scholarly journals MicroRNA Sequencing To Enhance Understanding Of Dose-Specific Resistance Training-Induced Muscle Mass Gains Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (8S) ◽  
pp. 466-466
Author(s):  
Samia M. O'Bryan ◽  
Kaleen M. Lavin ◽  
Marcas M. Bamman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Microrna Sequencing

Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽  
Chrissa L. McClellan ◽  
Elizabeth J. Parks ◽  
Stephen D. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Resistance Training Programme

Abstract Ageing is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength, flexibility and balance, resulting in a poor quality of life (QOL). Past studies have occurred in highly controlled laboratory settings which provide strong support to determine whether similar gains can be made in community programmes. Twenty participants were enrolled in an eight-week community-based resistance training programme (mean age = 61.3 (standard error (SE) = 0.9) years); Body Mass Index = 32.0 (SE = 1.3) kg/m2). All participants completed surveys to assess outcomes associated with QOL. Given the relationship between muscle function and nerve health, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were also conducted in a separate group of participants (mean age = 64.9 (SE = 2.0) years; Body Mass Index = 32.6 (SE = 1.9) kg/m2). This community-based training programme significantly improved QOL measures in older adults (p < 0.001). Although weight loss was not the primary outcome of the study, participants reduced their body weights (p < 0.001), by primarily reducing fat mass (p = 0.007) while maintaining muscle mass. Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (2.2%), flexibility and balance (3.2–464.2%, p ⩽ 0.05 for all). Improvements were also observed in plasma glucose (p = 0.05), haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.06) and aldolase enzyme levels (p < 0.001). Scores for surveys on memory and sleep improved (p < 0.05). Improved QOL was associated with increased lean mass (r = −0.714, p = 0.002), decreased fat mass (r = −0.702, p = 0.003) and improved flexibility and balance (r = −0.627, p = 0.008). An eight-week, community-based resistance training programme significantly improved QOL in older adults. Influence on the lipid profile and NCS still needs further investigation.

Whey protein and vitamin D supplementation in institutionalized older adults: A randomized trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602110606
Author(s):  
Tamy Colonetti ◽  
Antônio Jose Grande ◽  
Franciani Rodrigues da Rocha ◽  
Eduardo Ronconi Dondossola ◽  
Lisiane Tuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
And Control

Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference ( p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training ( p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation ( p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.

scholarly journals Effects of short term elastic resistance training on muscle mass and strength in untrained older adults: a randomized clinical trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner Rodrigues Martins ◽  
Marisete Peralta Safons ◽  
Martim Bottaro ◽  
Juscelino Castro Blasczyk ◽  
Leonardo Rios Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Elastic Resistance

scholarly journals Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction Compared to Traditional Resistance Training on Strength and Muscle Mass in Non-Active Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11441
Author(s):  
Darío Rodrigo-Mallorca ◽  
Andrés Felipe Loaiza-Betancur ◽  
Pablo Monteagudo ◽  
Cristina Blasco-Lafarga ◽  
Iván Chulvi-Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Flow Restriction

Low-intensity training with blood flow restriction (LI-BFR) has been suggested as an alternative to high-intensity resistance training for the improvement of strength and muscle mass, becoming advisable for individuals who cannot assume such a load. The systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of the LI-BFR compared to dynamic high-intensity resistance training on strength and muscle mass in non-active older adults. A systematic review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook and reportedly followed the PRISMA statement. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Scopus databases were searched between September and October 2020. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias and the quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. Twelve studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Meta-analysis pointed out significant differences in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC): SMD 0.61, 95% CI [0.10, 1.11], p = 0.02, I2 71% p < 0.0001; but not in the repetition maximum (RM): SMD 0.07, 95% CI [−0.25, 0.40], p = 0.66, I2 0% p < 0.53; neither in the muscle mass: SMD 0.62, 95% CI [−0.09, 1.34], p = 0.09, I2 59% p = 0.05. Despite important limitations such as scarce literature regarding LI-BFR in older adults, the small sample size in most studies, the still differences in methodology and poor quality in many of them, this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a positive benefit in non-active older adults. LI- BFR may induce increased muscular strength and muscle mass, at least at a similar extent to that in the traditional high-intensity resistance training.

