“Black ring-shaped burn” in button battery ingestion is not a burn — Comparison with charring using spectral CT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihiro Shinkawa ◽  
Takayuki Meiri ◽  
Eiji Kakizaki ◽  
Ai Sonoda ◽  
Nobuhiro Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Button Battery ◽  
Spectral Computed Tomography ◽  
Pectoralis Minor Muscle ◽  
Pole Surface ◽  
Attenuation Values ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Objectives: To compare “black ring-shaped burn” (BRSB) and charring using spectral computed tomography (CT). Methods: Spectral CT was performed using chicken pectoralis minor muscle, processed in three ways and unprocessed as a control: a) BRSB generated by bringing the negative pole surface of a 3 V button battery (BB) into contact with the muscle; b) BRSB caused by a 1.5 V BB; c) charring caused by broiling; and d) control. Attenuation values were compared between BRSB and charring. Muscles were formalin-fixed and stained with Perls’ Prussian blue. Results: Attenuation values from polychromatic 120-kVp images were significantly higher for BRSBs than for charring. In the spectral Hounsfield unit curve, attenuation values for BRSBs were higher for lower energy. Histopathologically, BRSBs stained positively with Perls’ Prussian blue. Conclusions: This study using spectral CT revealed that BRSB contains metal and confirmed the presence of Fe3+ histopathologically. BRSB differs from charring due to burns. Advances in knowledge: The exact composition of BRSB remains unclear, but this report is the first to show that BRSB differs from charring using spectral CT. Clarification of the composition of BRSB is expected to facilitate the development of more effective BRSB removal therapy.

scholarly journals Quantitative High-resolution Computed tomography Analysis of Antisynthetase Syndrome with Interstitial Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueren Li ◽  
Shouchun Peng ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Huarui Zhang ◽  
Na Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Antisynthetase Syndrome ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Hrct Patterns ◽  
Attenuation Values

Abstract Background Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) combined with organizing pneumonia (OP) pattern has been confirmed in pathology or radiology. This study is to analyze the correlation between high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) quantitative indexes (QI) and pulmonary function test parameters (PFTs), and compare differences of HRCT patterns in Antisynthetase Syndrome with interstitial pneumonia (ASS-IP).Methods Data of ASS-IP patients admitted to respiratory department of Ping Jin hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.Results 21 ASS-IP patients were enrolled in this study and 3 patients were NSIP, 9 patients were OP and 8 patients were NSIP overlap OP (NSIP/OP) pattern. (1) Volume, Weight percentages of the extracted whole lung volume with attenuation values (V%, W %) and mean lung attenuation (MLA) of non-aerated area is 5.69%, 16.43% and -11.76 Hounsfield unit (Hu). Total MLA of attenuation values(MLAtotal) is -678.97 Hu.(2)FVC and MLA of poorly aerated（r=0.58,P=0.048）, FEV1 and MLA（r=0.79,P=0.001）of poorly aerated, FEV1/FVC（r=0.23,P=0.01） and MLA of normally lung aerated, have linear correlation .(3) DLCO (P=0.049), volume of poorly aerated (Vfibrosis%,P =0.03), and weight of hyper inflated (Whyper%,P=0.02) percentages, and MLAtotal (P=0.01) have significant statistic differences between patients with NSIP/OP or OP patterns, but the therapy improvement time(P=0.41) had no difference. Conclusions QI of HRCT has a good correlation with PFTs and partly reference value to pathological classification of ASS-IP. NSIP/OP may be a common pattern in ASS-IP, fibrosis severity of which is more severe than OP.

Hounsfield Unit attenuation values can be useful to differentiate pyonephrosis from hydronephrosis in acute obstructive uropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. e2829
Author(s):  
L. Boeri ◽  
I. Fulgheri ◽  
F. Palmisano ◽  
V. Lorusso ◽  
E. Lievore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Uropathy ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Attenuation Values

Comparison of true unenhanced and virtual unenhanced (VUE) attenuation values in abdominopelvic single-source rapid kilovoltage-switching spectral CT

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 710-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir A. Borhani ◽  
Matthew Kulzer ◽  
Negaur Iranpour ◽  
Anish Ghodadra ◽  
Mark Sparrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Source ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Virtual Unenhanced ◽  
Attenuation Values

scholarly journals Regularization by denoising sub-sampled Newton method for spectral CT multi-material decomposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 379 (2200) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Perelli ◽  
Martin S. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Material Decomposition ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Newton Step ◽  
Tomographic Image Reconstruction ◽  
Spectral Computed Tomography ◽  
Maximum A Posterior ◽  
Regularized Optimization

Spectral Computed Tomography (CT) is an emerging technology that enables us to estimate the concentration of basis materials within a scanned object by exploiting different photon energy spectra. In this work, we aim at efficiently solving a model-based maximum-a-posterior problem to reconstruct multi-materials images with application to spectral CT. In particular, we propose to solve a regularized optimization problem based on a plug-in image-denoising function using a randomized second order method. By approximating the Newton step using a sketching of the Hessian of the likelihood function, it is possible to reduce the complexity while retaining the complex prior structure given by the data-driven regularizer. We exploit a non-uniform block sub-sampling of the Hessian with inexact but efficient conjugate gradient updates that require only Jacobian-vector products for denoising term. Finally, we show numerical and experimental results for spectral CT materials decomposition. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 1’.

