scholarly journals The use of geochemical ratios in groundwater quality assessment: the case of the Thriassion Plain, Attica, Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Panayota Makri ◽  
Dimitrios Hermides ◽  
Maria Psychogiou ◽  
Aikaterini Ermidou
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Chadha’S Diagram

This paper is an effort to assess the groundwater quality and the geochemical processes mainly using the Chadha’s diagram which classifies natural waters and documents the Piper and extended Durov diagrams. Chadha’s diagram is a useful tool to interpret groundwater geochemical processes because it is produced by simple spreadsheets excel files. The example of hydrochemical analyses were given from groundwater samples of the Thriassion Plain. To attend our objective, 38 groundwater samples were collected. Hydrochemical sections, XY diagrams, distribution maps of ionic ratios as well as the Gibbs diagrams were used to identify origin of salinity and the hydrogeochemical processes that have taken place. The Gibbs diagrams have shown that evapotranspiration (ET) and rock-water interaction play an important role to the increase of groundwater salinity. The interpretation of Chadha diagram highlights that the stratigraphic factors and especially the clay strata occurrence have isolated fresh groundwater from seawater. The abundant occurrence of clay deposits to the depth of the plain work as barriers to direct seawater intrusion. Good quality groundwater identified confirms the important role of clay strata. Reverse cation exchange, is the predominant geochemical process in the Thriassion Plain aquifers, whereas evapotranspiration (ET) and rock-water interaction play an important role to the increase of groundwater salinity.

scholarly journals A Review of Water Resources in Delta State, Nigeria With Emphasis on Hydrogeochemical and Microbial Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Oghenenyoreme Eyankware ◽  
Bassey Edem Ephraim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Processes ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Deltaic Plain ◽  
Water Interaction ◽  
Rock Water Interaction

This research presents a review on water resources in Delta state, southern part of Nigeria, with emphasis on hydrogeochemical and microbial assessment. It also evaluate factors responsible for water contamination, and their resulting health problems within the study area. To achieve the objective of this study, related articles were downloaded from Google, published article on influence of hydrogeochemical and microbial activities on water resources, these articles were thoroughly studied. Findings from this study revealed that groundwater was more studied than surface water. It was observed that groundwater within the riverine communities are much more prone to pollution when compared to groundwater in upland area. From reviewed article, it was observed that, larger percentage of groundwater showed presence of coliform. Study from reviewed article further suggested that hydrogeochemical processes such as rock water interaction, saltwater intrusion and precipitation influences groundwater quality within the study area especially within Sombreiro-Warri Deltaic Plain Deposit. 

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality in parts of Jalna district of Maharashtra, India using Water Quality Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish M. Deshpande ◽  
Ulhas S. Bhagwat ◽  
Kailash R. Aher
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Type Water

In the present study, fifty-five groundwater samples were collected from the parts of the Jalna district of Maharashtra, India. The water samples were analyzed to determine various physic-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. The groundwater’s geochemical control and hydrogeochemistry were evaluated using the Piper plots and water quality index (WQI). The hydrochemical analysis reveals that the groundwater is predominantly of CaNaHCO3 type, Water quality index (WQI) indicates that 33% and 2% of groundwater samples fall in poor and very poor categories for drinking purposes. This study reveals that groundwater quality is unfit for drinking purposes at a few places. The effective leaching, dissolution process and rock-water interaction process are the main sources for degrading the groundwater quality.

scholarly journals Use of GIS in Hydrogeochemical Study and Quality Status From Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muruganantham Arumugam ◽  
Sivakumar Karthikeyan ◽  
Prabakaran Kulandaisamy ◽  
Kongeswaran Thangaraj ◽  
Venkatramanan Senapathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract This study focused on hydrogeochemical characterisation and groundwater quality deterioration based on drinking, irrigation purposes in Pudukottai district. Eighty-seven groundwater samples were collected from the bore and dug wells during pre and post monsoon seasons in the year 2019. The order of mean abundance of ions is followed as C l > HCO3 > Na > SO4 > Mg > Ca > K (325.5 > 182.2 > 181.4 > 83.2 > 51.1 > 35.8> 9.1 > 8.6 > o.9 > 0.3) and Cl > Na > HCO3 > SO4 > Mg > Ca > K (415.7 > 230.3 > 198.2 > 82.9 > 53.8 > 43.4 > 14.9) in both seasons. Analytical results are used in Piper, Gibbs, Na% vs. EC, USSL, and PI to evaluate the hydrogeochemical processes. Rock water interaction and evaporation processes causing variations in hydrogeochemistry of the study area during pre and postmonsoon. Nearly 15 % of the groundwater samples were not permissible for drinking based on the standard, which is distributed in south eastern region of the study area. It is revealed from Na%, SAR, RSC, MgC and KR results that majority of the groundwater samples are fit for irrigation uses. The higher concentration of EC, TDS, Cl and Na values noted in south region due to the sea water intrusion that attributed by excess pumping in the coastal regions. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) and irrigation water quality index (IRWQI) are calculated to identify the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. However, this research concludes that the groundwater quality of maximum part in the district is appropriate for drinking as well as agriculture which can be used for the sustainable growth. It is also recommended implementing the artificial recharge techniques to improve the groundwater quality.

