An Automated Technique for in Vitro Assessment of the Susceptibility of Urinary Catheter Materials to Encrustation

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Cox ◽  
D W L Hukins ◽  
K E Davies ◽  
J C Irlam ◽  
T M Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Reaction Vessel ◽  
Indwelling Catheters ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Infected Urine ◽  
Automated Technique

An automated technique has been developed for assessing the extent to which existing or potential materials for the construction of indwelling catheters become encrusted during exposure to infected urine. In this technique the enzyme urease is added to artificial urine containing albumin in a reaction vessel which contains the samples to be tested. Controlled replacement of reactants leads to appreciable formation of encrusting deposits which adhere firmly to the surface of the test samples. Deposits have the same chemical composition as those which encrust catheters in vivo.

A modified semi-automated technique for in vitro assessment of encrustation of materials

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gepi-Attee ◽  
R C L Feneley
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrography ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Infected Urine ◽  
Automated Technique ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Edx Microanalysis

In vitro study of encrustation is an important part of assessment of materials as potential alloplasts or devices in the urinary tract. This modified semi-automated technique comprises a circular reaction chamber with an encrustation mixture, the level of which is controlled by a float switch which operates the exit peristaltic pump. The composition of the reactants used simulates infected urine with alkaline pH. Results of a preliminary study of the deposits by scanning electron micrography (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis are consistent with struvite and hydroxyapatite, similar to the main minerals deposited on urinary catheters. It is a relatively simple, effective and inexpensive set-up for study of encrustation on materials.

Protective Effect of Boswellic Resin Against Memory Loss and Alzheimer’s Induced by Aluminum Tetrachloride and D-Galactose (Experimental study in Mice)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zerrouki ◽  
N. Djebli ◽  
L. Gadouche ◽  
I. Erdogan Orhan ◽  
F. SezerSenol Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Octyl Acetate

Nowadays, because of the industrialization, a lot of contaminant were available ; the consequences of this availability are apparition of diseases including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain comprise a variety of disorders that affect an increasing percentage of the population. This study is based on the effect of the Boswellic resin, which is from a medicinal plant and known for its antioxidant effects on nerve cell damage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of the Boswellic resin on anticholinesterase activity and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) induced by D-galactose and aluminum tetrachloride in Swiss mice. Chemical composition of the resin essential oil was identified by the CG-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was also assessed by the DMPD and metal chelation methods. In order to understand the mechanism of memory improvement, the acetylcholinesterase, AChE, and butyrylcholinesterase, BChE, inhibitory assays were performed. In vivo part of the study was achieved on Swiss mice divided into four groups: control, AD model, treated AD, and treated control group. The identification of chemical composition by CG-MS reach the 89.67% of the total extract compounds presented some very important molecules (p-Cymene, n-Octyl acetate, α-Pinene…). The present study proves that Boswellic resin improves memory and learning in treated Alzheimer’s group, modulates the oxidative stress and be involved in the protective effect against amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration, and stimulates the immune system in mice’s brain.

In vitro assessment of food-derived-glucose bioaccessibility and bioavailability in bicameral cell culture system

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Cansu Ozel-Tasci ◽  
Gozde Pilatin ◽  
Ozgur Edeer ◽  
Sukru Gulec
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

AbstractBackgroundFunctional foods can help prevent metabolic diseases, and it is essential to evaluate functional characteristics of foods through in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches.ObjectiveWe aimed to use the bicameral cell culture system combined with the in vitro digestion to evaluate glucose bioavailability.Materials and methodsCake, almond paste, and pudding were modified by adding fiber and replacing sugar with sweeteners and polyols. Digestion process was modeled in test tubes. Rat enterocyte cells (IEC-6) were grown in a bicameral cell culture system to mimic the physiological characteristics of the human intestine. The glucose bioaccessibility and cellular glucose efflux were measured by glucose oxidase assay.Results and discussionThe glucose bioaccessibilities of modified foods were significantly lower (cake: 2.6 fold, almond paste: 9.2 fold, pudding 2.8 fold) than the controls. Cellular glucose effluxes also decreased in the modified cake, almond paste, and pudding by 2.2, 4, and 2 fold respectively compared to their controls.ConclusionOur results suggest that combining in vitro enzymatic digestion with cell culture studies can be a practical way to test in vitro glucose bioaccessibility and bioavailability in functional food development.

In Vivo Retrieval of a Trapped Merci Embolectomy Device: Technical Case Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. onsE304-onsE304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeet Gordhan ◽  
John Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Artery ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Vessel Injury ◽  
Artery Segment ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Artery Flow

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: This technical note describes a complication related to the use of the Merci embolectomy device not previously reported. The device can induce critical flow limitation within an accessed vessel because of a combination of vasospasm and anatomic conformational changes. Furthermore, this can limit the safe removal of the device from intracranial vasculature. We present a novel rescue technique that can be used to safely retrieve the entrapped Merci device without inciting localized vessel injury. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old male with embolic occlusion of the distal basilar artery and dissection-related occlusion of the left cervical vertebral underwent mechanical thrombolysis. Flow-limiting vasospasm and/or anatomic conformational changes/ telescoping of the intracranial right vertebral artery segment was induced during deployment with subsequent entrapment of the device. Reclamation of the entrapped device was performed by initially removing the Merci microcatheter. The entrapped and fixated device was then resheathed into a 4F slip catheter within the intracranial vertebral artery. The Merci device and the slip catheter were then removed. Right vertebral and proximal basilar artery flow was reestablished after removal of the Merci device. Successful clot extraction was thereafter performed using a microsnare. CONCLUSION: In vitro assessment of the device has demonstrated its propensity to induce vasospasm. In vivo entrapment of the device has not been previously reported. Successful retrieval can be achieved if the Merci device becomes entrapped and fixated. This may be an important consideration as increased utilization of the device occurs.

In Vitro Assessment of in Vivo Damage to the Barrier Properties of Pig Skin Caused by a Complex Mixture

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara W. Kemppainen ◽  
Pramod Terse ◽  
M. S. Madhyastha ◽  
S. D. Lenz ◽  
W. G. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Pig Skin ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

In Vivo and In Vitro Assessment of Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity

1988 ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Hewitt ◽  
P. J. Bugelski ◽  
A. C. Silver ◽  
A. Klinkner ◽  
D. G. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Assessment

Characterization of a new blackberry cultivar BRS Xingu: Chemical composition, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 126783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora P. Moraes ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
Marina L. Machado ◽  
Márcia Vizzotto ◽  
Micheli Lazzaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity

scholarly journals Fruit Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds: Sustainable Production of High Value-Added Ingredients from By-Products within Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis ◽  
Moura ◽  
Kabbas Junior ◽  
Pap ◽  
Mattila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds

The circular economy is an umbrella concept that applies different mechanisms aiming to minimize waste generation, thus decoupling economic growth from natural resources. Each year, an estimated one-third of all food produced is wasted; this is equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food, which is worth around US$1 trillion or even $2.6 trillion when social and economic costs are included. In the fruit and vegetable sector, 45% of the total produced amount is lost in the production (post-harvest, processing, and distribution) and consumption chains. Therefore, it is necessary to find new technological and environmentally friendly solutions to utilize fruit wastes as new raw materials to develop and scale up the production of high value-added products and ingredients. Considering that the production and consumption of fruits has increased in the last years and following the need to find the sustainable use of different fruit side streams, this work aimed to describe the chemical composition and bioactivity of different fruit seeds consumed worldwide. A comprehensive focus is given on the extraction techniques of water-soluble and lipophilic compounds and in vitro/in vivo functionalities, and the link between chemical composition and observed activity is holistically explained.

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