scholarly journals Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki on the grape berry moth Lobesia botrana Den. and Shiff. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) under field and laboratory conditions in Crete

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ν.Ε. Roditakis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Dipel Abbot Lab.) against the grape berry moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Shiff.) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions (24±0.5°C, 55±5% r.h., 2,000 Lux, and 16 hours light daily) B. thuringiensis was compared to triflumuron and methomyl on egg hatching and shallow entries per grape berry. B. thuringiensis had no effect on egg hatching while methomyl and triflumuron had ovicidal action. Shallow entries per grape berry were 0.9-1, 0, 0 and 4.55 for B. thuringiensis, triflumuron, methomyl and control, respectively. Under field conditions, using as criteria for the timing of sprays: a. pheromone and food trap catches and b. visual counting of egg laying and a threshold of 20-30 eggs/100 grapes, two applications of B. thuringiensis at Kastelli Pediados in 1981 and four at Peza in 1982 were made both at the 2nd and 3rd flights. Its effectiveness was 96-100% and 92% at Kastelli Pediados and 73-75% at Peza.

Adsorption, dissipation, and movement of fluometuron in three southeastern United States soils

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Willian ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Charles E. Snipes ◽  
David C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Fluometuron adsorption and dissipation under field and laboratory conditions, and distribution within the soil profile was determined in 3 soils from Tennessee, Mississippi, and Georgia that are representative of the cotton-growing regions of the southeastern United States. Fluometuron adsorption was correlated with organic matter, but not with clay content or soil pH. First-order kinetics explained fluometuron dissipation under field and controlled conditions (r2≥ 0.82). Field dissipation of fluometuron was slower under dry conditions. Fluometuron was not detected below 15 cm in the soil profile in any soil, and concentrations in the 8- to 15-cm soil zone were < 15 ppbw 112 d after treatment. Fluometuron dissipation was more rapid in soil from the 0- to 8-cm depth in Tennessee soil than in Mississippi soil under controlled conditions. Dissipation was more rapid under field conditions than under laboratory conditions at 2 of 3 locations. Fluometuron half-lives in soils from the 0- to 8-cm depth ranged from 9 to 28 d under field conditions and from 11 to 43 d in the laboratory. Fluometuron dissipation in soils from 30- to 45- and 60- to 90-cm depths was not different among soils, with half-lives ranging from 58 to 99 d under laboratory conditions. Fluometuron half-life was positively correlated with soil depth and inversely correlated with organic matter. These data indicate that organic matter, soil depth, and environmental conditions affect fluometuron dissipation.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impacts of microbial plant protection products containing Bacillus thuringiensis on the survival of adults and larvae of the honeybee (Apis mellifera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Steinigeweg ◽  
Abdulrahim T. Alkassab ◽  
Hannes Beims ◽  
Jakob H. Eckert ◽  
Dania Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Pollen Feeding ◽  
Contamination Levels

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating the effect of a microbial pest-controlling product (MPCP) with the active substance Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. aizawai (strain: ABTS-1857) on adults and larvae of honeybees. To determine the contamination levels of Bt spores in different matrices, a colony-feeding study under semi-field conditions was performed. Furthermore, two chronic adult trials and a chronic larval study were conducted under laboratory conditions to test the effects of different concentrations of the plant protection product (PPP) on the development and mortality. Possible modifications of the chronic oral toxicity test were assessed by additional pollen feeding. Our results showed that Bt spores were detected in all matrices over the entire test duration in different concentrations, decreasing over time. The survival of adult bees and larvae was negatively affected in laboratory conditions after a chronic exposure to the MPCP depending on the tested concentrations. Moreover, the earliest sign of bee mortality, resulting from exposure to ABTS-1857, was recorded only after 96 h at the highest tested concentration. Pollen feeding to adults significantly increased the survival of the treated bees. In conclusion, the PPP with the Bt strain ABTS-1857 showed an effect on the mortality of adults and larvae under laboratory conditions. Further studies with Bt-based PPPs under realistic field conditions are necessary to evaluate the potential risk of those MPCPs on honeybees.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO –HÍDRICA DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTRÓFICO IN SITU E EM LABORATÓRIO

