scholarly journals ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO –HÍDRICA DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTRÓFICO IN SITU E EM LABORATÓRIO

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polyanna Mara de Oliveira ◽  
Antônio Marciano da Silva ◽  
Gilberto Coelho ◽  
Ricardo Augusto da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Moisture Determination ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO –HÍDRICA DE UM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO DISTRÓFICO IN SITU E EM LABORATÓRIO  Polyanna Mara de Oliveira; Antônio Marciano da Silva; Gilberto Coelho; Ricardo Augusto da SilvaDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras ,Caixa Postal 37, CEP 37200-000, , Lavras, MG,  [email protected]  1 RESUMO Neste trabalho estudaram-se métodos para a estimativa da umidade representativa da capacidade de campo e da condutividade hidráulica não saturada para o Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, trabalhando com dois métodos, o de perfil instantâneo (HILLEL et al., 1972) e o método empírico de Mualem (1976). Em laboratório foram realizadas a análise granulométrica, densidade do solo, porosidade (macro e microporosidade) e a curva característica de retenção, e em campo, determinaram-se a umidade na capacidade de campo e a condutividade hidráulica. Os resultados encontrados permitem afirmar que a caracterização físico-hídrica do solo em condições de campo mostrou-se mais precisa e confiável em relação às determinações de laboratório sendo que a estimativa da condutividade hidráulica mostrou-se mais consistente com outros atributos do solo e mais representativa da realidade do que aquela baseada em análises laboratoriais. Embora a metodologia de Mualem (1976) possa ser aplicada desde a umidade de saturação até o ponto de murcha permanente, a mesma não mostrou sensibilidade para registrar a influência da macroporosidade sobre a condutividade hidráulica do solo. A estimativa da umidade na capacidade de campo “in situ” ratifica também a melhor performance do método de campo em relação ao laboratorial. UNITERMOS: condutividade hidráulica, capacidade de campo, curva de retenção de água, drenagem interna do solo, atributos físicos do solo.  OLIVEIRA, P. M. de; SILVA, A. M. da; COELHO, G.; SILVA, R. A. COMPARATIVE ANALYSE OF THE PHYSICAL AND WATER CHARACTERIZATION IN FIELD AND LABORATORY CONDITIONS OF DISTROFIC RED LATOSSOL  2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study methods to determine significant moisture for field capacity and non-saturated hydraulic conductivity in dystrophic latossol soil using two methods: internal drainage method (Hillel et al., 1972) and empiric method (Mualem, 1976). Granulometric analysis, soil density, porosity (macro and micro porosity) and characteristic retention curve were determined in laboratory; moisture for field capacity and hydraulic conductivity were determined in field conditions. The results showed that physical and hydraulic soil characterization in field conditions is more accurate and reliable than in lab conditions; hydraulic conductivity determination infield conditions was more consistent with other soil attributes and more realistic than the one based on laboratory conditions. Although Mualem’s method (1979) may be used for saturation moisture as well as for permanent internal drainage, it has not presented the same sensitivity to determine the influence of macro porosity on soil hydraulic conductivity. Moisture determination for field capacity under field conditions also corroborates better performance for field methods than laboratory ones.  KEYWORDS: hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, water retention curve, soil internal drainage, soil physical properties 

scholarly journals CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA E DRENAGEM INTERNA EM LATOSSOLO CULTIVADO COM CAFÉ ADUBADO COM ELEVADAS DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-843
Author(s):  
Mateus de Paula Gomes ◽  
Genelício Cruzoé Rocha ◽  
José Adinan Souza ◽  
Carlos Henriques Silva Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
High Doses ◽  
E Mail

CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA E DRENAGEM INTERNA EM LATOSSOLO CULTIVADO COM CAFÉ ADUBADO COM ELEVADAS DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO     MATEUS DE PAULA GOMES1; GENELÍCIO CRUSOÉ ROCHA2; JOSÉ ADINAN SOUZA3 E CARLOS HENRIQUES SILVA REZENDE1   1 Departamento de Solos - Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Departamento de Solos - Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Solos - Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Departamento de Solos - Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O uso de altas doses de fertilizantes favorece o desenvolvimento vegetal e dos microrganismos do solo que podem modificar o processo de drenagem interna. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a drenagem interna e a condutividade hidráulica de um Latossolo cultivado com café fertilizado com doses elevadas de nitrogênio. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial (3 × 2) + 1, sendo três doses de nitrogênio, duas formas de ureia e um tratamento adicional sem aplicação nitrogenada. A condutividade hidráulica não saturada foi obtida em laboratório por meio da curva de retenção de água no solo e no campo por meio do Mini Disk Infiltrometer. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e foram ajustados modelos de regressão para o efeito das doses de N na condutividade hidráulica do solo. Observou-se que acúmulos na precipitação acarretam em aumentos lineares na drenagem interna do solo. O aumento da dose de nitrogênio não influenciou na condutividade hidráulica saturada e não-saturada, nem na drenagem interna.   Palavras-chave: água no solo, estrutura do solo, fluxo de água.     GOMES, M. P.; ROCHA, G. C.; SOUZA, J. A.; REZENDE, C. H. S. HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND INTERNAL DRAINAGE IN A LATOSOIL CULTIVATED WITH COFFEE FERTILIZED IN HIGH NITROGEN DOSES     2 ABSTRACT   The use of high doses of fertilizers favors plant development and soil microorganisms that can modify the internal drainage process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal drainage and hydraulic conductivity of an Oxisol cultivated with coffee fertilized in high nitrogen doses. The experimental design was based on randomized blocks, in a factorial scheme (3 × 2) 1, with three nitrogen doses, two urea forms and one additional treatment with no nitrogen application. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was obtained in the laboratory by means of the water retention curve in the soil and in the field, through the Mini Disk Infiltrometer. The results were submitted to a variance analysis and regression models were adjusted for the effect of N doses on soil hydraulic conductivity. It was possible to observe that accumulations in precipitation lead to linear increases in internal soil drainage. Increasing the nitrogen dose did not influence neither the saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity nor the internal drainage.   Keywords: soil water, soil structure, water flow.

scholarly journals A Novel Frequency Domain Impedance Sensor with a Perforated Cylinder Coaxial Design for In-Situ Measuring Soil Matric Potential

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Chen ◽  
Xiaofei Yan ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Song Yu ◽  
Yihan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Retention Curve

Soil matric potential is an important parameter for agricultural and environmental research and applications. In this study, we developed a novel sensor to determine fast and in-situ the soil matric potential. The probe of the soil matric potential sensor comprises a perforated coaxial stainless steel cylinder filled with a porous material (gypsum). With a pre-determined gypsum water retention curve, the probe can determine the gypsum matric potential through measuring its water content. The matric potential of soil surrounding the probe is inferred by the reading of the sensor after the soil reaches a hydraulic equilibrium with the gypsum. The sensor was calibrated by determining the gypsum water retention curve using a pressure plate method and tested in three soil samples with different textures. The results showed that the novel sensor can determine the water retention curves of the three soil samples from saturated to dry when combined with a soil water content sensor. The novel sensor can respond fast to the changes of the soil matric potential due to its small volume. Future research could explore the application for agriculture field crop irrigation.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Determination of Water Retention Curve and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Substrates Using a Steady-state Laboratory Method

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevi A. Londra
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity

