The Development of Grid Code Requirements for New and Renewable Forms of Generation in Great Britain

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Johnson ◽  
Nasser Tleis
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Wind Generation ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Code Change ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Technical Issues

This paper presents the development of Grid Code requirements for new and renewable forms of generation in Great Britain (GB). After briefly describing the background to the GB Transmission System and the volume of renewable generation which is anticipated to connect in the future, the paper discusses the Grid Code and Grid Code change process. In particular, the paper discusses the interfaces with key stakeholders, the technical issues considered in connecting other generation technologies to the Transmission network and the rationale for the final Grid Code requirements. The technical issues discussed include fault ride through, frequency range, frequency response, power/frequency characteristic, reactive range, voltage control and power quality. The paper concludes with the experiences gained in the connection of wind generation projects to the GB Transmission System both before and after the approval of new proposals to the GB Grid Code.

scholarly journals Dynamic grid fault analysis in wind power plant with DFIG by using supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) viewer

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Nduwamungu Aphrodis ◽  
Ntagwirumugara Etienne ◽  
Utetiwabo Wellars ◽  
Mulolani Francis
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clearing Time

Faults in electrical power systems are among the key factors and sources to network disturbances, however control strategies are among key faults clearing techniques for the sake of safe operational mode of the system.Some researchers have shown various limitations of control strategies such as slow dynamic response,inability to switch Off and On network remotely and fault clearing time. For a system with wind energy technologies, if the power flow of a wind turbine is interrupted by a fault, the intermediate-circuit voltage between the machine-side converter and line-side converter will fall in unacceptably high values.To overcome the aforementioned issues, this paper used a Matlab simulations and experiments in order to analyze and validate the results.The results showed that fault ride through (FRT) with SCADA Viewer software are more adaptable to the variations of voltage and wind speed in order to avoid loss of synchronism. Therefore at the speed of 12.5m/s a wind produced a rated power of 750W and remained in synchronization before and after a fault created and cleared but worked as generator meanwhile at speed of 3.4m/s wind disconnected from grid and started working as a motor and consumed active power (P=-25watts) and voltage dip at 100% .For the protection purpose, the DC chopper and crowbar should be integrated towards management of excess energy during faults cases.

scholarly journals Clinical instructors’ perceptions of virtual reality in health professionals’ cardiopulmonary resuscitation education

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 205031211879960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Ann Mae En Wong ◽  
Shien Chue ◽  
Michelle Jong ◽  
Ho Wye Kei Benny ◽  
Nabil Zary
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance

Objectives: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is lifesaving. Yet, cardiac arrest survival remains low despite CPR intervention. Education has been highlighted as a strategy to overcome this issue. Virtual Reality technology has been gaining momentum in the field of clinical education. Published studies report benefits of virtual reality for CPR education; yet, perceptions of CPR instructors towards virtual reality remain unexplored. CPR instructors are key stakeholders in CPR education and their perceptions are valuable for the design and adoption of virtual reality-enhanced learning. The purpose of this study is therefore to understand the perceptions of CPR instructors towards using virtual reality for health professionals’ CPR education. The aim was addressed via three research questions: (1) What are the perceptions of CPR instructors towards current health professionals’ CPR education? (2) What are the perceptions of CPR instructors towards features of virtual reality ideal for health professionals’ CPR education? (3) What are the perceptions of CPR instructors towards the potential role of virtual reality in health professionals’ CPR education? Methods: A total of 30 CPR instructors were surveyed on their views towards current health professionals’ CPR education and the use of virtual reality for health professionals’ CPR education, before and after interacting with a CPR virtual reality simulation. Responses were analysed using interpretative thematic analysis. Results: CPR instructors perceived current health professionals’ CPR education as limited due to unideal test preparation (resources, practice, motivation, and frame of mind) and performance. They perceived fidelity, engagement, resource conservation, and memory enhancement as features of virtual reality ideal for health professionals’ CPR education. Virtual reality was viewed by CPR instructors as having potential as a blended learning tool, targeting both ‘novice’ and ‘experienced’ health professionals. Conclusion: The study highlighted the gaps in current health professionals’ CPR education that can be addressed using virtual-reality-enabled learning. Future research could investigate virtual reality simulations with features desirable for CPR education of target populations.

scholarly journals Mapping and Analysis of the Reactive Power Balance in the Danish Transmission Network

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Mads Nannestad ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Jundi Jia ◽  
Emil Jensen ◽  
Peter Randewijk
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Power Devices ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
System Operator

This paper investigates the reactive power balance of the Zealand side of the Danish transmission system (DK2) by using QV-curves. The study is performed in cooperation with Energinet, who is the Danish transmission system operator (TSO). Firstly, this paper aims to map the reactive power balance with the current challenges in the system, which appears due to a decision of changing overhead lines in the scenic area to cables. Secondly, a method is derived for obtaining a comprehensive overview of the impacts that future projects might have on the system. By dividing the transmission system into smaller areas, it is possible to analyze how the reactive power will affect the voltage; moreover, it is favorable to analyze and handle the challenges in the reactive power balance locally. This helps the TSO to quickly determine the lack of reactive power devices and issues that might occur in future expansions of the system. For this paper, a full-scale model of DK2 and SCADA-data has been utilized. It covers the period from 01-01-2016 to 20-08-2017 between the TSO and the Distribution System Operator (DSO). The studies have shown how the location of the wind production will create issues in the reactive power balance.

scholarly journals A Hybrid MMC Topology with dc Fault Ride-Through Capability for MTDC Transmission System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xinhan Meng ◽  
Ke-Jun Li ◽  
Zhuodi Wang ◽  
Wenning Yan ◽  
Jianguo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Power System Simulation ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Harmonic Content ◽  
Dc Fault ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Short Circuit Fault

This paper proposes a hybrid modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology based on mismatched-cascade mechanism. The blocking conditions of different submodule (SM) structures under dc fault are analyzed and a series double submodule is presented. With series-double submodules and mismatched-cascade submodules, the proposed hybrid MMC can ride-through the dc side short-circuit fault and provide an output voltage with the feature of low harmonic content. This hybrid MMC topology can be used in the VSC based multiterminal dc (VSC-MTDC) transmission system. The dc fault ride-through properties of the new structure and the total harmonic distortion (THD) are analyzed compared with the previous full-bridge and clamp-double architectures. An appropriate fault blocking procedure is presented, and a typical four-terminal dc transmission simulation system is given in the power system simulation software. Finally, simulation of steady-state and dc bipolar short-circuit fault verifies that the MTDC system based on this new hybrid MMC topology is stabilized and can block the dc fault and return the nonfault parts to normal.

Study on Dispersed Wind Power Connected to Power Grid

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Xiang Ning Xiao ◽  
Zhi Chao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Grid Codes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Technology Indicators

The necessity for grid codes of the dispersed wind power connected to power grid is described briefly and the definition of the dispersed wind power is discussed compared with the distributed wind power in China. Aimed at the dispersed wind power, the main technology indicators of wind power grid codes between Denmark (below 100kV), Germany (below 60kV) and China in aspects of access principle, connection mode, active power / frequency control, reactive power / voltage control, fault ride through and power quality are compared to provide reference for the modification and completion of the dispersed wind power grid code in China.

Spatio‐temporal analysis of possible wind generation output reductions for the Irish transmission system with a high penetration of renewables

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ging ◽  
Margaret E. Glavin ◽  
Damien J. Crilly ◽  
Eoin P. Kennedy ◽  
Philip A. O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Wind Generation ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Spatio Temporal
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