Does venous insufficiency impair the exercise-induced rise in arterial leg blood flow?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
I H Nådland ◽  
J Wesche ◽  
D D Sheriff ◽  
K Toska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Tilted Position ◽  
Transient Rise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Artery Flow

Objectives It has been shown that the leg muscle pump increases the immediate rise in arterial leg blood flow during upright exercise in healthy subjects. The present study is the first to investigate the muscle pump effect in exercise hyperaemia in patients with venous insufficiency, who should be lacking an optimally functioning muscle pump. Methods Any muscle pump effect is more pronounced in an upright position because of gravitation. The exercise-induced rise in femoral artery flow (FF) (ultrasound Doppler) was thus compared in the supine and 30° head-up tilted position in 10 patients. Results Neither the transient nor the steady-state rise in FF showed any difference between positions. This is in contrast to the previous findings in healthy subjects, where the transient rise in FF was larger in the tilted position. Conclusion The muscle pump effect in exercise hyperaemia seems to be reduced or lacking in these patients.

Acute effects of blood flow restriction on exercise-induced free radical production in young and healthy subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Centner ◽  
Denise Zdzieblik ◽  
Patrick Dressler ◽  
Bruno Fink ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Free Radical Production ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Radical Production ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Exercise induced changes in T1, T2 relaxation times and blood flow in the lower extremities in healthy subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Varghese ◽  
Debbie Scandling ◽  
Chikako Ono ◽  
Ashish Aneja ◽  
William A Kay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
T2 Relaxation ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Impaired popliteal artery flow-mediated dilation caused by reduced daily physical activity is prevented by increased shear stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. Teixeira ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Lauro C. Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Artery Flow

We recently showed that 5 days of reduced daily physical activity impair popliteal artery, but not brachial artery, flow-mediated dilation (FMD). However, the mechanisms by which physical inactivity causes leg vascular dysfunction are unclear. We reason that a reduction in leg blood flow-induced shear stress is a primary underlying mechanism by which reduced daily physical activity impairs popliteal artery FMD. Thus the purpose of this study was to determine whether increased leg blood flow and shear stress during inactivity prevent the reduction in popliteal artery FMD. Bilateral popliteal artery FMD measures were performed at baseline and after 5 days of a transition from high (>10,000 steps/day) to low levels (<5,000 steps/day) of physical activity in 13 healthy and physically active men [20 ± 2 (SD) yr]. During the inactive period, one foot was submerged in ~42°C water (i.e., heated leg) three times a day for 30 min each period, to increase blood flow and thus shear stress, whereas the contralateral leg remained dry and served as internal control (i.e., nonheated leg). During heating, popliteal artery mean shear rate was increased in the heated leg (change of 119.3 ± 26.4%, P < 0.01) but slightly decreased in the nonheated leg (change of −21.8 ± 7.5%, P = 0.03). Popliteal artery FMD was impaired after 5 days of reduced daily physical activity in the control nonheated leg ( P < 0.01) but was unchanged in the heated leg ( P = 0.34). These results support the hypothesis that reduced leg blood flow-induced shear stress during physical inactivity is a key underlying mechanism mediating leg vascular dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that the impairment in popliteal artery flow-mediated dilation caused by physical inactivity can be prevented by increased shear stress. These findings indicate that reduced leg blood flow-induced shear stress during physical inactivity may be a key underlying mechanism mediating the detrimental leg vascular effects of physical inactivity. Heating the foot area may be used as a nonpharmacological therapy to combat inactivity-induced leg vascular dysfunction, especially in people who are unable or unwilling to be active.

Prostaglandin production contributes to exercise-induced vasodilation in heart failure

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1933-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chim C. Lang ◽  
Don B. Chomsky ◽  
Javed Butler ◽  
Shiv Kapoor ◽  
John R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Prostaglandin Production ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Arteriolar Vasodilation

Lang, Chim C., Don B. Chomsky, Javed Butler, Shiv Kapoor, and John R. Wilson. Prostaglandin production contributes to exercise-induced vasodilation in heart failure. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1933–1940, 1997.—Endothelial release of prostaglandins may contribute to exercise-induced skeletal muscle arteriolar vasodilation in patients with heart failure. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of indomethacin on leg circulation and metabolism in eight chronic heart failure patients, aged 55 ± 4 yr. Central hemodynamics and leg blood flow, determined by thermodilution, and leg metabolic parameters were measured during maximum treadmill exercise before and 2 h after oral administration of indomethacin (75 mg). Leg release of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α was also measured. During control exercise, leg blood flow increased from 0.34 ± 0.03 to 1.99 ± 0.19 l/min ( P < 0.001), leg O2 consumption from 13.6 ± 1.8 to 164.5 ± 16.2 ml/min ( P < 0.001), and leg prostanoid release from 54.1 ± 8.5 to 267.4 ± 35.8 pg/min ( P < 0.001). Indomethacin suppressed release of prostaglandin F1α( P < 0.001) throughout exercise and decreased leg blood flow during exercise ( P < 0.05). This was associated with a corresponding decrease in leg O2 consumption ( P < 0.05) and a higher level of femoral venous lactate at peak exercise ( P < 0.01). These data suggest that release of vasodilatory prostaglandins contributes to skeletal muscle arteriolar vasodilation in patients with heart failure.

