A note on the relationship between ultrasonic fat measurement and performance in beef cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThe development of subcutaneous fat as measured by ultrasonics was determined in 28 Angus, 46 Hereford and 42 Charolais bulls, performance-tested on a barley/grass diet. The ultrasonic fat measurements were then examined for possible relationships with feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. There were apparent breed differences in the rate of increase in subcutaneous fat thickness with changing live weight but ultrasonic measurements bore little relationship to performance parameters within any of the three breeds tested.

scholarly journals Performance of finishing beef cattle fed different diets containing whole-crop maize silage or sugarcane silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Roman ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Flávio Dutra de Resende ◽  
Gustavo Rezende Siqueira ◽  
Marcelo Henrique de Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of beef cattle in feedlots fed diets containing either whole-crop maize silage or sugarcane silage, and with different formulations. Five diets were evaluated: MSF - diet containing whole-crop maize silage, with fixed formulation during feedlot period; MSV- diet containing whole-crop maize silage, with variable formulation according to feedlot phase; SCSF - diet containing sugarcane silage with fixed formulation; SCSV- diet containing sugarcane silage, with variable formulation; SCSV/MSV- SCSV diet in initial half of fedlot and MSV diet in final half of feedlot period, respectively. It was used a complete random experimental design, with five treatments and three replicates (pens). It was used 285 steers at 36 months of age, with an initial body weight of 362.4 kg. Diets with whole-crop maize silage promoted greater intake of dry matter (10.5 kg and 2.4% BW) compared with diets containing sugarcane silage (10.1 kg and 2.3% BW). There was no effect of the silages on average daily gain (1.348 kg/animal/day) and live weight at slaughter (481.2 kg BW). SCSV/MSV diet promoted the worst feed conversion (8.0 kg DM/kg BW). Animals fed diets composed of whole-crop maize silage presented greater weight of hot carcass, of carcass yield and subcutaneous fat thickness (262.1 kg, 54.1% and 6.2 mm) compared with the animals fed sugarcane silage (252.5 kg, 52.7% and 4.8 mm). The use of sugarcane silage in diets for finishing beef cattle is feasible and the adjustment of formulation during confinement period does not influence performance of the animals. Replacement of sugarcane silage by whole-crop maize silage during the feeding period affects negatively feed conversion.

scholarly journals A study on the relationship between subcutaneous fat thickness and serum cholesterol in three field surveys.

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-86
Author(s):  
Makiko TAKAYANAGI ◽  
Nobuhiro KUMAKURA ◽  
Hiroaki NISHIKAWA ◽  
Mika KIGAWA ◽  
Hiroshi TANUMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals In vivo biometry and carcass characteristics of lambs in different finishing systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Juliano Henriques da Motta ◽  
Cleber Cassol Pires ◽  
Ana Maria Osorio Dias ◽  
Verônica Gindri Manzoni ◽  
Andressa Ana Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
In Vivo Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Carcass Cuts

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of different finishing systems on the in vivo measurements, quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics, commercial cut ratio, and shoulder tissue composition of lambs. Thirty-two male lambs were distributed in four finishing systems with eight replications each, as follows: suckling lambs on pasture; suckling lambs in confinement, with access to creep-feeding containing corn bran and soybean meal; weaned lambs fed roughage, characterized by ad libitum supply of alfalfa hay; and weaned lambs fed concentrate, composed of oat grain and soybean meal. The lambs were slaughtered as they reached the pre-set live weight at slaughtering of 30 kg. Most of the in vivo biometry variables were not significant (P > 0.05) when comparing the finishing systems, except for hindlimb height and thoracic perimeter. Regarding the quantitative carcass characteristics, all variables differed (P < 0.05) between systems, except for carcass length, leg width, and subcutaneous fat thickness. For the qualitative carcass characteristics, only the fatness and carcass conformation presented significant differences (P < 0.05). Most in vivo measurements and the proportion of carcass cuts were not influenced by finishing systems. Weaned lambs fed an exclusive concentrate diet presented leaner carcasses with an inferior conformation when compared to the other finishing systems. Suckling lambs in confinement presented shoulders with a higher fat deposition when compared to those weaned. Suckling lambs both on pasture and in confinement presented a superiority in the quantitative carcass characteristics when compared to weaned lambs.

