scholarly journals Imaging of inflammatory disease of the pancreas

2021 ◽  
pp. 20201214
Author(s):  
Nina Bastati ◽  
Antonia Kristic ◽  
Sarah Poetter-Lang ◽  
Alina Messner ◽  
Alexander Herold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Mr Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Cystic Fluid ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pancreatic Duct Stenting ◽  
Acute And Chronic Pancreatitis

Increasingly acute and chronic pancreatitis (AP and CP) are considered a continuum of a single entity. Nonetheless, if, after flare-up, the pancreas shows no residual inflammation, it is classified as AP. CP is characterised by a long cycle of worsening and waning glandular inflammation without the pancreas ever returning to its baseline structure or function. According to the International Consensus Guidelines on Early Chronic Pancreatitis, pancreatic inflammation must last at least 6 months before it can be labelled CP. The distinction is important because, unlike AP, CP can destroy endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function, emphasising the importance of early diagnosis. As typical AP can be diagnosed by clinical symptoms plus laboratory tests, imaging is usually reserved for those with recurrent, complicated or CP. Imaging typically starts with ultrasound and more frequently with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). MRI and/or MR cholangiopancreatography can be used as a problem-solving tool to confirm indirect signs of pancreatic mass, differentiate between solid and cystic lesions, and to exclude pancreatic duct anomalies, as may occur with recurrent AP, or to visualise early signs of CP. MR cholangiopancreatography has replaced diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, ERCP, and/or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) remain necessary for transpapillary biliary or pancreatic duct stenting and transgastric cystic fluid drainage or pancreatic tissue sampling, respectively. Finally, positron emission tomography-MRI or positron emission tomography-CT are usually reserved for complicated cases and/or to search for extra pancreatic systemic manifestations. In this article, we discuss a broad spectrum of inflammatory pancreatic disorders and the utility of various modalities in diagnosing acute and chronic pancreatitis.

Destination of Mental Disorders Through Biochemical and Neuropathological Analysis?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
P. Falkai
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Dopamine Hypothesis

In the first half of the last century researchers believed that severe mental disorders like schizophrenia have a neuropathological basis. Up to now it has been difficult to prove any consistent core finding for this disorder. Reason for this might be that it is a network disorder and therefore regional specific findings will unlikely be found. Parallel to that describing the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and the catechol amine deficit hypothesis of depression were very helpful for understanding the mechanisms of antipsychotics and antidepressants working in these disorders. Especially the introduction of the positron emission tomography has helped to link symptoms with the transmitter systems. However, none of these findings are specific for schizophrenia or depression. During the talk it will be discussed when the combination of core clinical symptoms, imaging findings and genetic variables are helpful for a future classification of psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Combined Study of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and [11C]Methionine Accumulation in Probable Alzheimer's Disease Using Positron Emission Tomography

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Salmon ◽  
M. C. Gregoire ◽  
G. Delfiore ◽  
C. Lemaire ◽  
C. Degueldre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Positron Emission

There is a characteristic decrease in glucose metabolism in associative frontal and temporo-parietal cortices of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). The decrease in metabolism might result from local neuronal loss or from a decrease of synaptic activity. We measured in vivo [11C]methionine accumulation into proteins with positron emission tomography (PET) to assess cortical tissue loss in AD. Both global regional activity and compartmental analysis were used to express [11C]methionine accumulation into brain tissue. Glucose metabolism was measured with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and autoradiographic method. Combined studies were performed in 10 patients with probable AD, compared to age-matched healthy volunteers. There was a significant 45% decrease of temporo-parietal glucose metabolism in patients with AD, and frontal metabolism was lowered in most patients. Temporo-parietal metabolism correlated to dementia severity. [11C]methionine incorporation into temporo-parietal and frontal cortices was not significantly decreased in AD. There was no correlation with clinical symptoms. Data suggest that regional tissue loss, assessed by the decrease of [11C]methionine accumulation, is not sufficient to explain cortical glucose hypometabolism, which reflects, rather, reduced synaptic connectivity.

scholarly journals Network Diffusion Modeling Explains Longitudinal Tau PET Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelie Schäfer ◽  
Elizabeth C. Mormino ◽  
Ellen Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Network Diffusion

Alzheimer's disease is associated with the cerebral accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The progressive occurrence of tau aggregates in different brain regions is closely related to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. However, our current understanding of tau propagation relies almost exclusively on postmortem histopathology, and the precise propagation dynamics of misfolded tau in the living brain remain poorly understood. Here we combine longitudinal positron emission tomography and dynamic network modeling to test the hypothesis that misfolded tau propagates preferably along neuronal connections. We follow 46 subjects for three or four annual positron emission tomography scans and compare their pathological tau profiles against brain network models of intracellular and extracellular spreading. For each subject, we identify a personalized set of model parameters that characterizes the individual progression of pathological tau. Across all subjects, the mean protein production rate was 0.21 ± 0.15 and the intracellular diffusion coefficient was 0.34 ± 0.43. Our network diffusion model can serve as a tool to detect non-clinical symptoms at an earlier stage and make informed predictions about the timeline of neurodegeneration on an individual personalized basis.

scholarly journals In vivo Mesolimbic D2/3 Receptor Binding Predicts Posttherapeutic Clinical Responses in Restless Legs Syndrome: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Oboshi ◽  
Yasuomi Ouchi ◽  
Shunsuke Yagi ◽  
Satoshi Kono ◽  
Noriyoshi Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Severity Scores

