Optimal Adoption of Complementary Technologies

When a production process requires two extremely complementary inputs, conventional wisdom holds that a firm would always upgrade them simultaneously. We show, however, that if upgrading each input involves a fixed cost, the firm may upgrade them at different dates, “asynchronously.” This insight helps us understand why productivity rises with the age of a plant, why investment in structures is more spiked than equipment investment, and why plants have spare capacity. The bigger point of the paper is that complementarity does not necessarily imply comovement—not even for a single decision maker. (JEL E22, O31, P11)

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ESTIMASI BIAYA PRODUKSI DALAM MERENCANAKAN LABA PADA PABRIK KARET PT. BUKIT ANGKASA MAKMUR KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA

Jurnal AGRISEP Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.31186/jagrisep.5.2.112-130 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 112-130

Author(s):

Redy Badrudin ◽

Sri Sugiarti ◽

Friska Oktora Marbun

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Variable Cost ◽

Fixed Cost ◽

Minimum Level ◽

Know How ◽

Management Ability ◽

Production Activity ◽

Research Show

The aim of the factory is to get the profit. Large or small the advantage the profit that the factory can reached out, that’s provide the management ability/succesfull in manage their company. Into arrange the profit planning could done by analyzing Break Event Point (BEP) and the varian analysis to estimate the product cost, checking cost, and measurement of the factory performance.The purpose of this research is (1) To know is it the process of crumb rubber on Bukit Angkasa Makmur factory Ltd has reached the level of minimum sale? (2) To know how much the value number of margin contribution, and the ratio of margin contribution, (3) To know is it in production activity (production process) on PT. Bukit Angkasa Makmur get the favourable or unfavourable varian?, (4) To know the value number of fixed cost and variable cost on PT. Bukit Angkasa Makmur.The result of this research show that the PT. Bukit Angkasa Makmur has reached the minimum level of sale with Break Event Point value (in Rp) Rp 201.585.596.402,50 and 21.894.818,77 Kg. The value of margin contribution is Rp 8.339.796.662,00, and the ratio margin of contribution value is 0.04. The fixed cost on PT. Bukit Angksa Makmur in year of 2005 is Rp 8.063.423.856,10 with the variable cost Rp 221.881.029.070,92. The means of raw materials varian is Rp (36.507.552.431,99) favourable. The means of the direct employees is Rp (49.296,00) favourable. The means of overhead variable is Rp (175.905.700,76) favourable. The means of fixed averhead varian is Rp (118.626.927,28) favourable.Key word : Profit, Unfavourable, Favourable

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A Value for the Non-Valued

Advanced Integrated Approaches to Environmental Economics and Policy - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9562-5.ch003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 49-70

Author(s):

Kappina Kasturige Kamani Sylva

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Systems Theory ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Intrinsic Value ◽

Ecological System ◽

Trade Off ◽

Monetary Value ◽

A Value ◽

Existence Values ◽

Extrinsic Satisfaction

The ecosystem has its intrinsic value while offering an extrinsic satisfaction to humans. Ecosystem resources are devalued in the economic valuing process when a monetary value is difficult in assigning to the ‘non-use' effects of the separated functions of the ecosystem. There is a tendency to forego the value of the ecosystem, the bequest or existence values, although it offers some utility of satisfaction. This trade-off decision leads to detrimental effects on the survival of organisms. The chapter allows the decision-maker to identify the non-use ecosystem resources with an ‘off-trade' value for the production process through Reflective Analysis, systems theory and feed-in indicators. The off-trade decision would enable the sustainability of organisms in the ecological system with their interwoven functions intact and not exposed to bargaining as separated parts. As a result, it would help the regeneration of the valued resources for economic valuing process.

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Inside the Arbitrator's Mind

10.31228/osf.io/ea5pm ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Susan D. Franck ◽

Anne van Aaken ◽

James Freda ◽

Chris Guthrie ◽

Jeffrey J. Rachlinski

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Dispute Resolution ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Black Box ◽

Judgment And Decision Making ◽

Conventional Wisdom ◽

Quality Decision

66 Emory Law Journal 1115 (2017)Arbitrators are lead actors in global dispute resolution. They are to global dispute resolution what judges are to domestic dispute resolution. Despite its global significance, arbitral decision making is a black box. This Article is the first to use original experimental research to explore how international arbitrators decide cases. We find that arbitrators often make intuitive and impressionistic decisions, rather than fully deliberative decisions. We also find evidence that casts doubt on the conventional wisdom that arbitrators render “split the baby” decisions. Although direct comparisons are difficult, we find that arbitrators generally perform at least as well as, but never demonstrably worse than, national judges analyzed in earlier research. There may be reasons to prefer judges to international arbitrators, but the quality of judgment and decision making, at least as measured in these experimental studies, is not one of them. Thus, normative debates about global dispute resolution should focus on using structural safeguards and legal protections to enhance quality decision-making, regardless of decision maker identity or title.

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Séries de animação, indústria criativa e consumo de bens culturais

Diálogo com a Economia Criativa ◽

10.22398/2525-2828.1242-55 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Giovanni Tavares Pereira

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Production Process ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Frankfurt School ◽

Consumer Products ◽

Creative Industries ◽

Creative Industry ◽

Series Production ◽

Cultural Goods ◽

Social And Economic Development

Este artigo é um breve estudo do processo de produção de bens culturais nas Indústrias Criativas a partir da análise da produção de séries de animação e da identificação do público espectador com a série, a qual acaba sendo determinante para o consumo de produtos relacionados a esta, mostrando o quanto o público é decisor do sucesso de uma série e afastando os estudos no campo da indústria criativa da análise crítica e pessimista que fora proposta pela Escola de Frankfurt, mostrando assim, a importância da produção de bens culturais para o desenvolvimento social e econômico do país.Cartoon series, creative industry and consumption of cultural goodsAbstractThis article is a brief study of cultural goods production process in the Creative Industries from the analysis of the cartoon series production and identification of the viewing public with the series, which ends up being decisive for the consumer products related to this, showing how the audience is decision-maker of the success of series and away the studies in the field of Creative Industry from critical and pessimistic analysis that was proposed by the Frankfurt School, showing the importance of the production of cultural goods for social and economic development of Brazil.

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ANALISIS PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN BIAYA PEMELIHARAAN AKTIVA TETAP (MESIN) UNTUK MENJAGA KELANCARAN PRODUKSI PADA PT. TROPICA COCOPRIMA

GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI ◽

10.32400/gc.8.3.25105.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Anggreanny Pratiwi Walukow ◽

Agus Poputra ◽

Harijanto Sabijono

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Least Squares Method ◽

Maintenance Cost ◽

Variable Cost ◽

Fixed Cost ◽

Planning And Control ◽

Fixed Assets ◽

Cost Calculations ◽

And Control ◽

A Company

This researchwas case studyon PT. Tropica Cocoprima, the title is “Analysis of Planning and Contolling Maintenance Cost of Fixed Assets (Mechanical) To Maintain Smooth Production”. PT. Tropica Cocoprima is a company that produces flour as the end product of the production process. In the production process, production machinery plays an important rolein providing products there for eurgently needed care in order to avoid frequent damage. This purpose of research is to analysis routin cost of eengine maintenance cost for planning and control at PT. Tropica Cocoprima. To plan and controlling cost , need to the holding of separation between variable cost and fixed cost. This research used the least squares method for separate the variable cost and fixed cost. Calculations with using analysis three difference, was found that the companies getting difference inprofitable for costs maintenance of machine fixed namely on difference efficiency because the unit that produced is 1.750.000 kg greater than the planned unit is 1.166.415 kg.

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