Oversimplification of the Relationship between Ultrasound and Skinfold Measurements of Subcutaneous Fat Thickness

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Skinfold Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

A note on the relationship between ultrasonic fat measurement and performance in beef cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe development of subcutaneous fat as measured by ultrasonics was determined in 28 Angus, 46 Hereford and 42 Charolais bulls, performance-tested on a barley/grass diet. The ultrasonic fat measurements were then examined for possible relationships with feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. There were apparent breed differences in the rate of increase in subcutaneous fat thickness with changing live weight but ultrasonic measurements bore little relationship to performance parameters within any of the three breeds tested.

scholarly journals A study on the relationship between subcutaneous fat thickness and serum cholesterol in three field surveys.

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Makiko TAKAYANAGI ◽  
Nobuhiro KUMAKURA ◽  
Hiroaki NISHIKAWA ◽  
Mika KIGAWA ◽  
Hiroshi TANUMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

Relationships between pre-slaughter rump flatness of Nelore cows and subsequent measures of carcass fatness

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Luiz F. M. Pfeifer ◽  
Paulo M. A. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Internal Angle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the internal angle of the rump (IAR), as a measure of rump fatness, and both the visual degree of finishing (VDF) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) of Nelore cows. In this study, 836 Nelore cows were examined. The IAR of all live cows was measured using a goniometer, and then the VDF of all carcasses was evaluated. Additionally, the SFT of a subset of carcasses (n = 225) was measured. Carcasses were divided into three groups based on the VDF, as follows: Inadequate VDF (I) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 1 and 2; Adequate VDF (A) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 3 and 4; and Excessive VDF (E) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 5. There was a positive linear relationship between VDF and IAR (y = 98.29 + 5.78 × x; R 2 = 0.53; P < 0.001) and between VDF and SFT (y = 0.26 + 0.51× x; R 2 = 0.51; P < 0.001). Cows classified as having an Excessive degree of fatness according to the Inadequate – Adequate – Excessive (IAE) scale had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate or Adequate (P < 0.001). Similarly, cows classified as Adequate had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate that the measure of IAR of a live Nelore cow can provide a good indication of the level of fatness of its carcass.

THE USE OF UREA DILUTION AND ULTRASONIC BACKFAT THICKNESS TO PREDICT THE CARCASS COMPOSITION OF LIVE LAMBS AND CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
J. S. WALTON ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
J. E. SZKOTNICKI
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lean Weight

Thirty-eight lambs (22 rams, 16 ewes), 25 Holstein cows and 30 steers were evaluated ultrasonically for subcutaneous fat thickness. Urea space was also estimated, using the dilution principle, by a single injection of a known amount of urea and taking a single blood sample 12 min later. All lambs and cattle were slaughtered within 2 days and the half-carcasses were separated into fat, lean and bone. Urea space (R2 = 0.10) and fat thickness (R2 = 0.18) in lambs were poorly related to the weight of half-carcass lean tissue. Neither urea space nor fat thickness improved the level of explained variation in half-carcass lean tissue weight over that explained by liveweight alone (R2 = 0.73). Urea space showed a larger association with half carcass lean weight in cows (R2 = 0.55) than in steers (R2 = 0.14), but again did not improve the relationship provided by liveweight alone (R2 = 0.60). Fat thickness provided nonsignificant regressions (P < 0.05) with half-carcass lean weight both in cows and in steers. Liveweight was the dominant independent variable (R2 = 0.33) for predicting total fat in lamb half-carcasses; urea space (R2 = 0.08) and fat thickness (R2 = 0.13) did not improve the prediction given by liveweight alone. Fat thickness was poorly related to total fatness both in steers (R2 = 0.12) and in cows (nonsignificant regression). A multiple regression equation combining fat thickness and liveweight provided the best prediction of half-carcass fat in cows, whereas a similar equation with the addition of urea space gave the best prediction of half-carcass fat in steers. The measurement of urea space and fat thickness to predict the weight of carcass tissues (lean, fat) in live lambs and cattle over the weight (41.9 + 9.7 kg(SD) lambs, 624 ± 62.8 kg cows and 466 ± 63.2 kg steers) and fatness (19.9 ± 3.27% (SD) lambs, 21.9 ± 2.18% cows and 20.9 ± 3.98% steers) ranges studied was of limited value. Key words: Urea dilution, ultrasound, live animal evaluation, carcass composition

scholarly journals The Relationship between Balance, Muscles, and Anthropomorphic Features in Young Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragıba Zagyapan ◽  
Cihan Iyem ◽  
Ayla Kurkcuoglu ◽  
Can Pelin ◽  
Mustafa Agah Tekindal
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Posture Analysis ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Lateral Posture ◽  
The Relationship

