaviour.ResultsThe hunting strategies of both tiger beetle species consist of the following main phases: identification, pursuit (often with stops), attack, and optional release of the prey, and then the secondary attack, abandonment of the prey, or consumption of the prey. Considerable differences were noticed in hunting behaviour depending on the type of prey, its movement ability and escape potential. Caterpillars were attacked without pursuit, in the head or directly behind the head where a concentration of nerves and main muscles responsible for walking are located. Effective attacks on beetles were executed at the connection between the thorax and the abdomen.Calomera littoralisstrongly preferred slow moving prey, whileCicindela hybridapreferred in equal measure slow moving prey and medium-sized fast moving prey. The experiment on the preferred size of prey indicated small beetles and small caterpillars as favoured byCalomera littoralis, whileCicindela hybridapreferred medium-sized fast moving prey and large caterpillars.DiscussionThe hunting behaviour ofCalomera littoralisandCicindela hybridais complicated and includes a number of phases allowing to locate, capture and kill the prey. Beetles are able to discriminate between different types of prey and apply different behavioural tactics to hunt it. As the particular strategies are used to increase hunting success, and as a result allow to accumulate energy for future activity of the predator, it can be expected that such a type of hunting behaviour is characteristic also of other tiger beetle species.

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