Probiotics Slow the Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowles H. L.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms, which when ingested in sufficient amounts, confer health benefits to the host by improving the gut microflora balance. The purpose of this research was to determine whether commercial probiotic products containing multitude of commensal bacteria would reduce the growth rate of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Growth curves were established, and the growth rates were compared for samples of E. coli, S. typhimurium, Nature’s Bounty Controlled Delivery probiotic, Sundown Naturals Probiotic Balance probiotic, and cocultures of the pathogenic bacteria mixed with the probiotics. The findings of this research were that the commercial probiotics significantly reduced the growth rate of E. coli and S. typhimurium when combined in cocultures. Probiotics containing multiple strains may be taken prophylactically to reduce the risk of bacterial infections caused by E. coli and S. typhimurium. Probiotics could be used to reduce the high global morbidity and mortality rates of diarrheal disease.

Pollution, Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Organic Dyes and their Catalytic Bio-Remediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3645-3663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
M.I. Khan ◽  
Tahseen Kamal ◽  
Murad A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sanitation Services

: Water pollution due to waste effluents of the textile industry is seriously causing various health problems in humans. Water pollution with pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other microbes is due to the mixing of fecal material with drinking water, industrial and domestic sewage, pasture and agricultural runoff. Among the chemical pollutants, organic dyes due to toxic nature, are one of the major contaminants of industrial wastewater. Adequate sanitation services and drinking quality water would eliminate 200 million cases of diarrhea, which results in 2.1 million less deaths caused by diarrheal disease due to E. coli each year. Nanotechnology is an excellent platform as compared to conventional treatment methods of water treatment and remediation from microorganisms and organic dyes. In the current study, toxicity and carcinogenicity of the organic dyes have been studied as well as the remediation/inactivation of dyes and microorganism has been discussed. Remediation by biological, physical and chemical methods has been reviewed critically. A physical process like adsorption is cost-effective, but can’t degrade dyes. Biological methods were considered to be ecofriendly and cost-effective. Microbiological degradation of dyes is cost-effective, eco-friendly and alternative to the chemical reduction. Besides, certain enzymes especially horseradish peroxidase are used as versatile catalysts in a number of industrial processes. Moreover, this document has been prepared by gathering recent research works related to the dyes and microbial pollution elimination from water sources by using heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal nanoparticles catalysts, metal oxides and enzymes.

scholarly journals Evaluating the risk of bacterial infections associated with the most handled Iraqi notes in Kalar

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Mohammad Tawfeeq ◽  
Mohammed Hassan Fatah ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Tofiq
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Currency Note ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Every day new sources of microbial and especially bacterial infections are reported, which are not taken into account, the fact that these sources have been implicated in the outbreaks of these infections. The goals of the current research focused on the exploration of the scope of microbial pollution of the widely traded paper currency notes of the Iraqi currencies (250, 1000 and 5000 Iraqi Dinars) in Kalar city. 300 banknotes (100 samples for each of the denominations under investigation) in circulation were gathered from different categories of Kalar population and one fresh sample for each of the three currencies (control negative). Each bill was rinsed in 5 ml D.W then cultured on Nutrient agar, Mannitol Salt agar and MacConkey agar, respectively, then incubated at 37 ºC for up to 48 hours. Results revealed the rate of microbial contamination, specifically bacterial ones as 94%, 68%, and 60%, respectively on the denominations of 250, 1000, and 5000 of Iraqi Dinars. In a descending order, and with regard to the prevalence rate, bacterial species contaminated 250, 1000 and 5000 Iraqi denominations respectively were as follows: 55.31%, 32.35% and 36.66% for Bacillus sp.; 14.89%, 38.23% and 20% for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; 8.51%, 8.82% and 20% for E. coli; 2.12%, 11.76 and 20% for Pseudomonas sp.; 2.12% for each of Klebsiella sp., and Salmonella sp.; 10.63% and 4.25% for Enterobacter sp. and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, and only on 250 denomination;  2.94% and 5.88% for each of Corynebacterium sp. and Serratia sp. only on 1000 currency note; lastly, 3.33% for Proteus sp. on 5000 IQD only. These outcomes suggest that bacterial contamination of Iraqi Dinars, specifically the 250 denomination is risky and could be regarded as the real source of infectious diseases with the most dangerous pathogenic bacteria.  

