scholarly journals Phylogenetically Diverse Burkholderia Associated with Midgut Crypts of Spurge Bugs, Dicranocephalus spp. (Heteroptera: Stenocephalidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Martin Kuechler ◽  
Yu Matsuura ◽  
Konrad Dettner ◽  
Yoshitomo Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Midgut Crypts

scholarly journals The importance of environmentally-acquired bacterial symbionts for the squash bug (Anasa tristis), a significant agricultural pest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik S. Acevedo ◽  
Gregory P. Fricker ◽  
Justine R Garcia ◽  
Tiffany Alcaide ◽  
Aileen Berasategui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Anasa Tristis ◽  
Squash Bug ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insect Symbionts ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Bacterial Plant Pathogen

Most insects maintain associations with microbes that shape their ecology and evolution. Such symbioses have important applied implications when the associated insects are pests or vectors of disease. The squash bug, Anasa tristis (Coreoidea: Coreidae), is a significant pest of human agriculture in its own right and also causes damage to crops due to its capacity to transmit a bacterial plant pathogen. Here, we demonstrate that complete understanding of these insects requires consideration of their association with bacterial symbionts in the family Burkholderiaceae. Isolation and sequencing of bacteria housed in midgut crypts in these insects indicates that these bacteria are consistent and dominant members of the crypt-associated bacterial communities. These symbionts are closely related to Caballeronia spp. associated other true bugs in the superfamiles Lygaeoidea and Coreoidea. Fitness assays with representative Burkholderiaceae strains indicate that the association can significantly increase survival and decrease development time, though strains do vary in the benefits that they confer to their hosts, with Caballeronia spp. providing the greatest benefit. Experiments designed to assess transmission mode indicate that unlike many other beneficial insect symbionts, the bacteria are not acquired from parents before or after hatching but are instead acquired from the environment after molting to a later development stage. The bacteria do, however, have the capacity to escape adults to be transmitted to later generations, leaving the possibility for a combination of indirect vertical and horizontal transmission.

scholarly journals The Importance of Environmentally Acquired Bacterial Symbionts for the Squash Bug (Anasa tristis), a Significant Agricultural Pest

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik S. Acevedo ◽  
Gregory P. Fricker ◽  
Justine R. Garcia ◽  
Tiffanie Alcaide ◽  
Aileen Berasategui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Anasa Tristis ◽  
Squash Bug ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insect Symbionts ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Bacterial Plant Pathogen

Most insects maintain associations with microbes that shape their ecology and evolution. Such symbioses have important applied implications when the associated insects are pests or vectors of disease. The squash bug, Anasa tristis (Coreoidea: Coreidae), is a significant pest of human agriculture in its own right and also causes damage to crops due to its capacity to transmit a bacterial plant pathogen. Here, we demonstrate that complete understanding of these insects requires consideration of their association with bacterial symbionts in the family Burkholderiaceae. Isolation and sequencing of bacteria housed in the insects’ midgut crypts indicates that these bacteria are consistent and dominant members of the crypt-associated bacterial communities. These symbionts are closely related to Caballeronia spp. associated with other true bugs in the superfamilies Lygaeoidea and Coreoidea. Fitness assays with representative Burkholderiaceae strains indicate that the association can significantly increase survival and decrease development time, though strains do vary in the benefits that they confer to their hosts, with Caballeronia spp. providing the greatest benefit. Experiments designed to assess transmission mode indicate that, unlike many other beneficial insect symbionts, the bacteria are not acquired from parents before or after hatching but are instead acquired from the environment after molting to a later developmental stage. The bacteria do, however, have the capacity to escape adults to be transmitted to later generations, leaving the possibility for a combination of indirect vertical and horizontal transmission.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia sp. Strain THE68, a Bacterial Symbiont Isolated from Midgut Crypts of the Seed Bug Togo hemipterus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutaka Takeshita ◽  
Seonghan Jang ◽  
Yoshitomo Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Togo Hemipterus

Burkholderia sp. strain THE68 is a bacterial symbiont isolated from the midgut crypts of a phytophagous stink bug, Togo hemipterus. Here, we report the complete 7.98-Mb genome of this symbiont, which consists of six circular replicons containing 7,238 protein coding genes.