Relationships between pre-slaughter rump flatness of Nelore cows and subsequent measures of carcass fatness

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Luiz F. M. Pfeifer ◽  
Paulo M. A. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Internal Angle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the internal angle of the rump (IAR), as a measure of rump fatness, and both the visual degree of finishing (VDF) and the subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) of Nelore cows. In this study, 836 Nelore cows were examined. The IAR of all live cows was measured using a goniometer, and then the VDF of all carcasses was evaluated. Additionally, the SFT of a subset of carcasses (n = 225) was measured. Carcasses were divided into three groups based on the VDF, as follows: Inadequate VDF (I) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 1 and 2; Adequate VDF (A) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 3 and 4; and Excessive VDF (E) for carcasses with a degree of finishing of 5. There was a positive linear relationship between VDF and IAR (y = 98.29 + 5.78 × x; R 2 = 0.53; P &lt; 0.001) and between VDF and SFT (y = 0.26 + 0.51× x; R 2 = 0.51; P &lt; 0.001). Cows classified as having an Excessive degree of fatness according to the Inadequate – Adequate – Excessive (IAE) scale had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate or Adequate (P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, cows classified as Adequate had higher IAR and SFT than cows classified as Inadequate (P &lt; 0.001). These results demonstrate that the measure of IAR of a live Nelore cow can provide a good indication of the level of fatness of its carcass.

THE USE OF UREA DILUTION AND ULTRASONIC BACKFAT THICKNESS TO PREDICT THE CARCASS COMPOSITION OF LIVE LAMBS AND CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
J. S. WALTON ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
J. E. SZKOTNICKI
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lean Weight

Thirty-eight lambs (22 rams, 16 ewes), 25 Holstein cows and 30 steers were evaluated ultrasonically for subcutaneous fat thickness. Urea space was also estimated, using the dilution principle, by a single injection of a known amount of urea and taking a single blood sample 12 min later. All lambs and cattle were slaughtered within 2 days and the half-carcasses were separated into fat, lean and bone. Urea space (R2 = 0.10) and fat thickness (R2 = 0.18) in lambs were poorly related to the weight of half-carcass lean tissue. Neither urea space nor fat thickness improved the level of explained variation in half-carcass lean tissue weight over that explained by liveweight alone (R2 = 0.73). Urea space showed a larger association with half carcass lean weight in cows (R2 = 0.55) than in steers (R2 = 0.14), but again did not improve the relationship provided by liveweight alone (R2 = 0.60). Fat thickness provided nonsignificant regressions (P < 0.05) with half-carcass lean weight both in cows and in steers. Liveweight was the dominant independent variable (R2 = 0.33) for predicting total fat in lamb half-carcasses; urea space (R2 = 0.08) and fat thickness (R2 = 0.13) did not improve the prediction given by liveweight alone. Fat thickness was poorly related to total fatness both in steers (R2 = 0.12) and in cows (nonsignificant regression). A multiple regression equation combining fat thickness and liveweight provided the best prediction of half-carcass fat in cows, whereas a similar equation with the addition of urea space gave the best prediction of half-carcass fat in steers. The measurement of urea space and fat thickness to predict the weight of carcass tissues (lean, fat) in live lambs and cattle over the weight (41.9 + 9.7 kg(SD) lambs, 624 ± 62.8 kg cows and 466 ± 63.2 kg steers) and fatness (19.9 ± 3.27% (SD) lambs, 21.9 ± 2.18% cows and 20.9 ± 3.98% steers) ranges studied was of limited value. Key words: Urea dilution, ultrasound, live animal evaluation, carcass composition

scholarly journals The Relationship between Balance, Muscles, and Anthropomorphic Features in Young Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragıba Zagyapan ◽  
Cihan Iyem ◽  
Ayla Kurkcuoglu ◽  
Can Pelin ◽  
Mustafa Agah Tekindal
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Posture Analysis ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Lateral Posture ◽  
The Relationship

Posture can be defined as the form of the body when sitting, walking, or standing. There would be no problem if muscles interact in harmony with musculoskeletal system or nervous system. Posture analysis is crucial for clinical assessments in physical medicine and rehabilitation. However, studies into this issue are limited. In this study, the relationship between static standing balance and anthropomorphic features in healthy subjects was investigated. The study was carried out with a total of 240 students at Baskent University (116 females, 124 males) aged between 18 and 25 years. Type of balance of the subjects was determined with lateral posture analysis. Additionally, muscle shortness tests, subcutaneous fat thickness, and waist and thigh circumference were measured. As the results of lateral posture analysis, 107 subjects (71 males, 36 females) were detected to have anterior balance, 89 (41 males, 48 females) posterior balance, and 44 (12 males, 32 girls) neutral balance. Values of waist circumference, thigh circumference, and waist/thigh ratio were compared with all three balance types. A statistically significant difference was detected between these values in the subjects who had anterior balance (P<0.05). In conclusion, a significant relationship was detected between muscle shortness, waist and thigh circumferences, and postural balance type.