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polyanna Mara de Oliveira ◽  
Antônio Marciano da Silva ◽  
Gilberto Coelho ◽  
Ricardo Augusto da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO –HÍDRICA DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTRÓFICO IN SITU E EM LABORATÓRIO  Polyanna Mara de Oliveira; Antônio Marciano da Silva; Gilberto Coelho; Ricardo Augusto da SilvaDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras ,Caixa Postal 37, CEP 37200-000, , Lavras, MG,  [email protected]  1 RESUMO Neste trabalho estudaram-se métodos para a estimativa da umidade representativa da capacidade de campo e da condutividade hidráulica não saturada para o Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, trabalhando com dois métodos, o de perfil instantâneo (HILLEL et al., 1972) e o método empírico de Mualem (1976). Em laboratório foram realizadas a análise granulométrica, densidade do solo, porosidade (macro e microporosidade) e a curva característica de retenção, e em campo, determinaram-se a umidade na capacidade de campo e a condutividade hidráulica. Os resultados encontrados permitem afirmar que a caracterização físico-hídrica do solo em condições de campo mostrou-se mais precisa e confiável em relação às determinações de laboratório sendo que a estimativa da condutividade hidráulica mostrou-se mais consistente com outros atributos do solo e mais representativa da realidade do que aquela baseada em análises laboratoriais. Embora a metodologia de Mualem (1976) possa ser aplicada desde a umidade de saturação até o ponto de murcha permanente, a mesma não mostrou sensibilidade para registrar a influência da macroporosidade sobre a condutividade hidráulica do solo. A estimativa da umidade na capacidade de campo “in situ” ratifica também a melhor performance do método de campo em relação ao laboratorial. UNITERMOS: condutividade hidráulica, capacidade de campo, curva de retenção de água, drenagem interna do solo, atributos físicos do solo.  OLIVEIRA, P. M. de; SILVA, A. M. da; COELHO, G.; SILVA, R. A. COMPARATIVE ANALYSE OF THE PHYSICAL AND WATER CHARACTERIZATION IN FIELD AND LABORATORY CONDITIONS OF DISTROFIC RED LATOSSOL  2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study methods to determine significant moisture for field capacity and non-saturated hydraulic conductivity in dystrophic latossol soil using two methods: internal drainage method (Hillel et al., 1972) and empiric method (Mualem, 1976). Granulometric analysis, soil density, porosity (macro and micro porosity) and characteristic retention curve were determined in laboratory; moisture for field capacity and hydraulic conductivity were determined in field conditions. The results showed that physical and hydraulic soil characterization in field conditions is more accurate and reliable than in lab conditions; hydraulic conductivity determination infield conditions was more consistent with other soil attributes and more realistic than the one based on laboratory conditions. Although Mualem’s method (1979) may be used for saturation moisture as well as for permanent internal drainage, it has not presented the same sensitivity to determine the influence of macro porosity on soil hydraulic conductivity. Moisture determination for field capacity under field conditions also corroborates better performance for field methods than laboratory ones.  KEYWORDS: hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, water retention curve, soil internal drainage, soil physical properties 

Norflurazon adsorption and dissipation in three southern soils

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Willian ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
David C. Bridges ◽  
Charles E. Snipes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Norflurazon adsorption and dissipation under field and laboratory conditions, and distribution within the soil profile were determined in three soils representative of cotton-growing regions of the southeastern U.S. Norflurazon adsorption was greater in soil from 0 to 8 cm in a Lexington silt loam (Tennessee) and a Beulah silt loam (Mississippi) than in a Dothan loamy sand (Georgia). Adsorption was directly related to organic matter. Norflurazon degradation under controlled conditions in soil from 0 to 8 cm from each state was not different among locations, with half-lives ranging from 63 to 167 d. Degradation at 30 C in soil from the 30- to 45- and 60- to 90-cm depths was not different among locations, and was slower at the 60- to 90-cm depth than in surface soil. Norflurazon dissipation was more rapid under field conditions than under laboratory conditions, with half-lives ranging from 7 to 79 d in the 0- to 8-cm soil horizon. Dry field conditions slowed norflurazon dissipation. Norflurazon was not detected below 15 cm in the profile in any soil, and concentrations in the 8- to 15-cm soil zone were < 36 ppbw 112 d after treatment.

scholarly journals A laboratory and field condition comparison of life table parameters of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnaz Hosseini-Tabesh ◽  
Ahad Sahragard ◽  
Azadeh Karimi-Malati
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Abstract Life table studies are essential tools for understanding population dynamics. The life table parameters of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding on the host plant, Hibiscus syriacus L. were studied under laboratory (25±1°C and relative humidity of 65±5% and a photoperiod of 16L : 8D h) and field conditions (23-43°C, and relative humidity of 27-95%). The data were analysed using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The life table studies were started with 50 and 40 nymphs in laboratory and field conditions, respectively. Under laboratory conditions, A. gossypii reared on H. syriacus had a higher survival rate, fecundity, and longevity than those reared under field conditions. When reared under field conditions, A. gossypii had a longer nymphal developmental time, shorter adult longevity, and lower fecundity than those reared under laboratory conditions. The intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), and the finite rate of increase (λ) under laboratory conditions, were higher than those obtained under field conditions. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the mean generation time T (days) between field and laboratory conditions. In the present study, the results clearly showed that life table parameters of A. gossypii were significantly different under field and laboratory conditions. These results could help us to understand the A. gossypii population dynamics under field conditions. The results could also help us make better management decisions for economically important crops

Tests of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner and B. cereus Frankland and Frankland on Larvae of Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)

1963 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Smirnoff
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

The susceptibility of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fmiferana (Clemens), under laboratory conditions, to commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner was reported by Angus et al. in 1961. This bacterium was recently tested, under field conditions, both as dusts and sprays. The results of ehese tests are presented here with comments on the effect of the environment and other factors.

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