For effective irrigation and fertilization management, the knowledge of substrate hydraulic properties is essential. In this study, a steady-state laboratory method was used to determine simultaneously the water retention curve, θ(h), and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity as a function of volumetric water content, K(θ), and water pressure head, K(h), of five substrates used widely in horticulture. The substrates examined were pure peat, 75/25 peat/perlite, 50/50 peat/perlite, 50/50 coir/perlite, and pure perlite. The experimental retention curve results showed that in the case of peat and its mixtures with perlite, there is a hysteresis between drying and wetting branches of the retention curve. Whereas in the case of coir/perlite and perlite, the phenomenon of hysteresis was less pronounced. The increase of perlite proportion in the peat/perlite mixtures led to a decrease of total porosity and water-holding capacity and an increase of air space. Study of the K(θ) and K(h) experimental data showed that the hysteresis phenomenon of K(θ) was negligible compared with the K(h) data for all substrates examined. Within a narrow range of water pressure head (0 to –70 cm H2O) that occurs between two successive irrigations, a sharp decrease of the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was observed. The comparison of the K(θ) experimental data between the peat-based substrate mixtures and the coir-based substrate mixture showed that for water contents lower than 0.40 m3·m−3, the hydraulic conductivity of the 50/50 coir/perlite mixture was greater. The comparison between experimental water retention curves and predictions using Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten models showed a high correlation (0.992 ≤ R2 ≤ 1) for both models for all substrates examined. On the other hand, in the case of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the comparison showed a relatively good correlation (0.951 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.981) for the van Genuchten-Mualem model for all substrates used except perlite and a significant deviation (0.436 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.872) for the Brooks-Corey model for all substrates used.

Modelling the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils amended with different biochars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boguslaw Usowicz ◽  
Jerzy Lipiec
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Retention Curve

<p>Soil organic carbon accumulation is central to the improvement of many soil properties and functions. Biochar use and management could be particularly beneficial for soils with low organic carbon content. It's known that many of soils in the world intrinsically exhibit little ability to retain water and nutrients due to their texture and mineralogy. Also, acquiring biomass for other than agricultural purposes can reduce the organic carbon accumulation and worsens the soil quality. Adding biochar to the soil can affect saturated hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity and reduce soil erosion and mineral fertilization. It has been shown that saturated hydraulic conductivity depends on type of feedstock and pyrolysis temperatures used for biochar production and application dose but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, in order to explain the different biochar impacts, we propose in this study the use the physical-statistical model of B. Usowicz for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity using literature data for various soils amended with biochars (from woodchip, rice straw and dairy manure), pyrolyzed at 300, 500 and 700 °C.  </p><p>Soil with biochar and pores between them can be represented by a pattern (net) of more or less cylindrically interconnected channels with different capillary radius. When we view a porous medium as a net of interconnected capillaries, we can apply a statistical approach for the description of the liquid or gas flow. The soil and biochar phases and their configuration is decisive for pore distribution and the course of the water retention curve in this medium. The physical-statistical model considers the pore space as the capillary net that is represented by parallel and serial connections of hydraulic resistors in the layer and between the layers, respectively. The polynomial distribution was used in this model to determine probability of the occurrence of a given capillary configuration. Capillary size radii and the probability of occurrence of a given capillary configuration were calculated based on the measured water retention curve and saturated water content. It was found a good agreement between measured and the model-predicted hydraulic conductivity data for the biochar amended soils. It indicates that the used variables and model parameters to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivities of the soils were chosen correctly. The different types and pyrolysis temperatures of biochars affected the soil water retention and the equivalent length of the capillaries that characterize the pore tortuosity in the soil.</p><p> </p><p>Acknowledgements. Research was conducted under the project “Water in soil - satellite monitoring and improving the retention using biochar” no. BIOSTRATEG3/345940/7/NCBR/2017 which was financed by Polish National Centre for Research and Development in the framework of “Environment, agriculture and forestry” - BIOSTRATEG strategic R&D programme.</p>

Adsorption, dissipation, and movement of fluometuron in three southeastern United States soils