scholarly journals EFEITO DOS NÍVEIS DE SUPLEMENTAÇÃO NO DESEMPENHO DE BOVINOS EM SISTEMA DE SEMI-CONFINAMENTO

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Felipe Cecconello Bento ◽  
Edgar Antonio Rovani ◽  
Gabriel Ferreira Mesquita ◽  
Lucas Roberto Batista Ruiz ◽  
Maria Isabel Leite Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos níveis de suplementação sobre o desempenho de bovinos em sistema de terminação no período das águas em pastagem de capim Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e sua viabilidade econômica. No experimento foram utilizados 68 bovinos não castrados da raça Nelore, sendo conduzido segundo delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com dois níveis de suplementação de concentrado na proporção de 1,2% e 1,8% peso vivo (PV) com base na matéria seca (MS). Os níveis de suplementação não diferiram nos pesos corporais dos animais nas pesagens feitas durante o experimento e final. Os animais suplementados com 1,8% do PV obtiveram maior ganho de peso total, área de olho de lombo final e espessura de gordura subcutâneo final. Os níveis de suplemento não influenciaram significativamente no peso de carcaça quente, conformação da carcaça e rendimento da carcaça. Os animais que receberam o maior nível de suplementação tiveram maior acabamento da carcaça. O maior nível de suplementação gerou maior custo inicial, médio, final e maior custo por ganho de peso dos animais. Assim, a suplementação com 1,2% do PV resulta em menor custo por quilo de carne produzida, sendo o mais indicado para bovinos terminados a pasto.Palavras-chave: análise econômica, confinamento a pasto, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, pastejo, terminação. EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION LEVELS ON BEEF CATTLE PERFORMANCE IN SEMI-CONFINED SYSTEMS ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation levels on the performance of cattle in the finishing system in the period of waters in pasture of Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa and its economic viability. In the experiment, 68 Nellore bulls were used, and were conducted in a completely randomized design with two levels of concentrate supplementation at the ratio of 1.2% and 1.8% live weight (LW) based on the dry matter (DM). Supplementation levels did not differ in body weights of animals during weighing done during the experiment and final. The animals supplemented with 1.8% of the LW obtained greater total weight gain, final loin eye area and final subcutaneous fat thickness. Supplement levels did not significantly influence hot carcass weight, carcass conformation, and carcass yield. The animals that received the highest level of supplementation had a better finishing of the carcass. The higher level of supplementation generated higher initial, average, final cost and higher cost for weight gain of the animals. Thus, the supplementation with 1.2% of the LW results in a lower cost per kilogram of meat produced, being the most suitable for beef cattle.Keywords: economic analysis, feedlot in pasture, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça, grazing, termination.

Abstract 3648: Clinical Cardiovascular Disease in Women is Associated With Increased Epicardial, but Not Subcutaneous Fat Thickness

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Oyama ◽  
Philimon Gona ◽  
Michael L Chuang ◽  
Rahul R Jhaveri ◽  
Carol J Salton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Epicardial Fat ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Visceral adipose tissue, such as epicardial fat, is metabolically active, and may portend increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to subcutaneous fat. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can accurately delineate fat, but data are sparse regarding the relationship of epicardial and subcutaneous fat burden to CVD in community-living adult women. METHODS: 957 women (aged 64± 8 years) in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, followed by serial examinations since 1974, underwent CMR on a 1.5-T Philips system using an ECG-gated cine SSFP sequence. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) over the midlevel right ventricle was measured from a 4-chamber view. Suprasternal subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) was measured at the main pulmonary artery level. We compared EFT and SFT between women with clinical CVD, documented by a physician endpoint committee (+CVD), vs. those without (noCVD) based on Cycle 7 (1998 –2002) clinical data. Differences were assessed by two-sample T-test; ANOVA was used to adjust for age, diabetes, hypertension and menopausal status. RESULTS: The +CVD group comprised 74 (8%) women who were older and more likely to be postmenopausal, diabetic and hypertensive than noCVD women (Table ). EFT was greater in +CVD (10.5 ± 5.1mm) vs. noCVD (8.6 ± 5.2mm) groups, p<0.003. This difference remained significant after adjusting for age, diabetes, hypertension and menopausal status (Table ). No difference in SFT or body mass index was observed between groups (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Women with history of clinical CVD have greater EFT than women without CVD, and this difference persists after adjustment for common cardiovascular risk factors. However, subcutaneous fat, as assessed by chest wall adiposity, did not differ between groups. EFT may be a useful marker for cardiovascular risk, and prospective investigation of the relationship between EFT and future risk for CVD is warranted.

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