The Assessment of Anemia from Attenuation Values of Cranial Venous Drainage on Unenhanced Computed Tomography of the Head

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio G. Bruni ◽  
Francis M. Patafio ◽  
John A. Dufton ◽  
Robert L. Nolan ◽  
Omar Islam
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Cranial Ct ◽  
Unenhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Attenuation Values

Objective To determine if prediction of anemia is possible from quantitative analyses of unenhanced cranial computed tomography (CT) images. Methods A retrospective chart review revealed 101 patients who had hemoglobin and hematocrit levels obtained within 24 hours of an unenhanced cranial CT. Regions of interest were the place on the torcular Herophili (confluence of sinuses) and the left and right transverse sinuses. Attenuation values were correlated with hemoglobin and hematocrit to investigate any possible relationship. Results Hemoglobin levels were correlated with torcular and transverse sinus attenuation levels. For every 10 Hounsfield unit (HU) increase in torcular attenuation, hemoglobin levels increased by 16.3 g/L ( P < .001). When subgroup analysis was performed, by sex, for every 10 HU increase in torcular attenuation, hemoglobin levels increased by 22.6 g/L ( P < .001) in men and 8.96 g/L ( P < .05) in women. Conclusion The attenuation values for venous drainage on unenhanced cranial CT constitute a practical adjunct in the assessment of anemia. Given the number of individuals undergoing CT without blood work, this rapid assessment technique for anemia is a convenient means for narrowing possible diagnoses.

scholarly journals Grayscale Values in Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Scope and Limitations

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia Ruiz-Imbert ◽  
Deivi Cascante-Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
Attenuation Values

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a 3D imaging technique widely used in maxillofacial diagnosis. The grayscale value (GSV) is a number that represents the amount of attenuation of the X-ray beam by the material contained in each voxel or structural unit of the tomographic volume. Similarly, in computed tomography (CT) used in medical radiology, the attenuation values are standardized in the Hounsfield Unit (HU) scale. Although GSV may have interesting potential applications in maxillofacial diagnosis, it is essential to know that HU differ from GSV. The latter are susceptible to multiple technical factors during the tomographic acquisition, so their value can vary among different CBCT scanners or when technical parameters are modified. Hence, GSV should not be extrapolated between different CBCT machines, and their use should be cautious while more investigation is available considering various equipment and acquisition protocols.

Comparison of spectral computed tomography imaging parameters between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yi-Chuan Ma ◽  
Shun-Hua Zhang ◽  
Zong-Yu Xie ◽  
Fei Guo ◽  
Ai-Qi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Imaging Parameters ◽  
Spectral Computed Tomography ◽  
Venous Phase

OBJECTIVE: To compare the spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging parameters between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). METHODS: A total of 80 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Among them, 35 were diagnosed with SCC (SCC group) and 45 were diagnosed with AC (AC group). All patients underwent an enhanced scan with spectral CT. The following CT imaging parameters were evaluated: iodine concentration (IC), water content (WC), effective atomic number (Eff-Z) and slope of the spectral HU curve (λHU) of lesions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of spectral CT imaging parameters for diagnosis of SCC and AC. RESULTS: Patients with SCC had lower IC, Eff-Z, and λHU in arterial phase and venous phase compared with AC (p< 0.05). There were no significant differences in WC between the two groups. ROC curve analyses revealed that IC, Eff-Z, and λHU in arterial phase and venous phase were predictors for diagnosis of SCC and AC (AUC > 0.5). Moreover, the IC, Eff-Z and λHU in venous phase had better differential diagnostic performances than that in arterial phase. CONCLUSIONS: Spectral CT could be useful in the differential diagnosis of SCC and AC at the GEJ. Therefore, a routine spectral CT scan is recommended for patients with carcinoma of the GEJ.

scholarly journals Energy enhanced tissue texture in spectral computed tomography for lesion classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Gao ◽  
Yongyi Shi ◽  
Weiguo Cao ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Zhengrong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Energy Channel ◽  
Texture Model ◽  
Spectral Computed Tomography ◽  
Lesion Classification

