An international comparison of urban rail boarding and alighting rates

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
N G Harris ◽  
R J Anderson
Keyword(s):  
International Comparison ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Demand Planning ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Passenger Demand ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
The World ◽  
Parameter Values

Although there is considerable engineering and demand planning analysis in the development of urban railways around the world, less attention is paid to the understanding of key operating conditions such as station stop times. The current paper takes forward research by London Underground, and shows that it is applicable to situations around the world without substantial changes in parameter values or the resulting passenger flow rates. Where passenger flow is substantially different, this can generally be explained by particular differences in the physical characteristics of the site, rolling stock, or passenger demand.

scholarly journals Linear asynchronous traction drive in urban rail and maglev transport systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Nikitin ◽  
Vladimir M. Strepetov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Edge Effect ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Longitudinal Edge ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The development of transport infrastructure of large cities with high population density and development should be carried out on the basis of innovative technical solutions, that allow to simplify the conditions of laying of tracks, reduce the cost of construction, reduce noise, provide comfort to passengers and reduce the cost of operating rolling stock. One such solution, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by foreign experience, is the use of linear asynchronous traction drive (LATD) in urban rail and maglev transport systems. This, in particular, allows to increase the allowable value of slope paths to 6065, reduce the vertical dimensions of rolling stock to 3.15 m, reduce the diameter of the tunnel by 2530%. The release of the wheel pair from the function of the implementation of traction effort makes it possible to apply on the wagons the articulated semi-frames of trolleys, that ensures better rolling stock in curves, and as a result - less wear of wheels and rails and less noise. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of LATD compared to the traction drive of traditional execution, considers variants of constructive performance of linear induction motors (LIM), processes of electromechanical energy conversion in LIM, the option of building a LATD control system is presented. The article examines the flat LIM, which have found use in the transport systems of major cities in Asia and America. The processes of energy conversion in LIM are distinguished by the presence of a longitudinal edge effect, which determines the distortion of the resulting magnetic field, which is manifested in the reduction of induction and the displacement of the peak of the induction distribution curve to the escaping edge of the inductor. This effect is particularly manifested in high-speed LIMs with high quality. When the linearity of the magnetic environment is allowed, the resulting electromagnetic force of the LIM can be considered as the sum of electromagnetic forces created by the main field, as well as the direct and reverse fields of the longitudinal edge effect. The edge effects reduce efficiency and power ratio of LIM. The article discusses ways to compensate for the edge effects, as well as an overview of the world experience of the use of LATD in rail and maglev transport systems. The advantages of LATD and the world experience of its use suggest that for urban transport systems at speeds of up to 100-120 km/h this drive can be a real competition to traditional urban rail systems.

Passenger demand oriented train scheduling and rolling stock circulation planning for an urban rail transit line

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 193-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yihui Wang ◽  
Andrea D’Ariano ◽  
Jiateng Yin ◽  
Lingyun Meng ◽  
Tao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Train Scheduling ◽  
Passenger Demand ◽  
Urban Rail

scholarly journals ПОВЫШЕНИЕ КОРРОЗИОННОЙ СТОЙКОСТИ ДЕТАЛЕЙ КУЗОВА МИКРОАВТОБУСОВ СЕМЕЙСТВА “ГАЗЕЛЬ”

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
G.S. Chibukhchyan
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
The World

The automotive industry makes a significant contribution to the global economic production. Its annual turnover is comparable to the sixth largest economy in the world. The automotive industry accounts for about 5% of the world Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The automotive industry has a powerful multiplier effect and stimulates the development of a number of other industries. Automotive products account for about half of the world's oil consumption, half of the rubber produced, 25% of glass and about 15% of steel. Note that the size and structure of the automotive market often act as indicators of the level of economic development, and its state quickly and accurately reflects the changes taking place in the world economy.0 The average service life of a car is up to 15-20 years, depending on many factors. The service life is significantly reduced when the car is exposed to aggressive operating conditions. Most often, the car fails due to corrosion damage (corrosion) of its parts: the body, pipelines, elements of brake systems, frames and other important components. The damage caused to humanity by corrosion is enormous. According to various sources, corrosion "eats" from 10 to 25% of the world's iron production. As a result of corrosion of the load-bearing and critical elements of the rolling stock of road transport, reliability and performance, passive safety and road safety are sharply reduced, which requires the use of new effective means and methods to increase the corrosion resistance of critical parts and components of the car. One of the effective solutions to improve the anti - corrosion properties is the application of an insulating coating on the surface of the metal, which can significantly reduce the rate of its corrosion. However, it is necessary to take into account the economic component and the complexity of the technological process. For minibuses of the “GAZEL” family operated in Yerevan, it is of particular importance to increase the corrosion resistance of parts and load-bearing elements of the body.