scholarly journals Specifi c composition of microfl ora circulating at the FARM “Quant System” and its resistance to antibacterial medicines

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Ya. Kisera ◽  
L. Bozhyk ◽  
N. Grynevych ◽  
Yu. Storchak
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogenic ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Accumulation of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the aquatic environment may lead to the changes in the structure of the surface cover microbiocenosis as well as the fish intestinal tract. In its turn, it causes the growth of pathological processes in the fish organism, reduces the barrier functions of tissues and mucus and, as a consequence, may induce the spread of bacterial infections. Thus, assessing the state of fish organism, it is necessary to take into account the analysis of the epizootic situation in water (i.e. presence of infectious and invasive diseases of fish, death of fish) as well as condition of the skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract. The results of bacteriological studies of washes from the skin, gills and intestines showed that in the conditions of farming among rainbow trout of different age groups, E. coli, low fermented E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., Flavibacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. and Citrobacter spp. For the purposes of determining the sensitivity of isolated cultures to antibacterial drugs, it was found that Enterobacteriaceae are sensitive to enrofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, doxacillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, ceftazidime and cefpiromycin and resistant to oxytetracycline, amoxicillin and ampicillin sulbactam. E. coli also demonstrated resistance to amoxicillin and cefpirome and sensitivity to enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, cotrimoxazole, doxacillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin sulbactam, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, ceftazidime. Klebsiella pneumoniae was resistant to enrofloxacin, amoxicillin and ampicillin sulbactam, while Flavobacteriaceae were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin sulbactam and sensitive to all other antibacterial drugs. Key words: rainbow trout, microflora, skin, gills, intestines, antibacterial agents, resistance, sensitivity.

scholarly journals Virulence of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, a Global Pathogen

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Clarke ◽  
R. D. Haigh ◽  
P. P. E. Freestone ◽  
P. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Lesion Site ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterocyte Effacement ◽  
Broad Overview

SUMMARY Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) remains an important cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. Research into EPEC is intense and provides a good virulence model of other E. coli infections as well as other pathogenic bacteria. Although the virulence mechanisms are now better understood, they are extremely complex and much remains to be learnt. The pathogenesis of EPEC depends on the formation of an ultrastructural lesion in which the bacteria make intimate contact with the host apical enterocyte membrane. The formation of this lesion is a consequence of the ability of EPEC to adhere in a localized manner to the host cell, aided by bundle-forming pili. Tyrosine phosphorylation and signal transduction events occur within the host cell at the lesion site, leading to a disruption of the host cell mechanisms and, consequently, to diarrhea. These result from the action of highly regulated EPEC secreted proteins which are released via a type III secretion system, many genes of which are located within a pathogenicity island known as the locus of enterocyte effacement. Over the last few years, dramatic increases in our knowledge of EPEC virulence have taken place. This review therefore aims to provide a broad overview of and update to the virulence aspects of EPEC.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli as Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria among Food-Producing Animals: Health Implications of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Production

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Sónia Ramos ◽  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius ◽  
Manuela Caniça ◽  
María Teresa Tejedor-Junco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coli are facultative, anaerobic Gram-negative rods with many facets. Within resistant bacterial populations, they play an important ecological role and can be used as a bioindicator of antimicrobial resistance. All animal species used for food production, as well as humans, carry E. coli in their intestinal tracts; plus, the genetic flexibility and adaptability of this bacteria to constantly changing environments allows it to acquire a great number of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Thus, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in these commensal bacteria (or others, such as enterococci) can be a good indicator for the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents, providing an early warning of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. As many as 90% of E. coli strains are commensals inhabiting the intestinal tracts of humans and warm-blooded animals. As a commensal, it lives in a mutually beneficial association with its hosts and rarely causes diseases. However, E. coli also remains as one of the most frequent causes of several common bacterial infections in humans and animals. In humans, it is the prominent cause of enteritis, community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI), septicemia, postsurgical peritonitis, and other clinical infections, such as neonatal meningitis, while, in farm animals, it is more prominently associated with diarrhea. On a global scale, E. coli can be considered the most important human pathogen, causing severe infection along with other major bacterial foodborne agents, such as Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter. Thus, the importance of resistance in E. coli, typically considered a benign commensal, should not be underestimated.

