Can Women Teach Math (and Be Promoted)? A Meta-analysis of Gender Differences across Student Evaluations of Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Amanda J. Felkey ◽  
Cassondra Batz-Barbarich
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Student Teaching ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Student Evaluations Of Teaching ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Teaching Evaluations ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The Subject

Academic women in economics have different experiences and outcomes than men and women in other social science fields do, including bias within their performance evaluation instruments, student teaching evaluations (STEs). Despite research citing biases in STEs, no study summarized the magnitude of these biases. A systematic review and meta-analysis addresses this by combining data from all prior research on the subject. Our meta-analysis examines gender bias in STEs, finding significant gender differences in economics favoring men but no evidence for gender differences in the remaining social sciences. Implications are discussed, and recommendations are made.

Contradicting findings of gender bias in teaching evaluations: Evidence from two experiments in Denmark

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Skorkjær Binderkrantz ◽  
Mette Bisgaard ◽  
Berit Lassesen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Student Evaluations Of Teaching ◽  
Teaching Evaluations ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Evaluation Of Teaching

The role of gender in the interaction between citizens and public sector employees attracts increasing attention. Notably, gender effects have been described in performance evaluations across different contexts. With respect to student evaluations of teaching, a series of observational studies as well as experimental studies have found that women are evaluated lower than men. In this paper, we conduct two experiments in Denmark to test whether a similar gender bias is present in a national context that is generally considered among the most gender equal. Study 1 investigates differences in the evaluation of two similar presentations by teachers reported to be either male or female. Study 2 focuses on the evaluation of teaching material prepared by men and women respectively. The two studies arrive at similar conclusions: There is no gender bias in favor of men in the evaluations made by students. The paper discusses the implications of these findings.

scholarly journals UNDANG-UNDANG PERKAWINAN DAN MARGINALISASI PEREMPUAN (Studi Kritis Terhadap Undang-undang Perkawinan No.1 Tahun 1974)

EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdul Hamid, MA, Nur Fadhilah, S.HI
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Men And Women

Gender differences which generats gender role do not need to be refused as long as they do not cause undesirable impacts. However, the problem is that gender role creates unequality structures in particular aspects such as can be found in Marital Laws. Some sections of Marital laws are considered gender bias for women. For instance, section 31  verse 3 and section 4 are categorized as irrelevant sections to build gender as well as human rights equality which been recommended by CEDAW convention (Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Againts Women) and Act no 7/1984. Therefore, these efforts should be taken to establish the Act or the regulation based on gender perspective to achieve equality and justice for both sexes (men and women) in all aspects particularly in a family relationship.

scholarly journals Gender, Teaching Evaluations, and Professional Success in Political Science

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (02) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Female Faculty ◽  
Student Evaluations Of Teaching ◽  
Teaching Evaluations ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
Role Incongruity ◽  
Science Departments ◽  
Theories Of Leadership

ABSTRACTEvaluations of teaching effectiveness rely heavily on student evaluations of teaching. However, an accumulating body of evidence shows that these evaluations are subject to gender bias. Theories of leadership and role incongruity suggest that this bias should be especially prominent in large courses. This article examines publicly available data from two large political science departments and finds that female instructors receive substantively and significantly lower ratings than male instructors in large courses. The author discusses the implications of apparent gender bias in teaching evaluations for the professional success of female faculty. Findings of gender bias in evaluations in other fields also hold in political science and are particularly problematic in the evaluation of large courses.

The vertical glass ceiling: Explaining female politicians’ underrepresentation in television news

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby Vos
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Television News ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Status ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
Vertical Glass ◽  
Political Differences

AbstractThis study analyses television news coverage of female politicians in Flanders (Belgium). Women politicians receive less coverage than their male colleagues do. We investigate whether this gender bias can be explained by political differences between men and women or whether a real media bias exists. We examine ten possible explanations, which can be divided into two groups: characteristics of female politicians, such as their function, and of news features, such as the theme of the item. Overall, the lower level functions of female politicians largely determine their limited television news coverage. Nevertheless, female politicians still get less speaking time, even when controlling for all ten variables. Thus, in addition to political gender differences, a real gender bias exists in Flemish television news: Female politicians receive less news coverage compared to male politicians with a similar political status.