Nitrogen Removal from Anaerobically-Treated Leachate

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
D. Prasad ◽  
J.G. Henry ◽  
P. Elefsiniotis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ammonia Desorption ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of diffused aeration for the removal of ammonia from the effluent of an anaerobic filter treating leachate. The effects of pH, temperature and air flow on the process were studied. The coefficient of desorption of ammonia, KD for the anaerobic filter effluent (TKN 75 mg/L with NH3-N 88%) was determined at pH values of 9, 10 and 11, temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 35°C, and air flow rates of 50, 120, and 190 cm3/sec/L. Results indicated that nitrogen removal from the effluent of anaerobic filters by ammonia desorption was feasible. Removals exceeding 90% were obtained with 8 hours aeration at pH of 10, a temperature of 20°C, and an air flow rate of 190 cm3/sec/L. Ammonia desorption coefficients, KD, determined at other temperatures and air flow rates can be used to predict ammonia removals under a wide range of operating conditions.

scholarly journals Critical Review of EMC Standards for the Measurement of Radiated Electromagnetic Emissions from Transit Line and Rolling Stock

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Andrea Mariscotti
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Statistical Characterization ◽  
Electromagnetic Emissions

Accurate and comprehensive methods for the assessment of radiated electromagnetic emissions in modern electric transportation systems are a necessity. The characteristics and susceptibility of modern victim signaling and communication radio services, operating within and outside the right-of-way, require an update of the measurement methods integrating or replacing the swept frequency technique with time domain approaches. Applicable standards are the EN 50121 (equivalent to the IEC 62236) and Urban Mass Transport Association (UMTA) with additional specifications from project contracts. This work discusses the standardized methods and settings, and the representative operating conditions, highlighting areas where improvements are possible and opportune (statistical characterization of measurement results, identification and distinction of emissions and line resonances, and narrowband and broadband phenomena). In particular for the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) assessment with new Digital Communication Systems, the characterization of time distribution of spectral properties is discussed, e.g., by means of Amplitude Probability Distribution and including time distribution information. The problem of determination of site and setup uncertainty and repeatability is also discussed, observing on one hand the lack of clear indications in standards and, on the other hand, the non-ideality and intrinsic variability of measurement conditions (e.g., rolling stock operating conditions, synchronization issues, and electric arc intermittence).

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Network for Crowd Counting on Metro Platforms

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Jiaze Liu ◽  
Zhizhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Crowd Counting ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Density Map ◽  
Flow Detection

Owing to the increased use of urban rail transit, the flow of passengers on metro platforms tends to increase sharply during peak periods. Monitoring passenger flow in such areas is important for security-related reasons. In this paper, in order to solve the problem of metro platform passenger flow detection, we propose a CNN (convolutional neural network)-based network called the MP (metro platform)-CNN to accurately count people on metro platforms. The proposed method is composed of three major components: a group of convolutional neural networks is used on the front end to extract image features, a multiscale feature extraction module is used to enhance multiscale features, and transposed convolution is used for upsampling to generate a high-quality density map. Currently, existing crowd-counting datasets do not adequately cover all of the challenging situations considered in this study. Therefore, we collected images from surveillance videos of a metro platform to form a dataset containing 627 images, with 9243 annotated heads. The results of the extensive experiments showed that our method performed well on the self-built dataset and the estimation error was minimum. Moreover, the proposed method could compete with other methods on four standard crowd-counting datasets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document