scholarly journals Exposure to artificial light at night alters innate immune response in wild great tit nestlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziegler Ann-Kathrin ◽  
Watson Hannah ◽  
Hegemann Arne ◽  
Meitern Richard ◽  
Canoine Virginie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Great Tit ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Immune Challenge ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Dark Night

The large-scale impact of urbanization on wildlife is rather well documented, however the mechanisms underlying the effects of urban environments on animal physiology and behaviour are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on one major urban pollutant - artificial light at night (ALAN) - and its effects on the capacity to mount an innate immune response in wild great tit Parus major nestlings. Exposure to ALAN alters circadian rhythms of physiological processes, by disrupting the nocturnal production of the hormone melatonin. Nestlings were exposed to a light source emitting 3 lux for seven consecutive nights. Subsequently, nestlings were immune-challenged with a lipopolysaccharide injection, and we measured haptoglobin and nitric oxide levels pre- and post-injection. Both haptoglobin and nitric oxide are important markers for innate immune function. We found that ALAN exposure altered the innate immune response, with ALAN nestlings having lower haptoglobin and higher nitric oxide levels after the immune-challenge compared to dark-night nestlings. Unexpectedly, nitric oxide levels were overall, lower after the immune-challenge than before. These effects were likely mediated by melatonin, since ALAN-treated birds had on average 49% lower melatonin levels than the dark-night birds. ALAN exposure did not have any clear effects on nestling growth. This study provides a potential physiological mechanism underlying the documented differences in immune function between urban and rural birds observed in other studies. Moreover, it gives evidence that ALAN exposure affects nestling physiology, potentially causing long-term effects on physiology and behaviour, which ultimately can affect their fitness.

scholarly journals Innate immune response in bovine neutrophils stimulated with Mycoplasma bovis

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Gondaira ◽  
Koji Nishi ◽  
Jumpei Fujiki ◽  
Hidetomo Iwano ◽  
Reina Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Functional Expression ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bovine Neutrophils

AbstractMycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a significant worldwide pathogen of cattle. Neutrophils have an important role in the innate immune response during infection with M. bovis. However, even though neutrophils accumulate in M. bovis infection, the interaction of M. bovis and neutrophils has not been fully elucidated. We attempted to elucidate the innate immune response of neutrophils stimulated with M. bovis and evaluate the transcriptome and functional analysis of bovine neutrophils stimulated with M. bovis. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), which was the most increased gene in transcriptome analysis, were increased in quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of bovine neutrophils stimulated with live or heat-killed M. bovis. Nitric oxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species production of neutrophils stimulated with M. bovis was significantly increased. Neutrophils stimulated with M. bovis showed an increased ratio of nonapoptotic cell death compared to unstimulated controls. We demonstrated that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation was not recognized in neutrophils stimulated with live M. bovis. However, heat-killed M. bovis induced NETs formation. We also showed the interaction with M. bovis and bovine neutrophils regarding proinflammatory cytokine gene expression and functional expression related to NETs formation. Live and killed M. bovis induced innate immune responses in neutrophils and had the potential to induce NETs formation, but live M. bovis escaped NETs.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Innate Humoral Immune Response to Avian Influenza Virus in Wild and Domestic Mallards

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacintha G. B. van Dijk ◽  
Josanne H. Verhagen ◽  
Arne Hegemann ◽  
Conny Tolf ◽  
Jenny Olofsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Humoral Immune

Domestic mallards (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) are traditionally used as a model to investigate infection dynamics and immune responses to low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) in free-living mallards. However, it is unclear whether the immune response of domestic birds reflects the response of their free-living counterparts naturally exposed to these viruses. We investigated the extent to which the innate humoral immune response was similar among (i) wild-type domestic mallards in primary and secondary infection with LPAIV H4N6 in a laboratory setting (laboratory mallards), (ii) wild-type domestic mallards naturally exposed to LPAIVs in a semi-natural setting (sentinel mallards), and (iii) free-living mallards naturally exposed to LPAIVs. We quantified innate humoral immune function by measuring non-specific natural antibodies (agglutination), complement activity (lysis), and the acute phase protein haptoglobin. We demonstrate that complement activity in the first 3 days after LPAIV exposure was higher in primary-exposed laboratory mallards than in sentinel and free-living mallards. LPAIV H4N6 likely activated the complement system and the acute phase response in primary-exposed laboratory mallards, as lysis was higher and haptoglobin lower at day 3 and 7 post-exposure compared to baseline immune function measured prior to exposure. There were no differences observed in natural antibody and haptoglobin concentrations among laboratory, sentinel, and free-living mallards in the first 3 days after LPAIV exposure. Our study demonstrates that, based on the three innate humoral immune parameters measured, domestic mallards seem an appropriate model to investigate innate immunology of their free-living counterparts, albeit the innate immune response of secondary-LPAIV exposed mallards is a better proxy for the innate immune response in pre-exposed free-living mallards than that of immunologically naïve mallards.

scholarly journals Myeloid-Related Proteins Rapidly Modulate Macrophage Nitric Oxide Production during Innate Immune Response

2008 ◽  
Vol 181 (5) ◽  
pp. 3595-3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Pouliot ◽  
Isabelle Plante ◽  
Marie-Astrid Raquil ◽  
Philippe A. Tessier ◽  
Martin Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Oxide Production ◽  
Related Proteins

scholarly journals Spermine Causes Loss of Innate Immune Response toHelicobacter pyloriby Inhibition of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase Translation

2004 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. 2409-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise I. Bussière ◽  
Rupesh Chaturvedi ◽  
Yulan Cheng ◽  
Alain P. Gobert ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

scholarly journals Type 1 Interferon (IFNα/β) and Type 2 Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulate the Innate Immune Response to a Protozoan Parasite

Immunity ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Diefenbach ◽  
Heike Schindler ◽  
Norbert Donhauser ◽  
Elke Lorenz ◽  
Tamás Laskay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Type 1 Interferon ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Oral Immune Activation by Disgust and Disease-Related Pictures

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stevenson ◽  
Deborah Hodgson ◽  
Megan J. Oaten ◽  
Luba Sominsky ◽  
Mehmet Mahmut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Image Set

Abstract. Both disgust and disease-related images appear able to induce an innate immune response but it is unclear whether these effects are independent or rely upon a common shared factor (e.g., disgust or disease-related cognitions). In this study we directly compared these two inductions using specifically generated sets of images. One set was disease-related but evoked little disgust, while the other set was disgust evoking but with less disease-relatedness. These two image sets were then compared to a third set, a negative control condition. Using a wholly within-subject design, participants viewed one image set per week, and provided saliva samples, before and after each viewing occasion, which were later analyzed for innate immune markers. We found that both the disease related and disgust images, relative to the negative control images, were not able to generate an innate immune response. However, secondary analyses revealed innate immune responses in participants with greater propensity to feel disgust following exposure to disease-related and disgusting images. These findings suggest that disgust images relatively free of disease-related themes, and disease-related images relatively free of disgust may be suboptimal cues for generating an innate immune response. Not only may this explain why disgust propensity mediates these effects, it may also imply a common pathway.

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