Influence of combined resistance training and healthy diet on muscle mass in healthy elderly women: a randomized controlled trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 918-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emelie Strandberg ◽  
Peter Edholm ◽  
Elodie Ponsot ◽  
Britta Wåhlin-Larsson ◽  
Erik Hellmén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Healthy Elderly

The delivery of efficient nonpharmacological treatment to prevent the loss of muscle mass in older adults is a major challenge, and information on the combined effects of training and diet is particularly important. Here we aimed to evaluate the effects of 24 wk of resistance training combined with a healthy dietary approach (n-6/n-3 ratio < 2) in a population of healthy and physically active older women (65-70 years). The three-armed randomized controlled trial included a resistance training + healthy diet group (RT-HD), a resistance training group (RT), and controls (CON). All subjects included in the study were physically active and had low levels of serum inflammatory markers. In accordance with the dietary goals, the n-6/n-3 ratio dietary intake significantly decreased only in RT-HD by 42%. An increase in 1 repetition maximum in leg extension occurred in RT (+20.4%) and RT-HD (+20.8%), but not in CON. Interestingly, leg lean mass significantly increased only in RT-HD (+1.8%). While there were no changes in serum C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels, a significant decrease in serum level of the pro-inflammatory precursor arachidonic acid (−5.3 ± 9.4%) together with an increase in serum n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (+8.3%) occurred only in RT-HD. Altogether, this study demonstrates that the effects of resistance training on muscle mass in healthy older adults can be optimized by the adoption of a healthy diet.

scholarly journals Effects of linear versus nonperiodized resistance training on isometric force and skeletal muscle mass adaptations in sarcopenic older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Conrado de Freitas ◽  
Caroline Galan de Souza Pereira ◽  
Vitor Cabrera Batista ◽  
Fabricio Eduardo Rossi ◽  
Alex Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Isometric Force

NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION DURING RESISTANCE TRAINING IMPROVED SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING FRAIL OLDER ADULTS

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
H. Arai ◽  
K. Yoshimura ◽  
Y. Kajiwara ◽  
T. Sonoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Frail Older Adults

Objective: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, is highly prevalent in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combination of resistance training and multinutrients supplementation (including vitamin D and protein) on muscle mass and physical performance in frail older adults. Methods: This trial was conducted in Japanese frail older adults (n=77), which underwent a standardized protocol of a 3-month physical exercise intervention. The sample population was divided into two groups, according to the adoption (S/Ex: n = 38) or not (Ex: n = 39) of the additional multinutrient supplementation. The outcome measures of interest for the present analyses were the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and several physical performance tests. Results: Participants in S/Ex group had significant improvements for the outcome measures, including SMI and maximum walking time (P<0.05), compared to those in Ex group. The prevalence of sarcopenia decreased from 65.7% to 42.9% in S/Ex group, while that in Ex group remained unchanged (68.6% to 68.6%) (relative risk = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.03-2.49). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the combination of resistance training and multinutritional supplementation may be more effective at improving muscle mass and walking speed than an intervention only based on resistance training.

scholarly journals Task‐Specific Resistance Training to Improve the Ability of Activities of Daily Living–Impaired Older Adults to Rise from a Bed and from a Chair

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1418-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil B. Alexander ◽  
Andrzej T. Galecki ◽  
Martina L. Grenier ◽  
Linda V. Nyquist ◽  
Mark R. Hofmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Specific Resistance

Resistance Training Frequency Confers Greater Muscle Quality in Aged Individuals: A Brief NHANES Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall A Naimo ◽  
Ja K Gu ◽  
Christa Lilly ◽  
George A Kelley ◽  
Brent A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Age Related

Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, results in a loss of strength and functional capacity, which subsequently increases the risk of disease, disability frailty, and all-cause mortality. Skeletal muscle quality (MQ), i.e., strength per unit muscle mass, is the ability of muscle to perform its functions, and evidence indicates it is a more influential variable underlying age-related declines in muscle function than losses in muscle mass. Resistance training (RT) is known for enhancing skeletal MQ, improving health span, and reducing mortality; however, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the relationship between RT frequency and MQ in an aged population. Thus, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that greater MQ in older individuals is associated with RT frequency. Methods: Utilizing data from 2,391 older adults in the National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES; 1999-2002), a secondary analysis of data was performed to see if an association existed between RT frequency and MQ in persons aged 55 years and older. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with three different models. Individuals were stratified into two groups based on how many days per week they performed RT: Insufficient (i.e., < two days per week) or sufficient (≥ two days per week). Muscle quality was calculated by taking the average peak force (Newtons) obtained from an isokinetic dynamometer and dividing it by lean mass, excluding bone mineral content (grams), obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The alpha level was set at <0.05. Results: For persons aged 55 and over, a statistically significant association was found between sufficient RT and greater MQ in both unadjusted as well as adjusted models that accounted for various demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics (p<0.05 for all). However, when limited to those 65 and older, no statistically significant associations were observed between sufficient RT and greater MQ (p>0.05 for all). When partitioned according to those 55 to 64 years of age and those 55 to 79 years, a statistically significant association was again observed (p<0.05 for all). No statistically significant associations were observed for individuals 65-79 years of age or those 80 years of age and older (p>0.05 for all). Conclusions: Sufficient amounts of RT are associated with greater MQ in selected older individuals. A need exists for future randomized controlled trials that examine the dose-response relationship between resistance training and MQ in older adults.

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