Groundwater Quality Assessment Using Geospatial Techniques and WQI in North East of Adama Town, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Karuppannan ◽  
Nafyad Serre Kawo
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Geospatial Techniques ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
North East ◽  
Drinking And Irrigation ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
Health Organization

Assessment of groundwater quality is vital for the sustainable use of the resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. In this study spatial variation of physicochemical parameters were analyzed for Northeast Adama Town. Water Quality Index (WQI) and irrigation indices were used to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. Further, the physical-chemical results were compared with the Ethiopian standards and the World Health Organization (WHO) standards for drinking and public health. Using GIS interpolation methods in Arc GIS 10.3.1, spatial distribution maps of pH, TDS, EC, Cl−, HCO32−, SO42−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+, RSC, SAR, Na% were prepared. Results indicated that except ASTU well 2, all samples are below the desirable limits of WHO. The WQI results indicated that 85% of samples and 15% of samples were in good and poor categories, respectively. Irrigation indices show that the most groundwater samples have excellent water classes, indicating that they are suitable for irrigation purposes.

scholarly journals Groundwater salinity variation in Upazila Assasuni (southwestern Bangladesh), as steered by surface clay layer thickness, relative elevation and present-day land use

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1431-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris Loys Naus ◽  
Paul Schot ◽  
Koos Groen ◽  
Kazi Matin Ahmed ◽  
Jasper Griffioen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Shallow Depth ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Salinity Variation ◽  
Clay Layers

Abstract. In the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh, options for drinking water are limited by groundwater salinity. To protect and improve the drinking water supply, the large variation in groundwater salinity needs to be better understood. This study identifies the palaeo and present-day hydrological processes and their geographical or geological controls that determine variation in groundwater salinity in Upazila Assasuni in southwestern Bangladesh. Our approach involved three steps: a geological reconstruction, based on the literature; fieldwork to collect high-density hydrological and lithological data; and data processing to link the collected data to the geological reconstruction in order to infer the evolution of the groundwater salinity in the study area. Groundwater freshening and salinization patterns were deduced using PHREEQC cation exchange simulations and isotope data were used to derive relevant hydrological processes and water sources. We found that the factor steering the relative importance of palaeo and present-day hydrogeological conditions was the thickness of the Holocene surface clay layer. The groundwater in aquifers under thick surface clay layers is controlled by the palaeohydrological conditions prevailing when the aquifers were buried. The groundwater in aquifers under thin surface clay layers is affected by present-day processes, which vary depending on present-day surface elevation. Slightly higher-lying areas are recharged by rain and rainfed ponds and therefore have fresh groundwater at shallow depth. In contrast, the lower-lying areas with a thin surface clay layer have brackish–saline groundwater at shallow depth because of flooding by marine-influenced water, subsequent infiltration and salinization. Recently, aquaculture ponds in areas with a thin surface clay layer have increased the salinity in the underlying shallow aquifers. We hypothesize that to understand and predict shallow groundwater salinity variation in southwestern Bangladesh, the relative elevation and land use can be used as a first estimate in areas with a thin surface clay layer, while knowledge of palaeohydrogeological conditions is needed in areas with a thick surface clay layer.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR TANAH AKIBAT PENGARUH SUNGAI KLAMPOK YANG TERCEMAR LIMBAH INDUSTRI DI KECAMATAN BERGAS SEMARANG JAWA TENGAH (Analysis of Groundwater Quality Due to Effect Klampok River that was Contaminated Industrial Waste in Bergas Semarang Central Java)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sepridawati Siregar ◽  
Desi Kiswiranti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Sampling ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Quality Testing