AbstractTissue texture reflects the spatial distribution of contrasts of image voxel gray levels, i.e., the tissue heterogeneity, and has been recognized as important biomarkers in various clinical tasks. Spectral computed tomography (CT) is believed to be able to enrich tissue texture by providing different voxel contrast images using different X-ray energies. Therefore, this paper aims to address two related issues for clinical usage of spectral CT, especially the photon counting CT (PCCT): (1) texture enhancement by spectral CT image reconstruction, and (2) spectral energy enriched tissue texture for improved lesion classification. For issue (1), we recently proposed a tissue-specific texture prior in addition to low rank prior for the individual energy-channel low-count image reconstruction problems in PCCT under the Bayesian theory. Reconstruction results showed the proposed method outperforms existing methods of total variation (TV), low-rank TV and tensor dictionary learning in terms of not only preserving texture features but also suppressing image noise. For issue (2), this paper will investigate three models to incorporate the enriched texture by PCCT in accordance with three types of inputs: one is the spectral images, another is the co-occurrence matrices (CMs) extracted from the spectral images, and the third one is the Haralick features (HF) extracted from the CMs. Studies were performed on simulated photon counting data by introducing attenuation-energy response curve to the traditional CT images from energy integration detectors. Classification results showed the spectral CT enriched texture model can improve the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) score by 7.3%, 0.42% and 3.0% for the spectral images, CMs and HFs respectively on the five-energy spectral data over the original single energy data only. The CM- and HF-inputs can achieve the best AUC of 0.934 and 0.927. This texture themed study shows the insight that incorporating clinical important prior information, e.g., tissue texture in this paper, into the medical imaging, such as the upstream image reconstruction, the downstream diagnosis, and so on, can benefit the clinical tasks.

scholarly journals Dual-energy Spectral CT Quantitative Parameters for the Differentiation of Glioma Recurrence from Treatment-Related Changes: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchun Lv ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Xiaofei Lv ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Haoqiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
Glioma Recurrence ◽  
Venous Phase

Abstract Background: Differentiating glioma recurrence from treatment-related changes can be challenging on conventional imaging. We evaluated the efficacy of quantitative parameters measured by dual-energy spectral computed tomographic (CT) for this differentiation. Methods: Twenty-eight patients were examined by dual-energy spectral CT. The effective and normalized atomic number (Zeff and Zeff-N, respectively); spectral Hounsfield unit curve (λHU) slope; and iodine and normalized iodine concentration (IC and ICN, respectively) in the post-treatment enhanced areas were calculated. Pathological results or clinicoradiologic follow-up of ≥2 months were used for final diagnosis. Nonparametric and t-tests were used to compare quantitative parameters between glioma recurrence and treatment-related changes. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively), and accuracy were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Predictive probabilities were used to generate ROC curves to determine the diagnostic value. Results: Examination of pre-contrast λHU, Zeff, Zeff-N, IC, ICN, and venous phase ICN showed no significant differences in quantitative parameters (P>0.05). Venous phase λHU, Zeff, Zeff-N, and IC in glioma recurrence were higher than in treatment-related changes (P<0.001). The optimal venous phase threshold was 1.03, 7.75, 1.04, and 2.85 mg/cm3, achieving 66.7%, 91.7%, 83.3%, and 91.7% sensitivity; 100.0%, 77.8%, 88.9%, and 77.8% specificity; 100.0%, 73.3%, 83.3%, and 73.3% PPV; 81.8%, 93.3%, 88.9%, and 93.3% NPV; and 86.7%, 83.3%, 86.7%, and 83.3% accuracy, respectively. The respective areas under the curve (AUCs) were 0.912, 0.912, 0.931, and 0.910 in glioma recurrence and treatment-related changes. Conclusions: Glioma recurrence could be potentially differentiated from treatment-related changes based on quantitative values measured by dual-energy spectral CT imaging.

Ultrastructural Localization of Acid Mucosubstance in Skeletal Muscle

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 52-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Dougherty ◽  
Samuel S. Spicer
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Iron Solution ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Psoas Muscles ◽  
Formalin Fixed

In recent years, considerable attention has focused on the morphological nature of the excitation-contraction coupling system of striated muscle. Since the study of Porter and Palade, it has become evident that the sarcoplastic reticulum (SR) and transverse tubules constitute the major elements of this system. The problem still exists, however, of determining the mechamisms by which the signal to interdigitate is presented to the thick and thin myofilaments. This problem appears to center on the movement of Ca++ions between myofilaments and SR. Recently, Philpott and Goldstein reported acid mucosubstance associated with the SR of fish branchial muscle using the colloidal thorium dioxide technique, and suggested that this material may serve to bind or release divalent cations such as Ca++. In the present study, Hale's iron solution adapted to electron microscopy was applied to formalin-fixed myofibrils isolated from glycerol-extracted rabbit psoas muscles and to frozen sections of formalin-fixed rat psoas muscles.

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