Prediction of Total Health Expenditure in Shanghai during the 14th Five Year Plan Period—Based on Grey GM(1,1) Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4519-4527
Author(s):  
培凤 张
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Plan Period

scholarly journals An Association of Total Health Expenditure with GDP and Life Expectancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. AU7-AU12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Naznin Hossain ◽  
Varshil Mehta ◽  
Shuchita Sharmin ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Ibne Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Individual Level

Introduction: Gradual  total health expenditure (THE) has become a major concern. It is not only the increased THE, but also its unequal growth in  overall economy, found among the developing countries. If increased life expectancy is considered as a leverage for an individual’s investment in health services, it can be  expected that as the life expectancy increases, tendency of health care investment will also experience a boost up. Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore and identify the association of healthcare expenditure with the life expectancy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries, especially that of Bangladesh. Methodology: Data were retrospectively collected from “Health Bulletin 2011” and “Sample Vital Registration System 2010” of Bangladesh considering the fiscal year 1996 to fiscal year 2006. Using STATA, multivariable logistic regression was performed to find out the association of total health expenditure with GDP and life expectancy. Results: A direct relationship between GDP and total health expenditure was found through analysing the data. At the individual level, income  had a direct influence on health spending. However, there was no significant relationship between total health expenditure with increased life expectancy. Conclusion: The present study did not find any association between life expectancy and total health expenditure. However, our analysis found out that total health expenditure is more sensitive to gross domestic product rather than life expectancy.

scholarly journals Main Driving Factors and Prediction Model of Total Health Expenditure in China: A Study Based on Grey System Theory

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Jia ◽  
Xihe Yu ◽  
Jianxing Yu ◽  
Zhou Zheng ◽  
Yingying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Grey System Theory ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Correlation Degree

Abstract Background: The continuous increase in total health expenditure has become a social issue of common concern in most countries. In China, the total health expenditure still maintains a fast growth trend which is much higher than the growth of the country’s economy, although the new health system reform had been going on for 8 years until 2017. The aims of the current study were thus to investigate the main driving factors affecting total health expenditure and to establish a prediction model. Methods: Gray system theory was employed to explore the correlation degree between total health expenditure and 13 hot spots from the fields of economy, population, health service utilization, and public policy using national data in China from 2009 to 2017. Besides, a prediction model was established using the main driving factors among the 13 hot spots. Results: The main driving factors related to the changes of total health expenditure were public policy (ranked first), health development, economics, and aging, which correlation degrees were more than 0.7. The average error of the GM(1,7) model was 3.17%, the correlation degree, β , between the predicted simulation sequence and the original sequence was 0.78, the variance ratio, C, was 0.138, and the probability of residuals, P, was 1.0000. Therefore, the prediction model of total health expenditure with 6 main driving factors was excellent. Conclusion: The paper finds that since the new health system reform in China, government policies and social invest have contributed greatly to reducing the burden of health expenditure. However, the development of economic and the increase in the elderly population, which are main driving factors, will increase the total health expenditure, so improving the efficiency of investment and providing the precautionary health care and nursing for the elderly are crucial. Besides, the grey system theory had a good application in the field of health economics and policy.

EXPENDITURE ON DRUGS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-622
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Pharmaceutical Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Total Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita

In developed countries, generally 5% to 8% of GNP is spent on health care; during the past decade, health care expenditure has increased at a more rapid rate than GNP. Expenditure on pharmaceuticals represents 10% to 20% of the total health expenditure. In developing countries, figures vary widely but the pharmaceutical expenditure per capita per year may be below one U.S. dollar and may be as high as 50% of the total health care expenditure....

scholarly journals Determinants of hospital efficiency: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Eyob Z. Asbu ◽  
Maysoun D. Masri ◽  
Marwan Al Naboulsi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Hospital Efficiency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Tobit Regression

Background: Inefficiency is a pervasive problem in health systems. The World Health Organization estimates that on average, 20%-40% of the global total health expenditure is wasted. The proportion of total health expenditure attributed to hospitals is high, which implies that improving the efficiency of hospitals will lead to more efficient health systems. This study aims to synthetize the major determinants of hospital inefficiency and to develop a framework to identify causes of inefficiency and develop multi-factor interventions to address inefficiencies.Methods: The study is based on survey of the literature on the determinants of hospital efficiency. The studies include those that employ ratio methods of efficiency analysis, data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier models and econometric models such as the Tobit regression to assess determinants of technical efficiency. Data was extracted in a table format categorized as those that are within the hospital, outside the hospital but within the health system and those that are outside the hospital and health system in the broader macroeconomic system and analyzed.Results: Hospital efficiency is influenced by factors that may be internal to the hospital or external and thus could be wholly or partially out of the control of the hospital. Hospital-level characteristics that influence efficiency include ownership, size, specialization/scope economies, teaching status, membership of multihospital system and other factors such as case-mix and ratio of outpatients to inpatients. However, the effects of these variables are not definitive and consistent; all depends on the context. Factors out of the direct control of the hospital include geographic location, competition and reimbursement systems. The findings further elucidate that no single factor is effective in addressing hospital inefficiencies in isolation from others.Conclusion: There is no one single magic formula or intervention that can be adopted by different hospitals to improve hospital efficiencies. Multiple factors influence the efficiency of hospitals. To address hospital inefficiency multi-intervention packages focusing on the hospital and its environment should be developed.

Health Reform in China: Three Years After

2012 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Jiwei QIAN
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Government Health ◽  
Government Health Expenditure

In 2009, China initiated a new round of health reform to establish a well functioning health system by 2020. Local pilot reforms were encouraged for all five components of the health reform. Between 2009 and 2011, the growth in government health expenditure was a hefty RMB1.24 trillion. Three years on, total health expenditure was over RMB2.2 trillion, or about 4.8% of GDP in 2011. Issues that remain to be tackled include addressing the incentives of providers and insurers as well as improving quality of services and medicines.

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