scholarly journals Fractional extracellular space and fractional water content of various rat tissues at different extracellular pH values and in uremia

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Rothe
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Brain Oedema ◽  
Extracellular Ph ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Cellular Space ◽  
Ph Values

Summary At different extracellular pH values fractional extra-cellular space (calculated from the distribution of 3H inulin) and fractional water content showed no significant differences. 72 h after nephrectomy both variables increased significantly. An exception to this was brain, where fractional extracellular space decreased and total intracellular water increased as a sign of brain oedema.

Water content of rat adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes in relation to cell size

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 1568-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
M DiGirolamo ◽  
JL Owens
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Adipose Mass

Epididymal adipose tissue composition and adipocyte water content were studied in male rats during growth and development of spontaneous obesity. The data show that a highly significant positive correlation exists between fat-cell volume and intracellular water space (IWS) (r=.967, P less than .001). Intracellular water, expressed as picoliters per fat cell, varied from 1.5-2 in small fat cells (mean vol, 30-50 pl) to 9-10 in large cells (800-1,000 pl). When expressed as percent of fat-cell volume, IWS varied from 5-7% in the small fat cells to 1-1.3% in the large ones. Total adipose tissue water continued to increase with increasing adipose mass. Similarly, total adipocyte water increased with enlarging cell size and tissue mass. The contribution of total adipocyte water (as contrasted to that of nonadipocyte water) to total tissue water, however, was found to be limited (less than 23%) and to decline progressively with adipose mass expansion.

scholarly journals A multiscale approach to estimate the cellular diffusivity during food drying

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary G Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Effective Diffusivity ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Multiscale Approach ◽  
Multiscale Models ◽  
Drying Model ◽  
Cellular Water ◽  
Multiscale Homogenization

Theoretical models for food drying commonly utilize an effective diffusivity solved through curve fitting based on experimental data. This creates models with limited predictive capabilities. Multiscale modeling is one approach which can help transition to a more physics-based model minimizing the empirical information required while improving a model’s predictive capabilities. However, to enable an accurate scaling operation, multiscale models require diffusivity at a fine scale (microscale). Measuring these properties is experimentally costly and time consuming as they are often temperature and/or moisture dependent. This research conducts an inverse analysis on a multiscale homogenization food drying model to deduce the temporal diffusivity of intracellular water. A representation of the real cellular water breakdown was considered and appropriate assumptions to represent its cellular heterogeneity, in relation to time, were investigated. The work uncovered that a linear decrease in intracellular water content could be assumed and thus a function for its diffusivity was developed. The proposed function is in terms of sample temperature and intracellular water content opening the possibilities to be applied to various food materials.

scholarly journals Platelet Water Content is Decreased by Gel-Filtration

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Wiley ◽  
G. Wray ◽  
I.A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Pellet ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Water Space

One approach to platelet sizing is to measure the intracellular water space of platelets with 3H-H2O since the % water content of platelets remains constant in states with different platelet sizes. Fresh citrated blood was centrifuged for 10 min at 150 'g' to obtain PRP. Aliquots of PRP were briefly incubated with either 3H-H2O or 14C-sucrose then layered over 0.3 ml dibutylphthalate and spun 4 min at 8000 'g'. The cell pellet was solubilized and counted to enable spaces to be calculated. The extracellular (sucrose) space was subtracted from the total water space of the pellet to give a mean intracellular water space of 0.56 ± 0.12 μ1/108 platelets (n =19). Assuming a water content of 7 5% and a density of 1.04, the mean platelet volume for normal subjects is 7.2 fl. Gel-filtration of platelets (GFP) on Sepharose-2B reduced their mean water space by 0.12 μl/108 platelets. However the amount of shrinkage on gel-filtration depended on the initial water space of the platelets in PRP and there was a linear relation between these two variables (r = 0.82). Shrinkage was 40% for an initial platelet water space of 0.70 μl/108 platelets but there was almost no shrinkage below a water space of 0.40 μl/108 platelets. Recovery of platelets from each column averaged 8 0% and showed no relation to the reduction in the mean cell water space. The lower water space of GFP may indicate a reduction in mean cell volume due to gel-filtration.

