A new technique (the NOW test) for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the effusions of otitis media

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 499-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Faden ◽  
Christopher Poje ◽  
Michael Pizzuto ◽  
Mark Nagy ◽  
Linda Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Urinary Antigen Test ◽  
Pneumococcal Antigen ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

The presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic otitis media was determined with a new antigen detection kit, the NOW test. The NOW test was originally designed as a urinary antigen test but was adapted to middle-ear effusions for the present study. Middle-ear effusions from 52 children were studied. Streptococcus pneumoniae was cultured from 10 per cent of the effusions. The NOW test was positive in 23 per cent of the effusions, 80 per cent of culture positive and 17 per cent of culture negative effusions. The NOW test proved to be rapid, simple, reliable and relatively inexpensive for the detection of pneumococcal antigen in the middle-ear effusions. This test may prove valuable for the management of children with acute otitis media who undergo tympanocentesis.

scholarly journals In Vivo Efficacies of Amoxicillin and Cefuroxime against Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Gerbil Model of Acute Otitis Media

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cenjor ◽  
Carmen Ponte ◽  
Araceli Parra ◽  
Eva Nieto ◽  
Gloria García-Calvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Pneumococcal Strain ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

ABSTRACT The comparative efficacies of amoxicillin and cefuroxime against acute otitis media caused by a penicillin-resistant (MIC, 2 μg/ml) Streptococcus pneumoniae strain were assessed in a gerbil model by challenging each ear with 107 bacteria through transbullar instillation. Each antibiotic was tested at two doses (5 and 20 mg/kg of body weight) administered at 2, 10, and 18 h postinoculation. Samples were obtained from the middle ear (ME) on days 3 and 7 postinoculation for determination of bacterial counts. Only amoxicillin, at both doses, was able to significantly halt the weight loss in animals, reducing both the number of culture-positive animals and the bacterial concentration in ME samples versus the values for untreated animals. Comparison of the efficacies between the antibiotics, determined by their ability to achieve culture-negative ME specimens, showed that amoxicillin at 5 mg/kg was significantly more active than cefuroxime at the same dose. The use of higher doses of either amoxicillin or cefuroxime did not produce significantly better results than those obtained with the lower dose but caused a greater inflammatory response. The more favorable results obtained with amoxicillin compared with those obtained with cefuroxime could be related to the antimicrobial susceptibility of the pneumococcal strain (MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations of 1 and 1 μg/ml and 4 and 4 μg/ml for amoxicillin and cefuroxime, respectively) as well as to the better pharmacokinetic parameters obtained with amoxicillin.

Bacteriology of chronic otitis media with effusion

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Diamond ◽  
P. R. Sisson ◽  
A. M. Kearns ◽  
H. R. Ingham
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media

AbstractSamples of middle ear effusions from 102 children with serous and mucoid otitis media were cultured for mycoplasmas and bacteria. No sample yielded mycoplasmas but bacteria were cultured from 48 (47 per cent). Organisms commonly regarded as pathogens were present in 25 samples (Haemophilus influenzae 17, Streptococcus pneumoniae four, other streptococci four). The only sample from which anaerobic bacteria were isolated was from a patient with cholesteatoma.

scholarly journals Decreased expression of autophagy markers in culture-positive patients with chronic otitis media

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052093617
Author(s):  
Junyang Jung ◽  
Dong Choon Park ◽  
Young Il Kim ◽  
Eun Hye Lee ◽  
Myung Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Culture Negative

Objective Abnormal autophagy plays a role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate associations between the clinical manifestations of chronic otitis media (COM) and expression of autophagy markers. Methods Associations between presence of bacteria, otorrhea, and conductive and sensorineural hearing loss and levels of autophagy-related mRNAs were investigated in 47 patients with COM. Results Autophagy-related mRNAs were detected in all inflammatory tissues of COM patients. LC3-II showed the highest level of expression, followed by Beclin-1, P13KC3, Rubicon, and mTOR. Beclin-1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in culture-positive than in culture-negative patients. Conclusion Autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of COM. The finding that expression of autophagy markers, especially Beclin-1, was lower in culture-positive than in culture-negative patients suggested that these markers are closely associated with the clinical features of COM.

MIDDLE-EAR FLUID STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE SUSCEPTIBILITY AND SEROTYPE AND DISTRIBUTION IN MEXICAN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 121 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. S129.2-S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lopez-Enriquez ◽  
A. Blanco-Montero ◽  
L. E. Espinosa-Monteros ◽  
R. Rodriguez ◽  
C. De La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

scholarly journals Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Middle Ear Fluid and Nasopharynx of Children with Acute Otitis Media Exhibit Phase Variation

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1646-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arai ◽  
M. Hotomi ◽  
S. K. Hollingshead ◽  
Y. Ueno ◽  
D. E. Briles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid

Experimental otitis media after nasal inoculation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus in chinchillas

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
G S Giebink ◽  
I K Berzins ◽  
S C Marker ◽  
G Schiffman
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infection ◽  
Ear Effusion

Otitis media developed in 67% of chinchillas inoculated intranasally with type 7 Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus. Only 4% of chinchillas inoculated with influenza alone and 21% of chinchillas inoculated with S. pneumoniae alone developed otitis media. Among the chinchillas that developed otitis media after inoculation with both pneumococcus and influenza, 73% of the affected ears contained effusion, and 27% of the affected ears showed tympanic membrane inflammation without middle ear effusion obtained on paracentesis. Although a majority of the ears with effusion yielded S. pneumoniae on culture, one-third of the effusions were sterile for aerobic bacteria. This model resembles conditions accompanying otitis media in humans and suggests that respiratory viral infection contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of acute otitis media.

Overexpression of immune-responsive gene 1 prevents acute otitis media due to streptococcus pneumoniae infection through Nrf2- Hmox1 pathway

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhen Yang ◽  
Yufen Li ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Zhipeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Positive Rate

Abstract Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most commonly diagnosed childhood diseases that are associated with influenza infection. Immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1) is overexpressed in mammalian macrophage during inflammation process. Here, the present study aims to investigate the role of Irg1 in streptococcus pneumoniae infection-induced inflammatory response in AOM through Nrf2 signaling pathway. Methods: Positive rate of streptococcus pneumoniae and expression of Irg1, Nrf2 and Hmox1 were determined in the middle ear lavage fluid from 85 AOM patients infected with streptococcus pneumoniae and 48 healthy subjects. After the successful establishment of mice model with AOM, macrophage was harvest from the middle ear lavage fluid of mice. At last, to investigate the effect of Irg1 and Nrf2 signaling pathway on inflammatory response and streptococcus pneumoniae infection by accumulating macrophage, Irg1, sh-Irg1 and retinoic acid (an inhibitor of Nrf2 signaling pathway) were injected into AOM mice. Results: Irg1 exhibited a high level and activated Nrf2 signaling pathway was detected in AOM. Besides, positive rate of streptococcus pneumoniae was increased in AOM. Furthermore, in the mice model with AOM, Irg1 could repress inflammatory response by downregulating expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β and inhibit streptococcus pneumoniae infection by stimulating accumulation of macrophage to increase its endocytosis through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Taken together, Irg1 contributes to inhibiting inflammatory response and streptococcus pneumoniae infection in AOM by promoting accumulation of macrophage through activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway, which provides novel therapeutic targets for AOM therapy.

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