Cigarette Smoking Exacerbates Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Young Healthy Men and Women

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) are risk factors for coronary artery disease. We tested the hypothesis that VAT and IMT were associated with systemic oxidative stress. Healthy men and women (n = 565) matched for ethnicity (Aboriginal, Chinese, European, and South Asian) were recruited. Plasma malondialdehyde, a biomarker of oxidative stress, was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). VAT and IMT were determined by computerized tomography and ultrasound scans, respectively. Plasma TBARS levels correlated with VAT and total atheroma burden (sum of IMT area and plaque area) in the entire cohort. When stratified by ethnicity, plasma TBARS levels correlated with distinct body composition and arterial measures in different ethnic populations with more associations present amongst Chinese and Europeans relative to Aboriginals and South Asians. VAT was associated with plasma TBARS levels independent of age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, and body mass index. Plasma TBARS levels were associated with IMT, the presence of plaques, and total atheroma burden, independent of age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, body mass index, and VAT. The association with total atheroma burden remained significant even when adjusted for apolipoprotein B. Results from the present study indicate that oxidative stress is positively associated with VAT as well as diffuse and focal carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy men and women.

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Anserine Reverses Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Preserves Cellular Homeostasis in Healthy Men

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Alkhatib ◽

Wen-Hsin Feng ◽

Yi-Jen Huang ◽

Chia-Hua Kuo ◽

Chien-Wen Hou

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Treatment Effect ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Cell Integrity ◽

Glutathione Disulfide ◽

Healthy Men ◽

The Mean ◽

Exercise Induced

The study tested whether anserine (beta-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine), the active ingredient of chicken essence affects exercise-induced oxidative stress, cell integrity, and haematology biomarkers. In a randomized placebo-controlled repeated-measures design, ten healthy men ingested anserine in either a low dose (ANS-LD) 15 mg·kg−1·bw−1, high dose (ANS-HD) 30 mg·kg−1·bw−1, or placebo (PLA), following an exercise challenge (time to exhaustion), on three separate occasions. Anserine supplementation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 50% (p < 0.001, effect size d = 0.8 for both ANS-LD and ANS-HD), and preserved catalase (CAT) activity suggesting an improved antioxidant activity. However, both ANS-LD and ANS-HD elevated glutathione disulfide (GSSG), (both p < 0.001, main treatment effect), and consequently lowered the glutathione to glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) ratio compared with PLA (p < 0.01, main treatment effect), without significant effects on thiobarbituric acid active reactive substances (TBARS). Exercise-induced cell damage biomarkers of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and myoglobin were unaffected by anserine. There were slight but significant elevations in glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CKMB), especially in ANS-HD (p < 0.05) compared with ANS-LD or PLA. Haematological biomarkers were largely unaffected by anserine, its dose, and without interaction with post exercise time-course. However, compared with ANS-LD and PLA, ANS-HD increased the mean cell volume (MCV), and decreased the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (p < 0.001). Anserine preserves cellular homoeostasis through enhanced antioxidant activity and protects cell integrity in healthy men, which is important for chronic disease prevention. However, anserine temporal elevated exercise-induced cell-damage, together with enhanced antioxidant activity and haematological responses suggest an augmented exercise-induced adaptative response and recovery.

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