scholarly journals Intracellular Water Content in Lean Mass as an Indicator of Muscle Quality in an Older Obese Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1580
Author(s):  
Mateu Serra-Prat ◽  
Isabel Lorenzo ◽  
Mònica Papiol ◽  
Elisabet Palomera ◽  
Maria Bartolomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: In aged populations, muscle strength depends more on muscle quality than on muscle quantity, while all three are criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Intracellular water content (ICW) in lean mass (LM) has been proposed as an indicator of muscle quality related to muscle strength in older people. Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between the ICW/LM ratio, muscle strength and indicators of functional performance in obese older adults, and to assess the value of the ICW/LM ratio as an indicator of muscle quality. Methodology: Design: cross-sectional study. Population: persons aged 65–75 years with a body mass index of 30–39 kg/m2. ICW and LM were estimated by bioelectrical impedance. Hand grip, gait speed, unipedal stance test, timed up-and-go (TUG) test, Barthel score and frailty (Fried criteria) were assessed. Sarcopenia was established according to EWGSOP2 criteria. Results: Recruited were 305 subjects (66% women), mean age 68 years. The ICW/LM ratio correlated with the TUG test, gait speed and grip strength, and was also associated with sex, the unipedal stance test and frailty. Independently of age, sex and muscle mass, the ICW/LM ratio was related with gait speed, the TUG test and unipedal stance capacity. One person (0.3%) had sarcopenia defined as low muscle strength and low muscle mass, while 25 people (8.2%) had sarcopenia defined as low muscle strength and poor muscle quality (ICW/LM). With this last definition, sarcopenia was related to frailty, gait speed and the TUG test. Conclusions: ICW content in LM could be a useful muscle quality indicator for defining sarcopenia. However, more studies are required to confirm our findings for other populations.

Intracellular pH of isolated perfused turtle heart

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Waddell ◽  
Harold F. Hardman
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Extracellular Ph ◽  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Painted Turtles ◽  
Turtle Heart

Hearts from 15 painted turtles ( Chrysemys picta) were perfused for 30 minutes at 23°–26°C with a buffered salt solution. The pH of the perfusing solution was varied between 6.5 and 9.5. The intracellular pH values of the ventricles were calculated from the distribution of the weak acid, 5.5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO). It was found that the extracellular pH (pH e) and the intracellular pH (pH i) under these conditions could be related by the equation: pH i = 0.617 pH e + 2.98.

scholarly journals Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer is Associated with Severity of Brain Oedema following Experimental Subarachnoid Haemorrhage in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1089-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Tu ◽  
J Fu ◽  
J Wang ◽  
G Fu ◽  
L Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Oedema ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Inhibition Group ◽  
Brain Water

OBJECTIVE: Brain oedema is a major cause of clinical deterioration and death following brain trauma; cellular mechanisms involved in its development remain elusive. This study investigated the role of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in brain oedema. METHODS: The monofilament puncture model was used to induce subarachnoid haemorrhage. Adult male Sprague—Dawley rats were divided into five groups ( n = 20 per group): sham-operated, sacrificed immediately after surgery (sham group); sacrificed 12, 24 or 72 h after subarachnoid haemorrhage induction (SAH-12, SAH-24 and SAH-72 groups, respectively); treated with EMMPRIN inhibitor immediately after subarachnoid haemorrhage, sacrificed at 24 h (SAH-inhibition group). Mean brain water content, and EMMPRIN mRNA and protein levels, were determined. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, mean brain water content, EMMPRIN mRNA and protein levels in the SAH-12, SAH-24 and SAH-72 groups increased rapidly and significantly (maximal at 24 h). EMMPRIN inhibition significantly reduced mean brain water content and EMMPRIN mRNA and protein levels in the SAH-inhibition group, compared with the SAH-24 group. CONCLUSIONS: EMMPRIN upregulation may be important in the formation of brain oedema; inhibition of EMMPRIN activity may provide a potential approach to reduce oedema after subarachnoid haemorrhage.

scholarly journals Water Compartmentalization and Spread of Ischemic Injury in Thick-Slice Ischemia Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Hrabětová ◽  
Kevin C. Chen ◽  
Daniel Masri ◽  
Charles Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Diffusion Analysis ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Water Redistribution ◽  
Total Tissue

Water compartmentalization was studied in a thick-slice (1000 μm) model of ischemia by combining water-content measurements with extracellular diffusion analysis. Thick slices bathed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid continually gained water. Total tissue water content was increased by 67% after 6 hours of the incubation. Diffusion measurements using the tetramethylammonium method showed that the extracellular space, typically occupying 20% of brain tissue in vivo, was decreased to 10% at 30 minutes and 15% at 6 hours in both deep and superficial layers of thick slices. Quantification of water compartmentalization revealed that water moved initially from the extracellular space into the cells. Later, however, both compartments gained water. The initial cell swelling was accompanied by dramatic shifts in potassium. An initial rise of extracellular potassium to about 50 mmol/L was measured with a potassium-selective microelectrode positioned in the center of the thick slice; the concentration decreased slowly afterwards. Potassium content analysis revealed a 63% loss of tissue potassium within two hours of the incubation. In thick slices, ionic shifts, water redistribution, and a loss of synaptic transmission occur in both deep and superficial layers, indicating the spread of ischemic conditions even to areas with an unrestricted supply of nutrients.

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