Development of a new lumped-parameter model for vehicle side-impact safety simulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (10) ◽  
pp. 1793-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Deb ◽  
K C Srinivas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Lumped Masses

The current paper describes a simple and yet comprehensive lumped-parameter model (LPM) for simulating the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) side-impact safety tests for passenger vehicles. The LPM includes new lumped masses, not previously reported in a single multibody model, for key vehicle side-structure systems identified with the help of an energy-based study conducted using explicit finite element analysis of two passenger vehicles. In addition to the vehicle side structure, lumped masses for the NHTSA side-impact barrier and ‘rest of vehicle’, the latter implying the mass of the vehicle minus the combined mass of the side-structure subsystems considered in the LPM, have been incorporated so that the total mass of the system corresponds to that of an actual vehicle—barrier system in a NHTSA side-impact test (Lateral Impact New Car Assessment Program (LINCAP) or FMVSS 214). The lumped masses are interconnected with elastic—plastic springs. A unique feature of the present model is the inclusion of two lumped side-impact dummies for obtaining predictions of the front and rear (thoracic trauma index (TTI)). The validity of the present LPM is established by performing LS-DYNA-based LINCAP simulations of two real-world vehicles, namely the Dodge Neon and Dodge Intrepid, and obtaining a reasonably good correlation of the computed structural and occupant responses as well as TTI (front and rear) with the corresponding test results reported by the NHTSA.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Airbag and Study on the Effect of Airbag Parameters on Head Injury Criteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1666
Author(s):  
Aakash R
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Occupant Safety ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Abstract: In the case of an accident, inflatable restraints system plays a critical role in ensuring the safety of vehicle occupants. Frontal airbags have saved 44,869 lives, according to research conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA).Finite element analysis is extremely important in the research and development of airbags in order to ensure optimum protection for occupant. In this work, we simulate a head impact test with a deploying airbag and investigate the airbag's parameters. The airbag's performance is directly influenced by the parameters of the cushion such as vent area and fabric elasticity. The FEM model is analysed to investigate the influence of airbag parameter, and the findings are utilised to determine an optimal value that may be employed in the construction of better occupant safety systems. Keywords: airbag, finite element method, occupant safety, frontal airbag, vent size, fabric elasticity, head injury criteria

Results of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Thoracic Side Impact Protection Research Program

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hackney ◽  
Michael W. Monk ◽  
William T. Hollowell ◽  
Lisa K. Sullivan ◽  
Donald T. Willke
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Impact Protection

Passenger Seat Belt Usage Rates on Shuttle Buses

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1674-1678
Author(s):  
Caroline Crump ◽  
Robyn Brinkerhoff ◽  
Douglas Young
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Final Rule ◽  
Seat Belt Use

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recently published a final rule requiring lap/shoulder seat belts in all new large motorcoaches and buses manufactured on or after November 28, 2016 (NHTSA, 2013). Studies of vehicle belt use in passenger vehicles demonstrate that many factors other than availability influence whether a seat belt is used by an individual in a particular circumstance. The present observational study examined passenger seat belt use in airport shuttle buses traveling short distances over urban roads with frequent stops, in four U.S. cities. Seat belts were used very rarely when provided - only 1% (2 out of 156) of passengers buckled up. These findings are consistent with other studies of passenger seat belt use in motorcoach buses, and suggest that without concomitant legislation mandating and enforcing seat belt usage, the vast majority of bus passengers are unlikely to use seat belts even when provided.

Study of Occupant Safety and Airbag Deployment Time

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Yang ◽  
Kristian Lardner ◽  
Moustafa El-Gindy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Airbag Deployment ◽  
Deployment Time

