Commercial Arrangements for Co-Generation in the UK and USA

1987 ◽  
Vol 201 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
D L Tolley ◽  
G J Fowler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) in the United States and the Energy Act 1983 in the United Kingdom on the nature of the purchase tariffs for co-generators and combined heat and power (CHP) plant, and considers the reasons why the prospects for investment by private generators might be enhanced in the United States.

scholarly journals Do Environmental Stringency Policies and Human Development Reduce CO2 Emissions? Evidence from G7 and BRICS Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6727
Author(s):  
Funda Hatice Sezgin ◽  
Yilmaz Bayar ◽  
Laura Herta ◽  
Marius Dan Gavriletea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of environmental policies and human development on the CO2 emissions for the period of 1995–2015 in the Group of Seven and BRICS economies in the long run through panel cointegration and causality tests. The causality analysis revealed a bilateral causality between environmental stringency policies and CO2 emissions for Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and a unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to the environmental stringency policies for Canada, China, and France. On the other hand, the analysis showed a bilateral causality between human development and CO2 emissions for Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, and unilateral causality from CO2 emissions to human development in Brazil, Canada, China, and France. Furthermore, the cointegration analysis indicated that both environmental stringency policies and human development had a decreasing impact on the CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Survey Of Capital Investment Decision Practices In The United States And The United Kingdom

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Klammer ◽  
Neil Wilner ◽  
Jan Smolarski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Comparative Survey ◽  
The Uk

Capital expenditures can be crucial to firms long-term success, especially in a complex global environment. As companies increasingly compete in the global market place, it is important to study project evaluation processes from an international perspective. Capital investments involve substantial monetary commitments and risks that affect long-term firm profitability and influence capital allocation decisions in the future. Survey research in the area of capital expenditure analysis has been extensively done in both the United States [US] and the United Kingdom [UK]. This research is the first comparative survey of practices in both countries that we are aware of. A direct comparison of the use of project evaluation, management science, and risk management techniques in the two countries is made. The survey instrument used is an adaptation of the Klammer [1970] instrument that has been used repeatedly in surveys of American firms. This is the first time that it has been applied to British firms. The use of a common instrument allows for more meaningful comparisons. The samples consisted of 127 American and 59 British firms with sales of at least $100 million and capital expenditures of at least $10 million. Preliminary results indicate a continued extensive use of discounted cash flow techniques by US firms. Techniques such as payback or urgency continue to be used, but to a lesser degree than discounting. Firms in the UK also make extensive use of discounting but do so to a lesser degree than their American counterparts. Payback is widely used in the UK. Risk management techniques are widely used in both countries, with sensitivity analysis being the most popular technique in both countries. Extensive use of technical and administrative procedures, such as detailed budgets, standardized forms and post-audits, are evidenced in both countries. The paper offers reasons that have to do with organizational structure and form, as well as market differences, to explain our results.

Mainstream Trends and Masterpiece Traditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva N. Redvall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soap Opera ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Television Drama ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Form ◽  
The Uk

The chapter explores the successful meeting of “mainstream trends” and “masterpiece traditions” in the commissioning and production of Downton Abbey (2010–2015), and the way in which this “postheritage drama” marks a significant transatlantic encounter between different broadcasting cultures and storytelling traditions. Drawing on recent research on the special relationship between the United Kingdom and the United States in television drama, the analysis first details how this period drama became a collaboration between the commercial UK broadcaster ITV and the American PBS station WGBH and its Masterpiece series. The chapter then investigates how the long-form narrative with soap opera elements was designed to tap into the UK tradition of heritage drama, while drawing on the speed and storytelling style of US television series. The chapter closes with a discussion of Downton Abbey’s production story in relation to the series’ remarkable popularity in the United Kingdom, the United States, and beyond.