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Willian ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Charles E. Snipes ◽  
David C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Fluometuron adsorption and dissipation under field and laboratory conditions, and distribution within the soil profile was determined in 3 soils from Tennessee, Mississippi, and Georgia that are representative of the cotton-growing regions of the southeastern United States. Fluometuron adsorption was correlated with organic matter, but not with clay content or soil pH. First-order kinetics explained fluometuron dissipation under field and controlled conditions (r2≥ 0.82). Field dissipation of fluometuron was slower under dry conditions. Fluometuron was not detected below 15 cm in the soil profile in any soil, and concentrations in the 8- to 15-cm soil zone were < 15 ppbw 112 d after treatment. Fluometuron dissipation was more rapid in soil from the 0- to 8-cm depth in Tennessee soil than in Mississippi soil under controlled conditions. Dissipation was more rapid under field conditions than under laboratory conditions at 2 of 3 locations. Fluometuron half-lives in soils from the 0- to 8-cm depth ranged from 9 to 28 d under field conditions and from 11 to 43 d in the laboratory. Fluometuron dissipation in soils from 30- to 45- and 60- to 90-cm depths was not different among soils, with half-lives ranging from 58 to 99 d under laboratory conditions. Fluometuron half-life was positively correlated with soil depth and inversely correlated with organic matter. These data indicate that organic matter, soil depth, and environmental conditions affect fluometuron dissipation.

Testing an infiltrometer methodology to investigate water impact effects on both soil sealing and hydraulic properties of a loam soil under conventional tillage and no-tillage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
Simone Di Prima ◽  
Anna Maria Stellacci ◽  
Massimo Iovino ◽  
Vincenzo Bagarello
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Soil Sealing ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

&lt;p&gt;Testing new experimental procedures to assess the effects of the drops impact on the soil sealing formation is a main topic in soil hydrology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this field investigation, the methodological approach proposed first by Bagarello et al. (2014) was extended to account for a greater soil infiltration surface (i.e., about 3.5 times higher), a higher range and number of heights of water pouring and to evaluate the different impact on soil management. For this purpose, the effects of three water pouring heights (low, L=3 cm; medium, M=100 cm; high, H=200 cm) on both no-tilled (NT) and conventionally tilled (CT) loam soil were investigated by Beerkan infiltration runs and using the BEST-procedure of data analysis to estimate the soil hydraulic properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Final infiltration rate decreased when perturbing runs (i.e., M and H) were carried out as compared with the non-perturbing (L) ones (by a factor of 1.5-3.1 under NT and 3.4-4.4 under CT). Similarly, the water retention scale parameter, h&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;, increased (i.e., higher in absolute terms) by a factor 1.6-1.8 under NT and by a factor 1.7 under CT. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, K&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;, changed significantly as a function of the increase of water pouring height; regardless of the soil management, perturbing runs caused a reduction in soil permeability by a factor 5 or 6. Effects on hydraulic functions (i.e., soil water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity function), obtained with the BEST-Steady algorithm, were also highlighted. For instance, differences in water retention curve at fixed soil pressure head values (i.e., field capacity, FC, and permanent wilting point, PWP) due to perturbing and non-perturbing runs, were estimated as higher under NT (3.8%) than CT (3.4%) for FC, and equal to 2.1% or 1.6% for PWP.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Main results of this investigation confirm that a recently tilled loamy soil, without vegetation cover, can be less resilient as compared to a no-tilled one, and that tested water pouring heights methodology looks promising to mimic effects of high energy rainfall events and to quantify the soil sealing effects under alternative management of the soil.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgments&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The work was supported by the project &amp;#8220;STRATEGA, Sperimentazione e TRAsferimento di TEcniche innovative di aGricoltura conservativA&amp;#8221;, funded by Regione Puglia&amp;#8211;Dipartimento Agricoltura, Sviluppo Rurale ed Ambientale, CUP: B36J14001230007.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bagarello, V., Castellini, M., Di Prima, S., Iovino, M. 2014. Soil hydraulic properties determined by infiltration experiments and different heights of water pouring. Geoderma, 213, 492&amp;#8211;501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.032&lt;/p&gt;

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