Linear and cyclic oligo-β-(1→6)-D-glucosamines: Synthesis, conformations, and applications for design of a vaccine and oligodentate glycoconjugates

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina L. Gening ◽  
Yury E. Tsvetkov ◽  
Denis V. Titov ◽  
Alexey G. Gerbst ◽  
Olga N. Yudina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Conformational Studies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Family ◽  
Protein Carriers ◽  
Convergent Approach ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
And Function

Poly-β-(1→6)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is an exopolysaccharide secreted by numerous pathogenic bacteria, includingStaphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Yersinia pestis,Bordetella pertussis,Acinetobacter baumannii,Burkholderiaspp., and others. A convergent approach was developed for the synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments consisting of 5, 7, 9, and 11 glucosamine orN-acetylglucosamine units and for the preparation of five nona-β-(1→6)-D-glucosamines with variousN-acetylation patterns. Penta- and nona-β‑(1→6)-D-glucosamines conjugated to protein carriers through a specially developed sulfhydryl linker proved to be highly immunogenic in mice and rabbits and elicited antibodies that mediated opsonic killing of multiple strains ofS. aureus(including methicillin-resistantS. aureus, MRSA) andE. coli, and protected againstS. aureusskin abscesses and lethalE. coliandB. cenocepaciaperitonitis. These findings provide a basis for the construction of a unique semisynthetic vaccine against multiple bacterial targets. Conformational studies by means of special NMR experiments and computer modeling revealed that the oligo-β-(1→6)-D-glucosamine chain exists mostly in a helix-like conformation, where the terminal monosaccharides are arranged close to each other. Owing to this feature, oligoglucosamines consisting of 2 to 7 residues easily form products of cycloglycosylation. Cyclooligo-β-(1→6)-D-glucosamines represent a new family of functionalized cyclic oligosaccharides. Owing to their molecular architectonics, these compounds are convenient scaffolds for the design of conjugates with defined valency, symmetry, flexibility, and function.

scholarly journals Synergistic Antibacterial Potential and Cell Surface Topology Study of Carbon Nanodots and Tetracycline Against E. coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhermendra K. Tiwari ◽  
Gargi Jha ◽  
Manisha Tiwari ◽  
Savita Kerkar ◽  
Suman Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
Carbon Nanodots ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Morphological Studies

Increasing drugs and antibiotic resistance against pathogenic bacteria create the necessity to explore novel biocompatible antibacterial materials. This study investigated the antibacterial effect of carbon dot (C-dot) against E. coli and suggested an effective synergistic dose of tetracycline with C-dot, using mathematical modeling of antibacterial data. Colony count and growth curve studies clearly show an enhanced antibacterial activity against E. coli synergistically treated with C-dot and tetracycline, even at a concentration ten times lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Richards model-fit of growth curve clearly showed an increase in doubling time, reduction in growth rate, and early stationary phase in the synergistic treatment with 42% reduction in the growth rate (μm) compared to the control. Morphological studies of E. coli synergistically treated with C-dot + tetracycline showed cell damage and deposition of C-dots on the bacterial cell membrane in scanning electron microscopy imaging. We further validated the topological changes, cell surface roughness, and significant changes in the height profile (ΔZ) with the control and treated E. coli cells viewed under an atomic force microscope. We confirmed that the effective antibacterial doses of C-dot and tetracycline were much lower than the MIC in a synergistic treatment.

scholarly journals A Novel Nano-Antimicrobial Polymer Engineered with Chitosan Nanoparticles and Bioactive Peptides as Promising Food Biopreservative Effective against Foodborne Pathogen E. coli O157-Caused Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammatory Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13580
Author(s):  
Ming Kuang ◽  
Haitao Yu ◽  
Shiyan Qiao ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
E Coli