Insecticide resistance governed by gut symbiosis in a rice pest, Cletus punctiger, under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Ishigami ◽  
Seonghan Jang ◽  
Hideomi Itoh ◽  
Yoshitomo Kikuchi
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Rice Bug ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Degradation Test ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

Resistance to toxins in insects is generally thought of as their own genetic trait, but recent studies have revealed that gut microorganisms could mediate resistance by detoxifying phytotoxins and man-made insecticides. By laboratory experiments, we here discovered a striking example of gut symbiont-mediated insecticide resistance in a serious rice pest, Cletus punctiger . The rice bug horizontally acquired fenitrothion-degrading Burkholderia through oral infection and housed it in midgut crypts. Fenitrothion-degradation test revealed that the gut-colonizing Burkholderia retains a high degrading activity of the organophosphate compound in the insect gut. This gut symbiosis remarkably increased resistance against fenitrothion treatment in the host rice bug. Considering that many stinkbug pests are associated with soil-derived Burkholderia , our finding strongly supports that a number of stinkbug species could gain resistance against insecticide simply by acquiring insecticide-degrading gut bacteria.

scholarly journals Bacterial Symbionts of a Devastating Coffee Plant Pest, the Stinkbug Antestiopsis thunbergii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 3769-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Matsuura ◽  
Takahiro Hosokawa ◽  
Mario Serracin ◽  
Genet M. Tulgetske ◽  
Thomas A. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Background Information ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Pcr Cloning ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Bacterial Genes

ABSTRACTStinkbugs of the genusAntestiopsis, so-called antestia bugs or variegated coffee bugs, are notorious pests of coffee plants in Africa. We investigated the symbiotic bacteria associated withAntestiopsis thunbergii, a major coffee plant pest in Rwanda. PCR, cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis of bacterial genes identified four distinct bacterial lineages associated withA. thunbergii: a gammaproteobacterial gut symbiont and symbionts representing the generaSodalis,Spiroplasma, andRickettsia.In situhybridization showed that the gut symbiont densely occupied the lumen of midgut crypts, whereas theSodalissymbiont, theSpiroplasmasymbiont, and theRickettsiasymbiont sparsely and sporadically infected various cells and tissues. Diagnostic PCR survey of 154A. thunbergiiindividuals collected at 8 localities in Rwanda revealed high infection frequencies (100% for the gut symbiont, 51.3% for theSodalissymbiont, 52.6% for theSpiroplasmasymbiont, and 24.0% for theRickettsiasymbiont). These results suggest that the gut symbiont is the primary symbiotic associate of obligate nature forA. thunbergii, whereas theSodalissymbiont, theSpiroplasmasymbiont, and theRickettsiasymbiont are the secondary symbiotic associates of facultative nature. We observed high coinfection frequencies, i.e., 7.8% of individuals with quadruple infection with all the symbionts, 32.5% with triple infections with the gut symbiont and two of the secondary symbionts, and 39.6% with double infections with the gut symbiont and any of the three secondary symbionts, which were statistically not different from the expected coinfection frequencies and probably reflected random associations. The knowledge of symbiotic microbiota inA. thunbergiiwill provide useful background information for controlling this devastating coffee plant pest.

scholarly journals Purine Biosynthesis, Biofilm Formation, and Persistence of an Insect-Microbe Gut Symbiosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (14) ◽  
pp. 4374-4382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyeun Kate Kim ◽  
Jeong Yun Kwon ◽  
Soo Kyoung Kim ◽  
Sang Heum Han ◽  
Yeo Jin Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Purine Biosynthesis ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Messenger ◽  
Infection Density ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Insect Gut

ABSTRACTTheRiptortus-Burkholderiasymbiotic system is an experimental model system for studying the molecular mechanisms of an insect-microbe gut symbiosis. When the symbiotic midgut ofRiptortus pedestriswas investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy, the lumens of the midgut crypts that harbor colonizingBurkholderiasymbionts were occupied by an extracellular matrix consisting of polysaccharides. This observation prompted us to search for symbiont genes involved in the induction of biofilm formation and to examine whether the biofilms are necessary for the symbiont to establish a successful symbiotic association with the host. To answer these questions, we focused onpurNandpurT, which independently catalyze the same step of bacterial purine biosynthesis. When we disruptedpurNandpurTin theBurkholderiasymbiont, the ΔpurNand ΔpurTmutants grew normally, and only the ΔpurTmutant failed to form biofilms. Notably, the ΔpurTmutant exhibited a significantly lower level of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) than the wild type and the ΔpurNmutant, suggesting involvement of the secondary messenger c-di-GMP in the defect of biofilm formation in the ΔpurTmutant, which might operate via impaired purine biosynthesis. The host insects infected with the ΔpurTmutant exhibited a lower infection density, slower growth, and lighter body weight than the host insects infected with the wild type and the ΔpurNmutant. These results show that the function ofpurTof the gut symbiont is important for the persistence of the insect gut symbiont, suggesting the intricate biological relevance of purine biosynthesis, biofilm formation, and symbiosis.