scholarly journals COVID-19 gender difference pattern in Iranian population, compared to the global pattern; a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
misagh rajabinejad ◽  
Hossein Asgarian-Omran
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Antibody Isotype ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted Sex-related immune responses. In this review, gender differences in seroprevalence, severity, mortality, and recovery in the Iranian population were systematically compared to the COVID-19 global pattern. This compressive meta-analysis was conducted on studies published up to April 1, 2021, examining seroprevalence in the general population as well as disease outcomes in hospitalized patients. Data were analyzed based on gender to determine differences between men and women in COVID-19. The PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, WOS, medRxiv, and bioRxiv were searched. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated based on the random-effects model, with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI), according to the number of participants reported in papers. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the age, antibody isotype, and detection assay. Overall, 61 studies with 225799 males and 237017 females were eligible for meta-analysis. Seroprevalence was 1.13 times higher (95% CI: 1.03, 1.24), mortality was 1.45 times higher (95% CI: 1.19, 1.77), and severity was up to 1.37 times higher (95% CI: 1.13, 1.67) in males than those of females in the general population across the globe. Mortality was higher in Iranian patients up to 26% in men (95% CI: 1.20, 1.33), but no significant difference was observed between disease severity and serum prevalence between men and women. Besides, the rate of recovery was 29% (global pattern) and 21% (Iran pattern) lower in males than in females. The results of subgroup analyses for seroprevalence were not significant for the age, antibody isotype, and detection methods. The results of our meta-analyses showed that the patient mortality and recovery patterns are similar in Iran and other countries in the context of gender differences, and the disease is more fatal in men.

scholarly journals Gender differences in symptomatology in people with psychotic spectrum disorders: protocol for a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena García Mieres ◽  
Marta Ferrer Quintero ◽  
Irene Bighelli ◽  
Judith Usall ◽  
Susana Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Paranoid Symptoms ◽  
Symptomatic Outcome ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Gender differences in symptomatology in people with psychosis have been studied extensively in last decades. Previous narrative reviews have shown some evidence of gender differences in depressive, negative and paranoid symptoms, but yielding inconclusive findings. These reviews are limited by not doing systematic searches nor performing quantitative synthesis of the evidence. Therefore, we aimed to systematically investigate if there are gender differences in symptoms in people with psychosis. We describe the protocol for a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis comparing a range of symptomatic outcome measures between men and women diagnosed with a psychotic spectrum disorder at different stages of the disorder (ultra-high risk for psychosis, early psychosis and established psychosis) in observational studies.

scholarly journals Converging evidence for greater male variability in time, risk, and social preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. e2026112118
Author(s):  
Christian Thöni ◽  
Stefan Volk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Experimental Economics ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Gender Specific

Gender differences in time, risk, and social preferences are important determinants of differential choices of men and women, with broad implications for gender-specific social and economic outcomes. To better understand the shape and form of gender differences in preferences, researchers have traditionally examined the mean differences between the two genders. We present an alternative perspective of greater male variability in preferences. In a meta-analysis of experimental economics studies with more than 50,000 individuals in 97 samples, we find converging evidence for greater male variability in time, risk, and social preferences. In some cases, we find greater male variability in addition to mean differences; in some cases, we only find greater male variability. Our findings suggest that theories of gender differences are incomplete if they fail to consider how the complex interaction of between-gender differences and within-gender variability determines differential choices and outcomes between women and men.

scholarly journals Gender differences in the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Zintel ◽  
Charlotte Flock ◽  
Anna Lisa Arbogast ◽  
Alice Forster ◽  
Christian von Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aim We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyse gender differences in COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Subject and methods PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo were searched (November 2020 to January 2021) for studies reporting absolute frequencies of COVID-19 vaccination intentions by gender. Averaged odds ratios comparing vaccination intentions among men and women were computed. Descriptive analyses of the studies were reported. Results Sixty studies were included in the review and data from 46 studies (n = 141,550) were available for meta-analysis. A majority (58%) of papers reported men to have higher intentions to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Meta-analytic calculations showed that significantly fewer women stated that they would get vaccinated than men, OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.28 to 1.55). This effect was evident in several countries, and the difference was bigger in samples of health care workers than in unspecified general population samples. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis found lower vaccination intentions among women than men. This difference is discussed in the light of recent data on actual vaccination rates in different countries.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Political Media Coverage: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Joanna Van der Pas ◽  
Loes Aaldering
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Women Politicians ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Abstract Do the media cover men and women politicians and candidates differently? This article performs a systematic analysis of 90 studies covering over 25,000 politicians in over 750,000 media stories, and presents the accumulated knowledge in a comprehensive theoretical framework. The paper shows that there is a gender bias in the amount of coverage of politicians in proportional electoral systems, where women politicians lag behind men in media attention, but that, surprisingly, this gender bias is absent in majoritarian electoral systems. In addition, we systematically review gender differences in the content of media reports on political candidates, such as differences in attention to private life and family, viability and horse-race coverage, issue coverage, and gender stereotypes. Overall, women politicians receive more attention to their appearance and personal life, more negative viability coverage, and, to some extent, stereotypical issue and trait coverage. We conclude by pointing out promising avenues for future research.

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