scholarly journals What Happens after an Abortion Denial? A Review of Results from the Turnaway Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Sarah Miller ◽  
Laura R. Wherry ◽  
Diana Greene Foster
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opportunities To Learn ◽  
Study Team

We provide a brief overview of the Turnaway Study, the first study to collect longitudinal data on individual women who received versus were denied a wanted abortion in the United States. The study team collected data on nearly 1,000 women seeking an abortion from 30 facilities around the country and followed them for 5 years. We discuss some of the main findings from the study related to the health, labor, and human capital outcomes of the women who were denied abortions and gave birth. We conclude by describing future opportunities to learn from the study with new linkages to administrative data.

US Criminal Deportations and Human Capital in Central America

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Maria Micaela Sviatschi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Peer Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Law ◽  
Years Of Schooling

In this paper I ask whether peer effects generate changes in education investments in the areas where deported criminals are located in Central America using administrative data in El Salvador. I exploit the increase in criminal deportations from the United States in 1996 to analyze how individuals who grew up in municipalities affected by gangs in 1996 have fewer years of schooling when they are young adults. I find that individuals who were exposed during childhood to gang leaders have less schooling than those who were older than 16 in 1996 when the law was passed.

Immigrant Entrepreneurship: The Effect of Early Career Immigration Constraints on New Venture Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajshree Agarwal ◽  
Martin Ganco ◽  
Joseph Raffiee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Paid Employment ◽  
Specialized Human Capital ◽  
New Venture Formation

We examine how institutional factors may affect microlevel career decisions by individuals to create new firms by impacting their ability to exercise entrepreneurial preferences, their accumulation of human capital, and the opportunity costs associated with new venture formation. We focus on an important institutional factor—immigration-related work constraints—given that technologically intensive firms in the United States not only draw upon immigrants as knowledge workers but also because such firms are disproportionately founded by immigrants. We examine the implications of these constraints using the National Science Foundation’s Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System, which tracks the careers of science and engineering graduates from U.S. universities. Relative to natives, we theorize and show that immigration-related work constraints in the United States suppress entrepreneurship as an early career choice of immigrants by restricting labor market options to paid employment jobs in organizational contexts tightly matched with the immigrant’s educational training (job-education match). Work experience in paid employment job-education match is associated with the accumulation of specialized human capital and increased opportunity costs associated with new venture formation. Consistent with immigration-related work constraints inhibiting individuals with entrepreneurial preferences from engaging in entrepreneurship, we show that when the immigration-related work constraints are released, immigrants in job-education match are more likely than comparable natives to found incorporated employer firms. Incorporated employer firms can both leverage specialized human capital and provide the expected returns needed to justify the increased opportunity costs associated with entrepreneurial entry. We discuss our study’s contributions to theory and practice.

Human capital and export diversification as new determinants of energy demand in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 335-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Giray Gozgor ◽  
Shawkat Hammoudeh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Export Diversification

scholarly journals Local multipliers and human capital in the United States and Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Moretti ◽  
P. Thulin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
The United States

Overcoming the “Trump Trap”: How Thucydides Can Be Better Applied to US Policy on China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Leif-Eric EASLEY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Thucydides Trap ◽  
Rising Power

Analogies to the Peloponnesian War have been misapplied in studies of US–China relations, especially regarding the so-called “Thucydides trap” of inevitable conflict between an established power and a rising power. This article addresses methodological problems with deriving policy lessons from political theory and ancient history. It then argues that Thucydides is more applicable to overcoming a pattern of leadership mistakes reminiscent of Athens’ populist politics, erosion of international agreements and mismanagement of alliances. To meet the China challenge, the United States must renew its national strength with good governance, productive interdependence, and sustained investment in human capital.

The Present as the Future, 2

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kenneth Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Discipline ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come ◽  
Monetary And Fiscal Policy ◽  
Future 2

This chapter examines various developments in economics that are part of the present and will contend against the neoclassical tradition for recognition in the future. Industrial countries, including the United States, have already become deeply concerned with the economic ideas and more especially their practice in Japan. The chapter considers some of the lessons to come and that are coming from Japan, such as the industry–government cooperation and investment in human capital, It also discusses a number of ways to escape market discipline and deal with competition, including a return to tariff protection, and how the distinction between microeconomics and macroeconomics will blur and disappear due to factors such as the dynamic of prices and wages as a determinant of both inflation and unemployment. Finally, it comments on the future of domestic monetary and fiscal policy in relation to a nation's international position.

Is the New Immigration Less Skilled Than the Old?

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
George J. Borjas ◽  
Barry R. Chiswick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
World War ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Asian Immigration ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This chapter analyzes trends in the skills of immigrants to the United States in the post-World War II period. Changes in the supply, demand, and institutional factors determining immigration are analyzed for their implications for immigrant skills. The empirical analysis uses INS administrative data, the 1970 and 1980 Censuses, and the 1976 Survey of Income and Education. Relatively more immigrants are now coming from countries whose nationals earn less in the United States. The schooling level of immigrants has been fairly stable; the declining level for the growing Hispanic immigration is offset by the high level of the increasing Asian immigration. Immigrant quality, ceteris paribus, is analyzed. Policy implications are discussed.

Enhancing Student Productivity Using a Creativity Tutorial

2011 ◽  
pp. 915-923
Author(s):  
Monty McNair ◽  
Caroline Howard ◽  
Paul Watkins ◽  
Indira Guzman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Harvard Business Review ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Creative Talent ◽  
Society Today

Survival in the 21st century marketplace often depends on the creativity of organizational employees (Beckett, 1992; Hermann, 1993; Johnson, 1992; Kanter, 1982). Many historians attribute the emergence of the United States (US) as a twentieth century superpower to the creativity of its population (Florida, 2005; Ehrlich, 2007). They warn that the United States may be losing its dominance due to declines in the ability to attract and sustain human capital including the creative talent critical for innovation (Florida, 2004; Florida, 2005; Ehrlich, 2007). In his Harvard Business Review article, America’s Looming Creativity Crisis, Richard Florida of Carnegie Mellon describes the importance of creativity to the wealth of a society: “Today, the terms of competition revolve around a central axis: a nation’s ability to mobilize, attract and retain human creative talent.“ In other words, nations and their citizens depend on the creativity of their residents to ensure their economic prosperity.

Different Paths? Human Capital Prices, Wages, and Inequality in Canada and the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (S2) ◽  
pp. S689-S734
Author(s):  
Audra J. Bowlus ◽  
Chris Robinson ◽  
Haoming Liu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
The United States
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