Inhibitory effects of condensed tannins on angiotensin converting enzyme.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), is a pandemic disease that has been declared as modern history’s gravest health emergency worldwide. Until now, no precise treatment modality has been developed. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a host cell receptor, has been found to play a crucial role in virus cell entry; therefore, ACE2 blockers can be a potential target for anti-viral intervention. In this study, we evaluated the ACE2 inhibitory effects of 10 essential oils. Among them, geranium and lemon oils displayed significant ACE2 inhibitory effects in epithelial cells. In addition, immunoblotting and qPCR analysis also confirmed that geranium and lemon oils possess potent ACE2 inhibitory effects. Furthermore, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis displayed 22 compounds in geranium oil and 9 compounds in lemon oil. Citronellol, geraniol, and neryl acetate were the major compounds of geranium oil and limonene that represented major compound of lemon oil. Next, we found that treatment with citronellol and limonene significantly downregulated ACE2 expression in epithelial cells. The results suggest that geranium and lemon essential oils and their derivative compounds are valuable natural anti-viral agents that may contribute to the prevention of the invasion of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 into the human body.

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Antioxidant, Hypolipidemic and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Effects of Flavonoid-rich Fraction of Hyphaene thebaica (Doum Palm) Fruits on Fat-fed Obese Wistar Rats

Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry ◽

10.9734/ajrb/2019/v5i330091 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. Abdulazeez ◽

A. Bashir ◽

B. S. Adoyi ◽

A. Z. Mustapha ◽

B. Kurfi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Ace Activity ◽

Palm Fruits

Aims: This study investigated the antioxidant, hypolipidemic and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory effects of flavonoid-rich fraction of H. thebaica on fat-fed obese wistar rats. Study Design: Twenty-five rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each: Control (standard diet, untreated), Obese control (Fat-fed, untreated), Standard control (Fat-fed, treated with 70 mg/kg Atorvastatin), Groups 4 and 5 (Fat-fed, treated with 100 and 250 mg kg-1 flavonoid-rich fraction, respectively). The rats were given high fat diet to induce obesity, after which treatment was administered for fourteen (14) days, and on the 15th day, rats were sacrificed and blood samples collected. Results: From the results, induction of obesity significantly (P<0.05) increased body weight, some lipoproteins, ACE activity, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels, while HDL cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels decreased. Treatment of obese rats with the standard drug, atorvastatin and flavonoid-rich fraction of H. thebaica significantly (P<0.05) decreased ACE activity, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol, while HDL cholesterol and malondialdehyde increased. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that the flavonoid-rich fraction of H. thebaica is hypolipidemic, possesses antioxidant activities, and may contain potent ACE inhibitors.

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Identification of Pinto bean peptides with inhibitory effects on α-amylase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities using an integrated bioinformatics-assisted approach

Food Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.166 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

pp. 124-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ying-Yuan Ngoh ◽

Chee-Yuen Gan

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Pinto Bean

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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Effects by Plant Phenolic Compounds: A Study of Structure Activity Relationships

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf404641v ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (48) ◽

pp. 11832-11839 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Nadin Al Shukor ◽

John Van Camp ◽

Gerard Bryan Gonzales ◽

Dorien Staljanssens ◽

Karin Struijs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Structure Activity Relationships ◽

Structure Activity

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In vitro investigations of the potential health benefits of Australian-grown faba beans (Vicia faba L.): chemopreventative capacity and inhibitory effects on the angiotensin-converting enzyme, α-glucosidase and lipase

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114512000803 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 108 (S1) ◽

pp. S123-S134 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Siem D. Siah ◽

Izabela Konczak ◽

Samson Agboola ◽

Jennifer A. Wood ◽

Christopher L. Blanchard

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽

Pancreatic Lipase ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Faba Beans

The functional properties, including antioxidant and chemopreventative capacities as well as the inhibitory effects on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase, of three Australian-grown faba bean genotypes (Nura, Rossa and TF(Ic*As)*483/13) were investigated using an array of in vitro assays. Chromatograms of on-line post column derivatisation assay coupled with HPLC revealed the existence of active phenolics (hump) in the coloured genotypes, which was lacking in the white-coloured breeding line, TF(Ic*As)*483/13. Roasting reduced the phenolic content, and diminished antioxidant activity by 10–40 % as measured by the reagent-based assays (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity) in all genotypes. Cell culture-based antioxidant activity assay (cellular antioxidant activity) showed an increase of activity in the coloured genotypes after roasting. Faba bean extracts demonstrated cellular protection ability against H2O2-induced DNA damage (assessed using RAW264.7 cells), and inhibited the proliferation of all human cancer cell lines (BL13, AGS, Hep G2 and HT-29) evaluated. However, the effect of faba bean extracts on the non-transformed human cells (CCD-18Co) was negligible. Flow cytometric analyses showed that faba bean extracts successfully induced apoptosis of HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukaemia) cells. The faba bean extracts also exhibited ACE, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. Overall, extracts from Nura (buff-coloured) and Rossa (red-coloured) were comparable, while TF(Ic*As)*483/13 (white-coloured) contained the lowest phenolic content and exhibited the least antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities. These results are important to promote the utilisation of faba beans in human diets for various health benefits.

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