Minimum Grade Requirements for Economics Majors: Effects on Enrollments and Student Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Core Courses ◽  
Economics Majors

This paper studies one college's policy requiring minimum grades in core courses for completion of the economics major. The policy reduced majors by approximately 6 percent. Grades of C-and D (requiring students to retake the course) dropped substantially, while grades of C (the minimum acceptable grade) did not change, and grades from C+ to B rose. Difference-in-difference analysis suggests that the policy caused the grade shift. Because C grades did not change and grades as high as B increased, I conclude that the policy caused increased effort by students who were below and somewhat above the performance standard.

scholarly journals Introduction of standardised packaging and availability of illicit cigarettes: a difference-in-difference analysis of European Union survey data 2015–2018

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A Laverty ◽  
Christopher Millett ◽  
Nicholas S Hopkinson ◽  
Filippos T Filippidis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk

Standardised packaging of tobacco products is intended to reduce the appeal of smoking, but the tobacco industry claims this increases illicit trade. We examined the percentage of people reporting being offered illicit cigarettes before and after full implementation of standardised packaging in the UK, Ireland and France and compared this to other European Union countries. Reported ever illicit cigarette exposure fell from 19.8% to 18.1% between 2015 and 2018 in the three countries fully implementing the policy, and from 19.6% to 17.0% in control countries (p for difference=0.320). Standardised packaging does not appear to increase the availability of illicit cigarettes.

Interprofessional Teamwork Innovation Model (ITIM) to promote communication and patient-centred, coordinated care

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 700-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Preetham Talari ◽  
Andrew Kelly ◽  
Barbara Latham ◽  
Sherri Dotson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Academic Medical Centre ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Interprofessional Teamwork ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Ed Visits

BackgroundDespite recommendations and the need to accelerate redesign of delivery models to be team-based and patient-centred, professional silos and cultural and structural barriers that inhibit working together and communicating effectively still predominate in the hospital setting. Aiming to improve team-based rounding, we developed, implemented and evaluated the Interprofessional Teamwork Innovation Model (ITIM).MethodsThis quality improvement (QI) study was conducted at an academic medical centre. We followed the system’s QI framework, FOCUS-PDSA, with Lean as guiding principles. Primary outcomes included 30-day all-cause same-hospital readmissions and 30-day emergency department (ED) visits. The intervention group consisted of patients receiving care on two hospitalist ITIM teams, and patients receiving care from other hospitalist teams were matched with a control group. Outcomes were assessed using difference-in-difference analysis.ResultsTeam members reported enhanced communication and overall time savings. In multivariate modelling, patients discharged from hospitalist teams using the ITIM approach were associated with reduced 30-day same-hospital readmissions with an estimated point OR of 0.56 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.92), but there was no impact on 30-day same-hospital ED visits. Difference-in-difference analysis showed that ITIM was not associated with changes in average total direct costs nor average cost per patient day, after adjusting for all other covariates in the models, despite the addition of staff resources in the ITIM model.ConclusionThe ITIM approach facilitates a collaborative environment in which patients and their family caregivers, physicians, nurses, pharmacists, case managers and others work and share in the process of care.

scholarly journals Impact of Medicaid expansion on women with gynecologic cancer: a difference-in-difference analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Albright ◽  
Dimitrios Nasioudis ◽  
Stuart Craig ◽  
Haley A. Moss ◽  
Nawar A. Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Difference Analysis

scholarly journals Effects of a Dementia Screening Program on Healthcare Utilization in South Korea: A Difference-In-Difference Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Jung Lee ◽  
Hyun-Ju Seo ◽  
Dong Young Lee ◽  
So-Hyun Moon
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Dementia Screening ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Prescription Rates

To determine whether Seoul’s dementia screening program increased the rate of diagnosis and the appropriate use of healthcare services for people with dementia, a retrospective data analysis was conducted based on administrative data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Two cohorts were constructed to represent the year before Seoul’s dementia screening program began (2007) (control group) and the year after the implementation of the program (2009) (treatment group). A difference-in-difference analysis was used to compare the diagnosis rates, number of clinic visits, and dementia-related drug prescription rates for 4 districts that implemented dementia screening programs between 2007 and 2009 and 14 areas that did not. After the introduction of the program, there was a 55.4% increase in physician-diagnosed dementia. The “average drug cost per patient” increased by 52.2% (Exp(β) = 1.522, p = 0.0264), the “average outpatient visits per patient” tended to increase by 13.5% (Exp(β) = 1.135, p = 0.1852), and the “average outpatient treatment fees per visit per patient” tended to increase by 24.4% (Exp(β) = 1.244, p = 0.0821). The implementation of dementia screening programs led to an increase in healthcare service utilization. Therefore, this program was found to be an effective strategy for reducing undiagnosed dementia cases and encouraging patients to use adequate healthcare services.

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