This paper presents the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software in recreating a full frontal barrier impact test with a 50th percentile male hybrid III dummy to investigate various passenger vehicle airbag deployment times for the development of an airbag trigger sensor. Results for the physical full frontal barrier impact test where prepared by MGA Research Corporation with a 2007 Toyota Yaris. Using a nonlinear transient dynamic FEA software, a virtual full frontal barrier impact test was created to reproduce the physical results and trends experienced in the physical crash test found in a report by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) 5677. The results of the simulation were compared to the results of the physical crash which produced similar trends, but not the same values. The simulation was then used in testing different passenger vehicle airbag deployment times to see its results on specific occupant injury criteria’s; Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Chest Compression Criterion (CC). Four different vehicle speeds where used; 20 km/h, 40 km/h, 56 km/h, and 90 km/h in conjunction with a range of +/− 6 milliseconds in the airbag deployment timing. Results of the airbag deployment timing showed that trends of faster airbag deployment times resulted in lower values for HIC and CC. Following these trends, suggestions for airbag deployment trigger distances were developed to aid in creation of an advanced airbag deployment sensor or crash sensor. While the simulation has yet to be validated, the trends may be assessed and actual values may differ.

Side Impact Pediatric Injury Studies

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Sances ◽  
John Harcourt ◽  
Srirangam Kumaresan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Side Impact ◽  
Vehicle Safety ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Pediatric Injury ◽  
Side Impacts ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Impact Injury

Abstract Side impact injury and intrusion has been studied for many decades. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) side impacts account for 30% of all fatalities and 34% of all serious injuries to passenger car occupants [1,2]. A discussion of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 214 on the impactor, impacted vehicle and occupant motion is reported [3].

Tire Pressure Monitoring System Sensor Radio Frequency Measurements for Privacy Concerns

2017 ◽  
Vol 2643 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Sterne ◽  
Joseph M. Ernst ◽  
Deirdre K. Kilcoyne ◽  
Alan J. Michaels ◽  
Geffrey Moy
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Passenger Vehicles

Since the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration mandated the incorporation of tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMSs) in all newly produced passenger vehicles, most vehicle manufacturers have adopted direct pressure measurement. Direct TPMS sensors embedded in each tire require a wireless radio frequency (RF) communications link that broadcasts tire status to the vehicle once per minute from each tire when at speed. Each TPMS message communicates benign information that includes pressure and temperature as well as a static unique identifier that may be exploited, which raises concerns about privacy and spoofing. To focus on concerns related to the TPMS-RF interface, vehicle motion simulations were integrated with live propagation modeling measurements from three classes of passenger vehicles: subcompact car, full-size sedan, and full-size pickup. The RF link and channel models for this TPMS interface with the vehicle resulted in surprisingly long ranges away from the vehicle for the radiation of the unique identifiers. A TPMS sensor redesign could use the proposed RF channel propagation measurements to change the directions of signal propagation while reducing battery consumption by the TPMS sensor (which is affected primarily by RF transmission).

A Commented Synopsis of the Report of the Committee for the National Tire Efficiency Study4

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-93
Author(s):  
Marion G. Pottinger ◽  
Joseph D. Walter ◽  
John D. Eagleburger
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Scrap Tire ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Time Required

Abstract The Congress of the United States petitioned the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences to study replacement passenger car tire rolling resistance in 2005 with funding from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The study was initiated to assess the potential for reduction in replacement tire rolling resistance to yield fuel savings. The time required to realize these savings is less than the time required for automotive and light truck fleet replacement. Congress recognized that other factors besides fuel savings had to be considered if the committee’s advice was to be a reasonable guide for public policy. Therefore, the study simultaneously considered the effect of potential rolling resistance reductions in replacement tires on fuel consumption, wear life, scrap tire generation, traffic safety, and consumer spending for tires and fuel. This paper summarizes the committee’s report issued in 2006. The authors, who were members of the multidisciplinary committee, also provide comments regarding technical difficulties encountered in the committee’s work and ideas for alleviating these difficulties in further studies of this kind. The authors’ comments are clearly differentiated so that these comments will not be confused with findings, conclusions, and recommendations developed by the committee and contained in its final report.

Distribution of Speed and Acceleration on a Tread Wear Course

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Ludwig ◽  
F. C. Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
Level Crossings ◽  
Acceleration Level ◽  
Longitudinal Acceleration ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
National Highway

Abstract Belted bias and radial Course Monitoring Tires were run over the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration tread wear course at San Angelo on a vehicle instrumented to measure lateral and longitudinal accelerations, speed, and number of wheel rotations. The data were recorded as histograms. The distribution of speed, the distributions of lateral and longitudinal acceleration, and the number of acceleration level crossings are given. Acceleration data for segments of the course are also given.

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