scholarly journals Polyphyly of Gut Symbionts in Stinkbugs of the Family Cydnidae

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (13) ◽  
pp. 4758-4761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Hosokawa ◽  
Yoshitomo Kikuchi ◽  
Naruo Nikoh ◽  
Takema Fukatsu
Keyword(s):  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
The Family ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTSymbiotic bacteria associated with midgut crypts of stinkbugs of the family Cydnidae, representing seven species and 13 populations, were investigated. All of the symbionts were species specific, and constituted at least four distinct lineages in theGammaproteobacteria, indicating multiple evolutionary origins of the gut symbionts among the burrower bugs.

scholarly journals Host–symbiont specificity determined by microbe–microbe competition in an insect gut

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (45) ◽  
pp. 22673-22682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideomi Itoh ◽  
Seonghan Jang ◽  
Kazutaka Takeshita ◽  
Tsubasa Ohbayashi ◽  
Naomi Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Symbiont ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Microbial Symbiont ◽  
Bean Bug ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Insect Gut

Despite the omnipresence of specific host–symbiont associations with acquisition of the microbial symbiont from the environment, little is known about how the specificity of the interaction evolved and is maintained. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris acquires a specific bacterial symbiont of the genus Burkholderia from environmental soil and harbors it in midgut crypts. The genus Burkholderia consists of over 100 species, showing ecologically diverse lifestyles, and including serious human pathogens, plant pathogens, and nodule-forming plant mutualists, as well as insect mutualists. Through infection tests of 34 Burkholderia species and 18 taxonomically diverse bacterial species, we demonstrate here that nonsymbiotic Burkholderia and even its outgroup Pandoraea could stably colonize the gut symbiotic organ and provide beneficial effects to the bean bug when inoculated on aposymbiotic hosts. However, coinoculation revealed that the native symbiont always outcompeted the nonnative bacteria inside the gut symbiotic organ, explaining the predominance of the native Burkholderia symbiont in natural bean bug populations. Hence, the abilities for colonization and cooperation, usually thought of as specific traits of mutualists, are not unique to the native Burkholderia symbiont but, to the contrary, competitiveness inside the gut is a derived trait of the native symbiont lineage only and was thus critical in the evolution of the insect gut symbiont.

scholarly journals Specific Developmental Window for Establishment of an Insect-Microbe Gut Symbiosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 4075-4081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Kikuchi ◽  
Takahiro Hosokawa ◽  
Takema Fukatsu
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nymphal Development ◽  
Content Acquisition ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Midgut Crypts ◽  
Symbiont Acquisition ◽  
Developmental Window

ABSTRACTThe alydid stinkbugRiptortus pedestrisis specifically associated with a beneficialBurkholderiasymbiont in the midgut crypts. Exceptional among insect-microbe mutualistic associations, theBurkholderiasymbiont is not vertically transmitted but orally acquired by nymphal insects from the environment every generation. Here we experimentally investigated the process of symbiont acquisition during the nymphal development ofR. pedestris. In a field population, many 2nd instar nymphs wereBurkholderiafree, while all 3rd, 4th, and 5th instar nymphs were infected. When reared on soil-grown potted soybean plants,Burkholderiaacquisition occurred at a drastically higher frequency in the 2nd instar than in the other instars. Oral administration of culturedBurkholderiacells showed that 2nd and 3rd instar nymphs are significantly more susceptible to the symbiont infection than 1st, 4th, and 5th instar nymphs. Histological observations revealed rudimentary midgut crypts in the 1st instar, in contrast to well-developed midgut crypts in the 2nd and later instars. These results indicate thatR. pedestrisacquires theBurkholderiasymbiont from the environment mainly during the 2nd instar period and strongly suggest that the competence for the symbiont infection is developmentally regulated by the host side. Potential mechanisms involved in infection competence and possible reasons why the infection preferentially occurs in the 2nd instar are discussed.

scholarly journals Burkholderia insecticola triggers midgut closure in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris to prevent secondary bacterial infections of midgut crypts

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1627-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Kikuchi ◽  
Tsubasa Ohbayashi ◽  
Seonghan Jang ◽  
Peter Mergaert
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Riptortus Pedestris ◽  
Bean Bug ◽  
Midgut Crypts
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