Posture can be defined as the form of the body when sitting, walking, or standing. There would be no problem if muscles interact in harmony with musculoskeletal system or nervous system. Posture analysis is crucial for clinical assessments in physical medicine and rehabilitation. However, studies into this issue are limited. In this study, the relationship between static standing balance and anthropomorphic features in healthy subjects was investigated. The study was carried out with a total of 240 students at Baskent University (116 females, 124 males) aged between 18 and 25 years. Type of balance of the subjects was determined with lateral posture analysis. Additionally, muscle shortness tests, subcutaneous fat thickness, and waist and thigh circumference were measured. As the results of lateral posture analysis, 107 subjects (71 males, 36 females) were detected to have anterior balance, 89 (41 males, 48 females) posterior balance, and 44 (12 males, 32 girls) neutral balance. Values of waist circumference, thigh circumference, and waist/thigh ratio were compared with all three balance types. A statistically significant difference was detected between these values in the subjects who had anterior balance (P<0.05). In conclusion, a significant relationship was detected between muscle shortness, waist and thigh circumferences, and postural balance type.

Abstract 3648: Clinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women is Associated With Increased Epicardial, but Not Subcutaneous Fat Thickness

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Oyama ◽  
Philimon Gona ◽  
Michael L Chuang ◽  
Rahul R Jhaveri ◽  
Carol J Salton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Visceral adipose tissue, such as epicardial fat, is metabolically active, and may portend increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to subcutaneous fat. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately delineate fat, but data are sparse regarding the relationship of epicardial and subcutaneous fat burden to CVD in community-living adult women. METHODS: 957 women (aged 64± 8 years) in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, followed by serial examinations since 1974, underwent CMR on a 1.5-T Philips system using an ECG-gated cine SSFP sequence. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) over the midlevel right ventricle was measured from a 4-chamber view. Suprasternal subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) was measured at the main pulmonary artery level. We compared EFT and SFT between women with clinical CVD, documented by a physician endpoint committee (+CVD), vs. those without (noCVD) based on Cycle 7 (1998 –2002) clinical data. Differences were assessed by two-sample T-test; ANOVA was used to adjust for age, diabetes, hypertension and menopausal status. RESULTS: The +CVD group comprised 74 (8%) women who were older and more likely to be postmenopausal, diabetic and hypertensive than noCVD women (Table ). EFT was greater in +CVD (10.5 ± 5.1mm) vs. noCVD (8.6 ± 5.2mm) groups, p<0.003. This difference remained significant after adjusting for age, diabetes, hypertension and menopausal status (Table ). No difference in SFT or body mass index was observed between groups (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Women with history of clinical CVD have greater EFT than women without CVD, and this difference persists after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors. However, subcutaneous fat, as assessed by chest wall adiposity, did not differ between groups. EFT may be a useful marker for cardiovascular risk, and prospective investigation of the relationship between EFT and future risk for CVD is warranted.

Thermal insulation and shivering threshold in Greek sponge divers

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Veicsteinas ◽  
D. W. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Tissue Insulation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Skin

Sublingual temperature (Tor), average skin temperature (Tsk), and skin heat flow (Hsk) were determined in a field study for six Greek sponge divers and seven nondiving controls during head-out immersions at water temperature of 21 degrees C. Wetsuits kept Tsk at 22–28 degrees C for 1–3 h until Tor fell to 36.5–35.5 degrees C and violent shivering [metabolic rate (M) = 100–150 W . m-2] ended the test. At a steady Tsk, immediately before shivering, overall tissue insulation (It), calculated as (Tor--Tsk)/Hsk, was linearly related to mean subcutaneous fat thickness (MFT) in both groups without statistical difference between them. The onset of shivering, as detected by a sharp increase of M, occurred at the same Tor for a Tsk of about 26 degrees C, and the relationship of M vs. Tor (i.e., metabolic sensitivity) was the same for both groups. Contrary to other groups accustomed to diving in cold water, the use of a wetsuit for a long time has evidently prevented cold adaptation in these divers.

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