The Effect of Carbon Dioxide and Certain Respiratory Inhibitors on the Respiration of Larvae of the Horse Bot Fly (Gastrophilus Intestinalis De Geer)

1951 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-202
Author(s):  
L. LEVENBOOK
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Sodium Malonate ◽  
Respiratory Inhibitors ◽  
Bot Fly ◽  
Insect Respiration ◽  
Made In

1. The respiration of the Gastrophilus larva has been investigated using three different manometric methods by which measurements may be made in the presence of carbon dioxide. 2. A new manometric apparatus of simple construction, designed for measurement of insect respiration in the presence or absence of CO2, is described. 3. In the absence of CO2 the respiration of Gastrophilus larvae progressively decreases and they eventually die. A manifestation of the CO2 deficiency is an impaired cell permeability, resulting in leakage of haemoglobin from the tracheal cells into the blood. 4. The respiration of Gastrophilus pupae and Calliphora larvae was not affected by the absence of CO2. 5. Both cyanide and carbon monoxide, but not sodium malonate, inhibited the respiration of Gastrophilus larvae during diapause. 6. The importance of allowing sufficient time for equilibration and settling down in the measurement of insect respiration is demonstrated.

scholarly journals A Review of Specifications for Methods of Measuring Emissions of Air Pollutants and Effluent of Water Pollutants

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Dibelius
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Federal Register ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Made In

The measurement of air pollutants emitted to the atmosphere in exhaust gases from stationary gas turbines must be made in accordance with applicable government specifications in those cases where the measurements are being made to determine compliance with regulations. This paper reviews the methods for measuring opacity, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and particulates. In addition, the paper references the Federal Register (volume, number, and page) in which the official specification appears. Other methods, including ASME, SAE, and ASTM, are listed where applicable.

scholarly journals The Portable Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbons (HC) Gas Detection System in The Car Cabin Uses The MQ-9 and TGS 2610 Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Mochamad Irwan Nari ◽  
Januar Ajie Laksono ◽  
Bachrul Ulum Hidayat ◽  
Ahmad Robiul Awal Udin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
System Output ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Made In

The increase in the number of vehicles especially cars causes the air environment to look polluted. This is caused by vehicle exhaust gases that can affect the level of human health. Harmful gases such as carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) can also enter the car cabin, making people inside feel suffocated and even death. To find out the presence of these gases, a monitoring system prototype is made which is placed in the car cabin. This system consists of input in the form of an MQ-9 sensor and a TGS2610 sensor. The readings of these sensors are processed by Arduino Uno. The system output is made in the form of a buzzer and LCD. Tests carried out on the car cabin area are divided into three, namely front, middle, and rear. The results of the 6 tests show that the smallest percentage of CO errors is 8% in the middle area and HC of 8.7% in the rear area of the car cabin.

scholarly journals Controlled atmosphere GMAW welding of transportation vehicles and production machines parts made from 30MnB5 steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 03001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Ivanayskiy ◽  
Aleksei Ishkov ◽  
Aleksandr Ivanayskiy ◽  
Iakov Ochakovskii
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Reducing Atmosphere ◽  
Metal Composition ◽  
Gmaw Welding ◽  
Welding Materials

The paper studies the influence of shielding gas on the composition and the structure of weld joint metal of 30MnB5 steel applied in essential parts of automobiles and tractors. The welding was performed in inert, oxidizing and reducing atmospheres. It was established that TIG welding with argon used as shielding gas did not provide the required mechanical properties when using conventional welding materials. Carbon dioxide during MAG welding caused partial burning of alloying elements. Carbon monoxide used as shielding gas was proved to form reducing atmosphere enabling to obtain chemical composition close to the base metal composition. Metallographic examinations were carried out. The obtained results provided full-strength weld, as well as the required reliability and durability of welded components and joints.

Low-Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen by Sorption-Enhanced Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Harrison ◽  
Zhiyong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Impurity Level ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Production

Hydrogen is an increasingly important chemical raw material and a probable future primary energy carrier. In many current and anticipated applications the carbon monoxide impurity level must be reduced to low-ppmv levels to avoid poisoning catalysts in downstream processes. Methanation is currently used to remove carbon monoxide in petroleum refining operations while preferential oxidation (PROX) is being developed for carbon monoxide control in fuel cells. Both approaches add an additional step to the multi-step hydrogen production process, and both inevitably result in hydrogen loss. The sorption enhanced process for hydrogen production, in which steam-methane reforming, water-gas shift, and carbon dioxide removal reactions occur simultaneously in the presence of a nickel-based reforming catalyst and a calcium-based carbon dioxide sorbent, is capable of producing high purity hydrogen containing minimal carbon monoxide in a single processing step. The process also has the potential for producing pure CO2 that is suitable for subsequent use or sequestration during the sorbent regeneration step. The current research on sorption-enhanced production of low-carbon monoxide hydrogen is an extension of previous research in this laboratory that proved the feasibility of producing 95+% hydrogen (dry basis), but without concern for the carbon monoxide concentration. This paper describes sorption-enhanced reaction conditions – temperature, feed gas composition, and volumetric feed rate – required to produce 95+% hydrogen containing low carbon monoxide concentrations suitable for direct use in, for example, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

scholarly journals The flame spectrum of carbon monoxide

1940 ◽  
Vol 176 (967) ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Electronic State ◽  
Excited Electronic State ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Band Spectrum ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Triangular Form ◽  
Reduced Pressure

The spectrum of the flame of carbon monoxide burning in air and in oxygen at reduced pressure has been photographed on plates of high contrast which display the band spectrum clearly above the continuous background. Greater detail has been obtained than has been recorded previously and new measurements are given. The structure of the spectrum has been studied systematically. It is shown that the bands occur in pairs with a separation of about 60 cm. -1 , this separation being due probably to the rotational structure. Various wave-number differences are found to occur frequently, and many of the strong bands are arranged in arrays using intervals of 565 and 2065 cm. -1 . The possible origin of the spectrum is discussed. The choice of emitter is limited to a polyatomic oxide of carbon, of which carbon dioxide is the most likely. The spectrum of the suboxide C 3 O 2 shows some resemblance to the flame bands, but this molecule is improbable as the emitter on other grounds. A peroxide C0 3 is also a possibility, but no evidence for the presence of this has been obtained from experiments on the slow combustion of carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide in gaseous or liquid form is transparent through the visible and quartz ultra-violet, and the flame bands are not obtained from CO 2 in discharge tubes. Comparison with the Schumann-Runge bands of oxygen shows that it is possible that the flame bands may form part of the absorption band system of CO 2 which is known to exist below 1700 A if there is a big change in shape or size of the molecule in the two electronic states. The electronic energy levels of CO 2 are discussed. Since normal CO 2 is not built up from normal CO and oxygen, an electronic rearrangement of the CO 2 must occur after the combustion process. Mulliken has suggested that the molecule in the first excited electronic state, corresponding to absorption below 1700 A, may have a triangular form. The frequencies obtained from the flame bands are compared with the infra-red frequencies of CO 2 . The 565 interval may be identified with the transverse vibration v 2 , indicating that the excited electronic state is probably triangular in shape. The 2065 interval cannot, however, be identified with the asymmetric vibration v 3 with any certainty. If the excited electronic state of CO 2 is triangular, then molecules formed during the combustion by transitions from this level to the ground state may be “vibrationally activated”. This is probably the reason for many of the peculiarities of the combustion of carbon monoxide.

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