Although D2/3 agonists have been used as a first-line medication for idiopathic restless legs syndrome (iRLS), findings on D2/3 receptors have been inconsistent. Here, we aimed to clarify the contribution of D2/3 receptor function to the clinical symptoms of iRLS by comparing the binding potential (BPND) of [11C]raclopride with clinical improvements after D2/3 stimulation by pramipexole. Eight drug-naïve, iRLS patients and eight age-matched healthy subjects were scanned with positron emission tomography (PET). After PET scans, all patients received pramipexole (0.125 mg) orally for 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated every day with several standardized clinical tests. The BPND values were compared using regions of interest and voxel-based methods. Results showed that the mean magnitude of [11C]raclopride BPND in the mesolimbic dopamine region (nucleus accumbens (NA) and caudate) was significantly lower in the iRLS group. No significant differences between groups were observed in the putamen. The NA [11C]raclopride BPND levels correlated negatively with clinical severity scores and positively with the degree of posttreatment improvement in iRLS. The present results suggest that alterations in mesolimbic D2/3 receptor function reflect the pathophysiology of iRLS, and the baseline availability of D2/3 receptors may predict the clinical outcome after D2/3 agonist treatment.

Impact of presynaptic sympathetic imbalance in long-QT syndrome by positron emission tomography

Heart ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Zumhagen ◽  
Alexis Vrachimis ◽  
Lars Stegger ◽  
Peter Kies ◽  
Christian Wenning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Long Qt Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Long Qt ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Qt Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveWe investigated the impact of cardiac presynaptic norepinephrine recycling in patients with long-QT syndrome (LQTS) using positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-meta-hydroxyephedrine ([11C]mHED-PET).Methods[11C]mHED-PET was performed in 25 patients with LQTS (LQT1: n=14; LQT2: n=11) and 20 healthy controls and correlated with clinical parameters. [11C]mHED-PET images were analysed for global and regional retention indices (RI) and washout rates (WO) reflecting dynamic parameters of the tracer activity.ResultsGlobal and regional RI values were similar between patients with LQTS and controls. Although the global WO rates were similar between these groups, regional WO rates were on average higher in the lateral left ventricle (LV) wall in patients with LQTS (dose, mean ±SD; 0.08±0.14 vs 0.00%±0.09% min–1; p=0.033). In addition, patients with LQTS with a longer QTc interval showed a higher global WO rate. Clinical symptoms correlated with higher global WO rates. In the presence of normal global WO rates, asymptomatic LQTS patients showed higher global RI values.ConclusionThe increased regional WO rate of [11C]mHED in the lateral LV suggests an imbalance of presynaptic catecholamine reuptake and release, resulting in a higher synaptic catecholamine concentration, in particular in LQT1 patients. This might enhance β-adrenoceptor signalling and thereby aggravate inherited ion channel dysfunction and may facilitate occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Detection of regional differences in LV sympathetic nervous function may modify disease expression and potentially serve as a non-invasive risk marker in congenital LQTS.Trial registration number2006-002767-41;Results.

Hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: positron emission tomography evaluation before and after treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 806-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Iwama ◽  
Nobuo Hashimoto ◽  
Yasushi Takagi ◽  
Michihiro Tanaka ◽  
Satoshi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Angiographic Findings

✓ In patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), clinical symptoms and angiographic findings vary. The relevance of disturbed venous drainage to clinical symptoms and prognosis has been recognized. However, the roles of cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism, which are impaired by shunt flow or disturbed venous drainage, have not been fully evaluated. The authors studied the cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic status in 10 patients with intracranial dural AVFs using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. Ten patients with dural AVFs underwent a PET study before treatment. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), regional oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), regional cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (rCMRO2), and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were measured using the 15O-labeled gas inhalation steady-state method. The PET parameters that were obtained were analyzed and compared with the patients' neurological and angiographic findings. In six of the 10 patients, a PET study was also performed after treatment. Before treatments, all four patients with cerebral symptoms showed a severe reduction in rCBF and a mild elevation in the rOEF. The areas showing reduced rCBF corresponded with areas in which retrograde venous drainage into the cortical veins and delayed parenchymal circulation were seen on angiograms. In another two patients with occlusion of the affected sinus and/or retrograde drainage into the cortical veins, mild abnormalities were demonstrated in rCBF mapping. In the remaining four patients, all PET parameters except rCBV were within normal limits and venous flow was not impaired on the angiograms. In four patients who underwent surgical excision or transvenous embolization of the affected sinus, the cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism were improved, as were the clinical symptoms. In two patients who underwent transarterial embolization of the feeding vessels only or craniotomy, no hemodynamic improvement was achieved. Our results indicate that hemodynamic insufficiency detected by the PET study corresponded well with cerebral symptoms and angiographic findings of retrograde venous drainage into the cortical veins and delayed parenchymal circulation, but not with sinus occlusion or arterial blood supply. Eradication or prevention of retrograde venous drainage from the affected sinus into the cortical veins should be a treatment goal in patients with dural AVFs.

Intimal sarcoma of the pulmonary artery without 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Shinya Masuda ◽  
Kota Itagaki ◽  
Masaaki Naganuma ◽  
Nobuaki Suzuki ◽  
Hidekachi Kurotaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Intimal Sarcoma ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

Primary pulmonary intimal sarcoma is rare. Differentiating it from pulmonary thromboembolism is difficult because of similarities in clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Positron-emission tomography-computed tomography has been useful for diagnosing primary pulmonary intimal sarcoma. We describe a rare case of primary pulmonary intimal sarcoma that showed no abnormal 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron-emission tomography. We resected the mass and performed right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Proper diagnosis is necessary to determine appropriate therapy, Clinicians must consider the possibility of primary pulmonary intimal sarcoma even if imaging findings are inconsistent with the disease.

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