AbstrakSungai Klampok mengalir melalui Kecamatan Bergas dan sekelilingnya terdapat beberapa industri sehingga mengakibatkan sungai tersebut tercemar karena menjadi badan penerima air limbah. Akibat penurunan kualitas air Sungai Klampok akan berimbas pada penurunan kualitas air tanah yang digunakan oleh penduduk sekitar sungai tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air tanah yang berada di sekitar Sungai Klampok sebagai akibat adanya pengaruh beban pencemaran oleh air limbah industri berdasarkan Permenkes No. 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990 tentang persyaratan kualitas air bersih. Lokasi pengambilan sampel air sungai dibagi menjadi 3 stasiun (LK1, LK2 dan LK3) sedangkan untuk sampel airtanah dari rumah-rumah penduduk dilakukan pada 6 titik yaitu 3 titik di daerah utara dari Sungai Klampok (U1,U2, U3) dan 3 titik di daerah selatan dari Sungai Klampok (S1,S2, S3). Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada musim kemarau. Dari hasil uji kualitas air sungai, pencemaran yang terjadi pada air sungai Klampok masuk dalam kategori tercemar ringan-sedang. Sedangkan hasil uji kualitas air tanah masih berada di bawah baku mutu yang disyaratkan oleh Permenkes No. 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990, sehingga penurunan kualitas air sungai Klampok tidak mempengaruhi kualitas air tanah di sekitar sungai tersebut. AbstractThe Klampok River flows through the Bergas Subdistrict and there are a number of industries around it, causing the river to become polluted because it becomes the body of the recipient of wastewater. As a result of the decline in the quality of the water in the Klampok River, it will impact on the quality of groundwater used by residents around the river. This study aims to determine the quality of groundwater around the Klampok River as a result of the influence of pollution load by industrial wastewater based on Permenkes No. 416 / MENKES / PER / IX / 1990 concerning requirements for clean water quality. The location of river water sampling is divided into 3 stations (LK1, LK2, and LK3) while for groundwater samples from residential houses is carried out at 6 points, namely 3 points in the northern area of Klampok River (U1, U2, U3) and 3 points in the area south of the Klampok River (S1, S2, S3). Sampling is done in the dry season. From the results of the test of river water quality, pollution that occurs in Klampok river water is categorized as mild-moderate polluted. While the results of groundwater quality testing are still below the quality standards required by Permenkes No. 416 / MENKES / PER / IX / 1990 so that the decline in the water quality of the Klampok river does not affect the quality of groundwater around the river.

scholarly journals Entropy weight application for calculating groundwater quality index (EWQI) in groundwater quality zoning in Pleistocene aquifer in the Phu My town, Ba Ria – Vung Tau province

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hai Au ◽  
Tran Minh Bao ◽  
Pham Thi Tuyet Nhi ◽  
Tat Hong Minh Vy ◽  
Truong Tan Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Groundwater Quality Index ◽  
Pleistocene Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Entropy Weight Method

Groundwater in Phu My town is exploited essentially in Pleistocene aquifer and, used for many purposes like irrigation, domestic, production and animal husbandry. In this study, Groundwater Quality Index (EWQI) is calculated with Entropy weight method to determine the suitability of groundwater quality in study area. This method demonstrates the objectivity of each parameter calculated based on the degree of variability of each value and depends on the sample data source. The groundwater samples were collected from 17 wells in dry and wet seasons in 2017 with ten water quality parameters (pH, TDS, TH, Cl-, F-, NH4+-N, NO3--N, SO42-, Pb và Fe2+) were selected for analysising. The analysis results indicate groundwater quality is divided into 4 categories in this study area. In particular, over 70% of wells are "very good" water quality in both dry and wet seasons. Only 6% of wells are " water unsuitable for drinking purpose" of the total number of mornitoring wells in the study area.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles and nanofluids in “water–rock” interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
V. A. Alekseyev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Pressure Surface ◽  
Inner Pressure ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Main Development ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Small Content

A brief review of published papers was done in nanogeochemistry, a new field of geochemistry in which particles and fluids of small size (<100 nm) were investigated. They are different in properties from their larger analogs because of the greater contributions of their surface energy. Conditions, forms, and mechanisms of their formation and evolution were considered. Examples of size dependencies of nanoparticle and nanofluid properties (solubility and stability, melting temperature, inner pressure, surface charge and sorption, rates of evaporation, chemical reactions, and transport) were shown. Different influence of convex and concave surface on properties was noted. Widespread distribution of nanoparticles and nanofluids in nature provides their influence on various geochemical processes. Nanoparticles sorbs heavy metals and are the main form of their transport in natural waters. Nanofluids (nanopors) control the processes of diagenesis, metasomatic substitution and weathering, gas migration in shales. Even with a small content, nanoparticles can change behavior of macro systems dramatically. The main development directions of nanogeochemistry were summarized.

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