Significant Effects of Anion in Aqueous Reactant Solution on Photocatalytic O2Evolution and Fe(III) Reduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 846-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugo Miseki ◽  
Hitoshi Kusama ◽  
Hideki Sugihara ◽  
Kazuhiro Sayama
Keyword(s):  
Reactant Solution

Production of Nanostructures Under Ultraturbulent Collision Reaction Conditions - Application to Catalysts, Superconductors, CMP Abrasives, Ceramics, and Other Nanoparticles

2003 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwin J. Gruverman ◽  
Jeffrey R. Thumm
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Direct Precipitation ◽  
Reaction Region ◽  
The One ◽  
Continuous Chemical ◽  
Interaction Chamber ◽  
Reactant Solution

AbstractThe development, operation and applications of a novel continuous chemical reactor system are described. The system, known as a Multiple Stream Mixer/Reactor (or MMR), produces nanoparticles by direct precipitation from two or more reactant solution streams in an extreme energy density, ultraturbulent, collision reaction region. Sensors and a control system are employed to assure constant mixing conditions and desired stoichiometry in the reaction region. The interaction chamber is designed to allow macro-, meso- and micromixing during processing. This allows control of product purity, yield, size, size distribution, and phase purity. Typical nanoparticle diameters in the one to ten nanometer range are often achievable, with tight size distribution. The MMR can be scaled from development quantities to tons/hour for production applications.

Morphology Control of LiMnPO4 Cathodes by a Careful Choice of Additives

2013 ◽  
Vol 1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Cuong Dinh ◽  
Sun-il Mho ◽  
Yongku Kang ◽  
In-Hyeong Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Morphology Control ◽  
Careful Choice ◽  
Polymer Surfactant ◽  
Reactant Solution

ABSTRACTLiMnPO4 cathode materials of various sizes and shapes are synthesized by a hydrothermal method. In order to control the morphology of the LiMnPO4 particles, a nonionic surfactant or a cationic surfactant has employed as a key additive to the reactant solution. LiMnPO4 nanoparticles of grain-shape and rod-shape can be made with sizes between about 100 and 300 nm by adding a nonionic large polymer surfactant. Micrometer-sized LiMnPO4 particles of cuboid shape result from the reaction with a cationic surfactant. LiMnPO4 spheres of about 20 μm diameter are produced when no surfactant is added. The cathode composed of nanocrystalline (about 100 nm size) LiMnPO4 exhibited the best performance with the specific capacity of 153 mAhg-1 for the first battery cycle.

Feedback Reactor with Continuous Injection of One Reaction Component with Potentiometric Indication

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1385-1392
Author(s):  
František Skopal
Keyword(s):  
Time Dependence ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Potential Constant ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Reaction Component ◽  
Reactant Solution

The time dependence of the volume of one reactant solution injected into the other was derived. The injection is feedback-controlled to hold the reaction mixture potential constant. The theoretical relations were tested in a feedback reactor on two second-order reactions.

scholarly journals Directional coupling in spatially distributed nanoreactors

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (69) ◽  
pp. 40745-40749
Author(s):  
Nirmali Prabha Das ◽  
Dorina G. Dobó ◽  
Dániel Berkesi ◽  
Ákos Kukovecz ◽  
Dezső Horváth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Directional Coupling ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Reactant Solution

Chemical front propagates through a closed-packed cluster of nanoreactors made of hollow nanoshells filled with reactant solution.

Effect of Temperature, Pressure and Volume of Reacting Phase on Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction on Suspended Nanocrystalline TiO2

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1192-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Kočí ◽  
Lucie Obalová ◽  
Daniela Plachá ◽  
Zdenek Lacný
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Small Temperature ◽  
Nanocrystalline Tio2 ◽  
Perfect Mixing ◽  
Reactant Solution

The effect of temperature, pressure and volume of reactant solution on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 at suspended TiO2 was studied in an annular batch photoreactor. Reaction products in the liquid phase (methanol, formaldehyde) and in the gas phase (methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, molecular oxygen and hydrogen) were analysed by gas chromatography. The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 was not sensitive significantly to small temperature variations within 10 K. The CO2 pressure at carbonation of the solution influenced the selectivity of the CO2 conversion to methane and methanol, while the dihydrogen yield was higher by two orders of magnitude and independent of the pressure. The dependence of the product yields on the volume of the liquid phase confirmed the fact that the requirement for perfect mixing was difficult to fulfil for the annular configuration of the reactor.

Recent Advances in Fabrication of Photocatalytic Micro-Reactor

2016 ◽  
Vol 855 ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
Susmita Das ◽  
Vimal Chandra Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Dye Degradation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Polydimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactors ◽  
Micro Reactor ◽  
Reactant Solution

Microfluidic technology has been increasingly applied in field of photo catalytic reactor because of the large surface to volume ratio, shorter diffusion distance of the reactant solution, higher mixing efficiency and lower cost. This article reviews the detail progress in fabrication of micro-reactor for degradation of dye in waste water. Importantly, dye degradation required uniform UV light exposure which could be resolved by carrying out degradation in a micro-reactor. This paper discussed several of potential and commercial photocatalytic micro-reactor fabrication and configurations, in particular, the polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) photocatalytic reactors.

scholarly journals Facile Preparation of Ni-Co Bimetallic Oxide/Activated Carbon Composites Using the Plasma in Liquid Process for Supercapacitor Electrode Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heon Lee ◽  
In-Soo Park ◽  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Kay-Hyeok An ◽  
Byung-Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Supercapacitor Electrode ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Resistance Reduction ◽  
Liquid Process ◽  
Reactant Solution

In this study, a plasma in a liquid process (PiLP) was used to facilely precipitate bimetallic nanoparticles composed of Ni and Co elements on the surface of activated carbon. The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the fabricated composites were evaluated to examine the potential of supercapacitors as electrode materials. Nickel and cobalt ions in the aqueous reactant solution were uniformly precipitated on the AC surface as spherical nanoparticles with a size of about 100 nm by PiLP reaction. The composition of nanoparticles was determined by the molar ratio of nickel and cobalt precursors and precipitated in the form of bimetallic oxide. The electrical conductivity and specific capacitance were increased by Ni-Co bimetallic oxide nanoparticles precipitated on the AC surface. In addition, the electrochemical performance was improved by stable cycling stability and resistance reduction and showed the best performance when the molar ratios of Ni and Co precursors were the same.

scholarly journals Tubular precipitation structures: materials synthesis under non-equilibrium conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1969) ◽  
pp. 2848-2865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabih Makki ◽  
László Roszol ◽  
Jason J. Pagano ◽  
Oliver Steinbock
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate Solution ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Buoyant Jet ◽  
Tube Radius ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Devices ◽  
Inorganic Precipitation ◽  
Reactant Solution

Inorganic precipitation reactions are known to self-organize a variety of macroscopic structures, including hollow tubes. We discuss recent advances in this field with an emphasis on experiments similar to ‘silica gardens’. These reactions involve metal salts and sodium silicate solution. Reactions triggered from reagent-loaded microbeads can produce tubes with inner radii of down to 3 μm. Distinct wall morphologies are reported. For pump-driven injection, three qualitatively different growth regimes exist. In one of these regimes, tubes assemble around a buoyant jet of reactant solution, which allows the quantitative prediction of the tube radius. Additional topics include relaxation oscillations and the templating of tube growth with pinned gas bubble and mechanical devices. The tube materials and their nano-to-micro architectures are discussed for the cases of silica/Cu(OH) 2 and silica/Zn(OH) 2 /ZnO tubes. The latter case shows photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence.

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