For food quality and safety issues, the emergence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria has further accelerated the spread of antibiotic residues and drug resistance genes. To alleviate the harm caused by bacterial infections, it is necessary to seek novel antimicrobial agents as biopreservatives to prevent microbial spoilage. Nanoantimicrobials have been widely used in the direct treatment of bacterial infections. CNMs, formed by chitosan nanoparticles and peptides, are promising antibiotic alternatives for use as excellent new antibacterial drugs against pathogenic bacteria. Herein, the current study evaluated the function of CNMs in the protection of foodborne pathogen Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157 infection using an intestinal epithelial cell model. Antibacterial activity assays indicated that CNMs exerted excellent bactericidal activity against E. coli O157. Assessment of the cytotoxicity risks toward cells demonstrated that 0.0125–0.02% of CNMs did not cause toxicity, but 0.4% of CNMs caused cytotoxicity. Additionally, CNMs did not induced genotoxicity either. CNMs protected against E. coli O157-induced barrier dysfunction by increasing transepithelial electrical resistance, decreasing lactate dehydrogenase and promoting the protein expression of occludin. CNMs were further found to ameliorate inflammation via modulation of tumor factor α, toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) expression via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB activation and improved antioxidant activity. Taken together, CNMs could protect the host against E. coli O157-induced intestinal barrier damage and inflammation, showing that CNMs have great advantages and potential application as novel antimicrobial polymers in the food industry as food biopreservatives, bringing new hope for the treatment of bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Štúidium rastu a produkcie biogénnych amínov niektorými mikroorganizmami za modelových podmienok

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Greif ◽  
M. Greifova ◽  
J. Dvoran ◽  
J. Karovicova ◽  
V. Buchtova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cell Densities

The study was aimed at the growth of selected strains from the family Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli,  Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in meat-peptone (MPB) broth and cabbage juice at different cultivation temperatures, and at the production of biogenic amines (cadaverine, putrescine, histamine). Bacterial growth was evaluated on the basis of specific growth rate (IJm) and lag phase (A.) calculated from growth curves. Cadaverine was produced as the first amine in MPB and cabbage juice by all studied st rains at the cultivation temperatures and at Jiving cell densities 10 6 KTJ/cm3. Putrescine was produced by E. coli only in both substrates at the cultivation temperatures. Histamine was produced by E. coli at 18 °C in cabbage juice and by Enterobacter aerogenes  in both substrates at the cultivation temperatures.

scholarly journals Isolation of bacteriophages from untreated sewage water against multi-drug resistant E.coli - An initiative to fight against drug resistance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Qamar ◽  
Mohd Owais ◽  
Dushyant Kumar Chauhan ◽  
Sumbul Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Untreated Sewage

Abstract Background: Pathogenic Escherichia coli, common drinking water contaminant, cause a large number of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to the WHO estimates approximately 63,000 annual deaths are due to E. coli infections. Due to selective pressure on coliforms, resistant microbial strains are produced that threatens modern medicine where common infections could become more deadly. So, there is an urgent need to develop alternative anti-microbial to replace existing antibiotics for treating a broad spectrum of bacterial diseases. This revived the interest of scientists in phages as an alternative therapy. Phage therapy is defined as a therapeutic use of bacteriophages (natural predators of bacteria) for treating bacterial infections. In the present study pure phage strain was isolated from the untreated sewage water sample and subjected to 10 fold dilution following double agar layer assay to determine phage titer against multi-drug resistant E.coli following host range analysis and stability testing at varying temperature and pH. Results: Sewage water contains a vast variety of different sizes bacteriophages with clear to diffused boundaries. The pure plaque isolated after repeated plating showed that it was highly specific against tested E. coli strain and could not lyse strains from other species. The titer was calculated to be 109 PFU/ml that remained unchanged at 4°C, 37°C and 50°C temperature. However, at higher pH range phage viability decreases. Conclusions: In future, it would be expected that the isolated bacteriophages could be characterized and used as a therapeutic potential against multi-drug resistant E.coli that not only attenuate superbug spread but could also replace antibiotics. Beside, isolated phages would be utilized as a bio-component in biosensor development against food borne pathogenic bacteria.

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