Expanded Function Orthodontic Auxiliaries; a Proposal for their Introduction in the UK

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. O'Brien ◽  
W. C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Treatment Provision ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cost

The role of dental and orthodontic auxiliaries in Europe and the United States is reviewed, and the advantages of their employment in the United Kingdom are discussed in terms of increasing the cost-effectiveness of orthodontic treatment provision. A three-stage programme for the evaluation of Orthodontic Auxiliaries in the UK is proposed.

scholarly journals Clinical Ethics Committees in the United Kingdom: Towards Evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Williamson ◽  
Sheila McLean ◽  
Judith Connell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk

In the United Kingdom there is a growing conviction that CECs have an important role to play in helping health care professionals address ethical dilemmas. For example, the Royal College of Physicians, the Nuffield Trust and the unofficial Clinical Ethics Network, which has received financial support from the Department of Health, commend the use of CECs in the UK. The growth of such committees has been influenced by the legal and policy support they have received in the United States. However, there is increasing concern about both the benefits and the quality of work produced by CECs. In addition, despite the rapid increase in the number of CECs in the UK, outside of the United States they remain under-researched and no formal mechanism exists to assess their performance. As a result we know little about the structure, function, impact and effectiveness of CECs. We are currently conducting a research project funded by the Wellcome Trust that seeks to interrogate the competing claims regarding the benefits and disbenefits of CECs. This initial account of our research provides a detailed analysis of theoretical issues that surround the development and use of CECs and points towards the questions that lie at the heart of the social science strand of our project.

scholarly journals America, Brexit and the security of Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyn Rees
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Security Relationship ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

The Obama administration played a surprisingly interventionist role in the UK referendum on membership of the European Union (EU), arguing that a vote to leave would damage European security. Yet this article contends that US attitudes towards the EU as a security actor, and the part played within it by the United Kingdom, have been much more complex than the United States has sought to portray. While it has spoken the language of partnership, it has acted as if the EU has been a problem for US policy. The United Kingdom was used as part of the mechanism for managing that problem. In doing so, America contributed, albeit inadvertently, to the Brexit result. With the aid of contrasting theoretical perspectives from Realism and Institutionalism, this article explores how America’s security relationship with the United Kingdom has helped to engineer a security situation that the United States wanted to avoid.

scholarly journals Standards on transparency of publicly listed corporations: Information owed to the public?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrij Euler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Listed Corporation

The paper is about domestic laws’ response to the greater need of publicly listed corporation to be accountable to the public in accordance with international law. The paper is dedicated to the transparency of multinational corporations listed and incorporated in Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States and Switzerland. Under these applicable laws, transparency of publicly listed corporations has significantly changed in the last decade. Some countries oblige corporations to disclose non-financial and financial information immediately; others merely require periodic reporting of financial information. In particular, the connection between Impact Investor, an investor that invests based on social or environmental criteria in addition to the financial performance, and the investment target, publicly listed corporations contributed to some change. The applicable law provides a minimum standard of transparency. This minimum standard defines how the reasonable investor invests in the publicly listed corporation. Depending on this standard, the responsibility owed by the publicly listed corporation extends from the shareholder, several stakeholders to the public. Reasons for these differences lie in the greater accountability of publicly listed corporations from shareholders, to stakeholders or even the public. The OECD’s different standard on Corporate Governance, the Ruggie principles and other recommendations of non-governmental organisations (NGO) keep shaping the accountability under the applicable law. These standards provide guidance to corporations to voluntarily implement greater responsibilities beyond the minimum standard in the form of Corporate Governance. However, once publicly listed corporations implement these standards, the applicable law seem to not adequately impose duties on publicly listed corporations to disclose the information under its self-imposed standard to stakeholders or even the public. The paper researches the problem of transparency of publicly listed corporations in European Union, in particular Germany and the United Kingdom, as well as the United States and Switzerland wither regard to impact investors. Its hypotheses is that the applicable law lacks clear wording that transfers voluntary standards into binding law. The paper will not focus on obligations of corporation established under contracts with groups of shareholders. It will also not focus on stock market programmes to audit corporations based on environmental and social criteria. The paper excludes inter partes obligations because they give the contracting party merely a right to rely on the disclosure. The paper will also not look at methods for evaluation of non-financial information with regard to publicly listed corporations.

scholarly journals The Cause of Auditing Expectation Gap

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Gao Mengyan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Expectation Gap

Previous literature show that auditors and the public have different understandings and beliefs about the auditor’s responsibilities. The public’s expectation of statutory audit may exceed the responsibility required by the auditing standard, which leads to the audit expectation gap. Since the 1980s, there are more and more criticisms on statutory auditors especially after the appearance of some auditing fraud such as Enron case in the United States and Maxwell’s case in the United Kingdom. The misunderstanding from the public makes the auditor face more and more challenges. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the components of the gap, and discuss the main reasons based on the existing literature and cases. This paper makes a critical evaluation of the audit expectation gap from three parts: performance gap, standard gap, and reasonableness gap, respectively.

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