Determination of Leg Blood Flow During Exercise in Man: An Indicator-Dilution Technique Based on Femoral Venous Dye Infusion

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wahren ◽  
L. Jorfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Indicator Dilution Technique

1. A dye-dilution method has been developed for the determination of leg blood flow in man. The method is based on the infusion of indicator into the distal part of the femoral vein with blood sampling from the same vein at the level of the inguinal ligament. Catheterization of the femoral artery is not required. Evidence of adequate mixing of dye and blood is presented, based on the finding of the same dye concentration in samples from two different levels in the femoral vein. 2. Leg blood flow measured by this technique at rest and during exercise in six healthy subjects was found to agree closely with simultaneous determinations with an intra-arterial indicator-dilution technique. The reproducibility of the blood-flow measurements, expressed as the coefficient of variation for a single determination, was 9·8%. 3. A routine procedure is suggested for leg blood-flow determination based on femoral venous dye infusion. Using this procedure, leg blood flow was measured in twelve healthy subjects at rest and during exercise at work loads of 100, 200, 400 and 600 kpm/min. A linear relationship was found between leg blood flow and pulmonary oxygen uptake. 4. The applicability of this method to the study of patients with occlusive arterial disease of the leg is illustrated by findings in two patients before and after vascular reconstruction.

scholarly journals Role of α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow with advancing age

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. H497-H504 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Walter Wray ◽  
Steven K. Nishiyama ◽  
Russell S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Vasoconstrictor Response ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

α1-Adrenergic vasoconstriction during dynamic leg exercise is diminished in younger individuals, although the extent of this exercise-induced “sympatholysis” in the elderly remains uncertain. Thus, in nine young (25 ± 1 yr) and six older (72 ± 2 yr) healthy volunteers, we evaluated changes in leg blood flow (ultrasound Doppler) during blood flow-adjusted intra-arterial infusion of phenylephrine (PE; a selective α1-adrenergic agonist) at rest and during knee-extensor leg exercise at 20, 40, and 60% of maximal work rate (WRmax). To probe the potential contributors to exercise-induced changes in α1-adrenergic receptor sensitivity, exercising leg O2 consumption (V̇o2) and lactate efflux were also evaluated ( n = 10). At rest, the PE-induced vasoconstriction (i.e., decrease in leg blood flow) was diminished in older (−37 ± 3%) compared with young (−54 ± 4%) subjects. During exercise, the magnitude of α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction in the active leg decreased in both groups. However, compared with young, older subjects maintained a greater vasoconstrictor response to PE at 40% WRmax (−14 ± 3%, older; −7 ± 2%, young) and 60% WRmax (−11 ± 3%, older; −4 ± 3%, young). It is possible that this observation may be attributed to lower absolute work rates in the older group, because, for a similar absolute work rate (≈10 W) and leg V̇o2 (≈0.36 l/min), vasoconstriction to PE was not different between groups (−14 ± 3%; older; −17 ± 5%, young). Together, these data challenge the concept of reduced sympatholysis in the elderly, suggesting instead that the inhibition of α1-adrenergic vasoconstriction in the exercising leg is associated with work performed and, therefore, more closely related to the rate of oxidative metabolism than to age per se.

Non-linear analysis of skin blood flow in patients suffering from chronic venous leg ulcers

Phlebologie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (02) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
K. Bräuer ◽  
C. Radke ◽  
A. Strölin ◽  
H.-M. Häfner
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Laser Doppler Fluxmetry ◽  
Significant Difference

