scholarly journals Use of radiobiology in medical jurisprudence, with particular reference to delays in diagnosis and therapeutic onset

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1104) ◽  
pp. 20190672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bleddyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
Parameter Heterogeneity ◽  
Onset Delays ◽  
Probability Methods ◽  
Treatment Onset ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Correct Judgement ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

Objective: This paper considers aspects of radiobiology and cell and tissue kinetics applicable to legal disputations concerned with diagnostic and treatment onset delays. Methods: Various models for tumour volume changes with time are reviewed for estimating volume ranges at earlier times, using ranges of kinetic parameters. Statistical cure probability methods, using Poisson statistics with allowances for parameter heterogeneity, are also described to estimate the significance of treatment delays, as well as biological effective dose (BED) estimations of radiation effectiveness. Results: The use of growth curves, based on parameters in the literature but with extended ranges, can identify a window of earlier times when such tumour volumes would be amenable to a cure based on the literature for curability with stage (and dimensions). Also, where tumour dimensions are not available in a post-operative setting, higher cure probabilities can be achieved if treatment had been given at earlier times. Conclusion: The use of radiobiological modelling can provide useful insights, with quantitative assessments of probable prior conditions and future outcomes, and thus be of assistance to a Court in deciding the most correct judgement. Advances in knowledge: This study collates prior knowledge about aspects of radiobiology that can be useful in the accumulation of sufficient proof within medicolegal claims involving diagnostic and treatment days.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Radiation oncology and functional imaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S38-S40
Author(s):  
Th. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Radiation Oncology ◽  
Bronchogenic Carcinoma ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Target Volume ◽  
Head And Neck Tumours ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Surrounding Healthy Tissue ◽  
Prostate Carcinomas

Summary:PET/CT imaging is most likely to be of use in radiation oncology with patients who have poorly defined target volume areas, e.g. brain tumours, bronchogenic carcinoma, and cases of miscellaneous geographical miss. Other tumours that call for dose escalated radiotherapy, such as head and neck tumours, bronchogenic carcinoma, and prostate carcinomas may further benefit from an accurate delineation of the metabolically active tumour volume and its differentiation from surrounding healthy tissue, or tumour atelectasis.

Growth curves for children with X-linked hypophosphatemia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Mao ◽  
Thomas Carpenter ◽  
Michael Whyte ◽  
Alison Skrinar ◽  
Chao-Yin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves

Probiotics Slow the Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowles H. L.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when ingested in sufficient amounts, confer health benefits to the host by improving the gut microflora balance. The purpose of this research was to determine whether commercial probiotic products containing multitude of commensal bacteria would reduce the growth rate of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Growth curves were established, and the growth rates were compared for samples of E. coli, S. typhimurium, Nature’s Bounty Controlled Delivery probiotic, Sundown Naturals Probiotic Balance probiotic, and cocultures of the pathogenic bacteria mixed with the probiotics. The findings of this research were that the commercial probiotics significantly reduced the growth rate of E. coli and S. typhimurium when combined in cocultures. Probiotics containing multiple strains may be taken prophylactically to reduce the risk of bacterial infections caused by E. coli and S. typhimurium. Probiotics could be used to reduce the high global morbidity and mortality rates of diarrheal disease.

Treatment Delays and In-Hospital Outcomes in Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Kemal Erol ◽  
Meral Kayikcioglu ◽  
Mustafa Kilickap ◽  
Arda Guler ◽  
Abdullah Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Treatment Delays ◽  
Nationwide Study

Comparison of the Growth Curves of Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Toloudi ◽  
Eleni Ioannou ◽  
Marina Chatziioannou ◽  
Panagiotis Apostolou ◽  
Christos Kiritsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Growth Curves

Old Age Pensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Mathieu Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Old Age Poverty ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Social Security Benefits

This chapter gives an overview of the type of pension system existing in Europe. Contributive and redistributive systems are opposed but the chapter shows that pension systems are more often a mix of both. The chapter shows how these systems have been more or less effective in tackling old age poverty in most countries and it points to the main challenges that these systems are facing, namely population ageing and low labour-force participation. The major reforms that have been implemented to ensure future sustainability of pension systems are presented but a number of additional changes that should be implemented are discussed. The chapter also presents projections for future outcomes and the link between demographic challenges and social security benefits is highlighted.

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