SummaryThe elevated ambulatory pressure in the peripheral venous system in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency manifests itself not only in the form of disturbed macrocirculation but also and particularly in microangiopathic changes. Laser Doppler fluxmetry is a well established method to measure cutaneous blood flow. Aim of the study was to investigate the cutaneous vasomotion at the inner ankle in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency in the clinical stadium C6 compared to healthy subjects. Patients, methods: In 38 patients suffering from venous ulcer and in 33 healthy subjects continous time series of Laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF) data were recorded with a sampling frequency of 50 Hz over a period of 15 min. The patients were supine and LDF was measured at the inner ankle. Time series were analyzed using newly developed methods (wavelet analysis and biorthogenal decomposition). Results: There was a statistically significant difference in mean LDF between patients and healthy controls (94 SD 65 AU [C6] vs. 28 SD 13 AU (C0), p < 0.001). There also were statistically significant differences in the scaling levels using wavelet analysis corresponding to sympathetic activity, corresponding to myogenic activity in the vessel wall and corresponding to the heart beat. Conclusion: There are changes in vasomotion between patients with venous ulcers and healthy controls. We found a vasale neuropathy and a high degree in dysregulating skin perfusion. The new innovative strategies are suited for describing microcirculation and controlling therapies.

scholarly journals Taming the “sleeping giant”: the role of endothelin-1 in the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow and arterial blood pressure during exercise

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (1) ◽  
pp. H162-H169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Barrett-O'Keefe ◽  
Stephen J. Ives ◽  
Joel D. Trinity ◽  
Garrett Morgan ◽  
Matthew J. Rossman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

The cardiovascular response to exercise is governed by a combination of vasodilating and vasoconstricting influences that optimize exercising muscle perfusion while protecting mean arterial pressure (MAP). The degree to which endogenous endothelin (ET)-1, the body's most potent vasoconstrictor, participates in this response is unknown. Thus, in eight young (24 ± 2 yr), healthy volunteers, we examined leg blood flow, MAP, tissue oxygenation, heart rate, leg arterial-venous O2 difference, leg O2 consumption, pH, and net ET-1 and lactate release at rest and during knee extensor exercise (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 W) before and after an intra-arterial infusion of BQ-123 [ET subtype A (ETA) receptor antagonist]. At rest, BQ-123 did not evoke a change in leg blood flow or MAP. During exercise, net ET-1 release across the exercising leg increased approximately threefold. BQ-123 increased leg blood flow by ∼20% across all work rates (changes of 113 ± 76, 176 ± 83, 304 ± 108, 364 ± 130, 502 ± 117, and 570 ± 178 ml/min at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 W, respectively) and attenuated the exercise-induced increase in MAP by ∼6%. The increase in leg blood flow was accompanied by a ∼9% increase in leg O2 consumption with an unchanged arterial-venous O2 difference and deoxyhemoglobin, suggesting a decline in intramuscular efficiency after ETA receptor blockade. Together, these findings identify a significant role of the ET-1 pathway in the cardiovascular response to exercise, implicating vasoconstriction via the ETA receptor as an important mechanism for both the restraint of blood flow in the exercising limb and maintenance of MAP in healthy, young adults.

scholarly journals Oral antioxidants improve leg blood flow during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (5) ◽  
pp. H977-H985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Rossman ◽  
Joel D. Trinity ◽  
Ryan S. Garten ◽  
Stephen J. Ives ◽  
Jamie D. Conklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
The Impact

The consequence of elevated oxidative stress on exercising skeletal muscle blood flow as well as the transport and utilization of O2 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well understood. The present study examined the impact of an oral antioxidant cocktail (AOC) on leg blood flow (LBF) and O2 consumption during dynamic exercise in 16 patients with COPD and 16 healthy subjects. Subjects performed submaximal (3, 6, and 9 W) single-leg knee extensor exercise while LBF (Doppler ultrasound), mean arterial blood pressure, leg vascular conductance, arterial O2 saturation, leg arterial-venous O2 difference, and leg O2 consumption (direct Fick) were evaluated under control conditions and after AOC administration. AOC administration increased LBF (3 W: 1,604 ± 100 vs. 1,798 ± 128 ml/min, 6 W: 1,832 ± 109 vs. 1,992 ± 120 ml/min, and 9W: 2,035 ± 114 vs. 2,187 ± 136 ml/min, P < 0.05, control vs. AOC, respectively), leg vascular conductance, and leg O2 consumption (3 W: 173 ± 12 vs. 210 ± 15 ml O2/min, 6 W: 217 ± 14 vs. 237 ± 15 ml O2/min, and 9 W: 244 ± 16 vs 260 ± 18 ml O2/min, P < 0.05, control vs. AOC, respectively) during exercise in COPD, whereas no effect was observed in healthy subjects. In addition, the AOC afforded a small, but significant, improvement in arterial O2 saturation only in patients with COPD. Thus, these data demonstrate a novel beneficial role of AOC administration on exercising LBF, O2 consumption, and arterial O2 saturation in patients with COPD, implicating oxidative stress as a potential therapeutic target for impaired exercise capacity in this population.

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