scholarly journals Experimental biomedical research: achievements and future aims

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
I. DONTA (Ι. ΔΟΝΤΑ)
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
The Three Rs

An invaluable amount of knowledge and enormous progress in the advancement of human health, longevity and quality of life has been achieved by biomedical research throughout the ages. Most of the achievements were accomplished by research on animals and more recently, on laboratory animals. Progress in the production of drugs, vaccines, sera, antibiotics, surgical techniques and materials, diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and many more, was reached by their safety and efficacy testing on laboratory animals, prior to their application on humans. The achievements resulting from this research are applied both in humans and in animals. Experimental biomedical research is currently conducted in animal models of human diseases, invertebrates and with alternative methods to the use of animals. Its future aims are to solve existing and emerging health threats and to increase gene therapy, with the concomitant application of the three Rs principles of animal use - replacement, reduction and refinement.

A randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate safety and efficacy of a Unani formulation in the management of Kalaf (Melasma)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifra Abdul Qaiyyum ◽  
Mohammad Nawab ◽  
Munawwar Husain Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
End Point ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
And Control ◽  
Change In Mean

Abstract Objectives Kalaf (Melasma) is an acquired facial hypermelanism. It has direct impact on patient’s quality of life and leads to development of various personality disorders. Lack of effective treatment and recurrences have drawn the attention of researcher to find alternative treatment. This study aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of a topical Unani formulation in the management of melasma. Methods We conducted a prospective randomized controlled clinical study on the participants diagnosed with melasma. The participants (n=72) randomized into test (n=36) and control (n=36) groups. Sixty participants (n=30 in each group) completed the duration of therapy. The participants of the test group were treated with a classical Unani formulation and control group with hydroquinone 4%. The primary end point was change in mean MASI score and secondary end point was improvement in quality of life after eight weeks of treatment. Results The Unani formulation reduced 40.5% mean MASI score (17.31 ± 9.58 to 10.28 ± 5.92) in comparison to 32% reduction in mean MASI score (20.58 ± 9.49 to 13.92 ± 7.38) in the control group after eight weeks of treatment. When comparing with baseline the difference in MASI score was found statistically significant in both groups (p<0.05). On intergroup comparison, the change in MASI score between both groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In addition, MQOL and DQLI also improved significantly in both groups. Conclusions This study concluded that the Unani formulation and the control drug were equally effective and safer in the management of melasma.

scholarly journals Fever in children: review of national and international studies and clinical guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
E. E. Lokshina ◽  
O. V. Zaytseva ◽  
S. V. Zaytseva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Professional Communities ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Adequate Therapy ◽  
Efficacy Criteria

Fever in children is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care and use of antipyretic drugs. The reasons can be various. It is extremely important for the pediatrician to find the cause of the fever and prescribe adequate therapy. Antipyretic drugs are symptomatic, they only relieve the condition of the child and improve the quality of life. The article reviews national and international studies and clinical guidelines of professional communities on fever in children. Currently, only ibuprofen and paracetamol fully meet the safety and efficacy criteria, and they are recommended for use in pediatric practice as antipyretic drugs.

Considerations on the Use of Aromatase Inhibitors in Postmenopausal Women With Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
pp. 385-400
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Blaustein
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Develop Breast Cancer ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
The Brain

About 1 of every 8 women will develop breast cancer during her lifetime, and approximately 250,000 new cancer cases are expected annually as of 2017. Of those breast cancers, approximately 60% to 75% will express estrogen receptors, suggesting that estrogens are likely to promote growth of those tumors. Because the use of inhibitors of the synthesis of estrogens is the adjuvant treatment of choice for many women, it is essential that we understand the potential adverse effects on quality of life of those treatments. This review addresses the role of estrogens locally synthesized in the brain in laboratory animals and women, the effects of estrogens on cognitive function, the effects of synthesis blockers on cognitive function, and the limitations in performing experiments that will give us strong confidence in the results and conclusions.

scholarly journals The Schulthess local Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry (SAR): cohort profile

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e040591
Author(s):  
Alex Marzel ◽  
Hans-Kaspar Schwyzer ◽  
Christoph Kolling ◽  
Fabrizio Moro ◽  
Matthias Flury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Arthroplasty Registry

PurposeClinical registries are essential for evaluation of surgical outcomes. The Schulthess Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry (SAR) was established in 2006 to evaluate safety, function, quality-of-life and patient satisfaction in patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty.ParticipantsAdult patients undergoing anatomic or reverse shoulder joint replacement at the Schulthess Klinik, a high-volume, leading orthopaedic surgery centre in Zürich, Switzerland.Findings to dateBetween March 2006 and December 2019, the registry covered 98% of eligible operations. Overall, 2332 patients were enrolled with a total of 2796 operations and 11 147 person-years of follow-up. Mean age at baseline was 71 (range: 20–95), 65% were women. Most common indication was rotator cuff tears with osteoarthritis (42%) and the mean preoperative Constant Score was 31 (±15). The most frequent arthroplasty type was reverse, increasing from 61% in 2006–2010 to 86% in 2015–2019. Functional recovery peaked at 12-month postoperatively and did not show a clinically relevant deterioration during the first ten follow-up years. Since its establishment, the registry was used to address multiple pertinent clinical and methodological questions. Primary focus was on comparing different implant configurations (eg, glenosphere diameter) and surgical techniques (eg, latissimus dorsi transfer) to maximise functional recovery. Additionally, the cohort contributed to the determination of the clinical relevance and validity of radiological monitoring of cortical bone resorption and scapular notching. Finally, SAR data helped to demonstrate that returning to sports was among key patient expectations after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.Future plansAs first patients are approaching the 15 years follow-up landmark, the registry will continue providing essential data on long-term functional outcomes, implant stability, revision rates and aetiologies as well as patient satisfaction and quality-of-life. In addition to research and quality-control, the cohort data will be brought back to the patients by bolstering real-time clinical decision support.

Developments in the Collection of Statistical Information on the Number of Animals used in Experiments and other Scientific Purposes in the European Union

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Ursula G. Sauer ◽  
Roman Kolar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Statistical Report ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
The Three Rs ◽  
The Eu

In 1999, the European Commission presented its second report on the numbers of laboratory animals used in the European Union (EU). The plausibility of the data and the usefulness of the format of the registration tables remain questionable, for reasons previously discussed in connection with the Commission's first statistical report. In addition, it is impossible to derive sound information on trends in animal use in the EU and its Member States from the second statistical report. The European Commission and the Member States have agreed on new tables to be used for future statistics on the use of experimental animals in the EU. These new tables have been significantly extended and improved. Several categories of little relevance have been revised, and ambiguous expressions have been clarified. However, several problems either persist or have been newly created. Moreover, some important data (i.e. categories for pain and distress, as well as for several specific purposes of use; the origin of some animal species; types of institutions; and the use of genetically engineered animals) are still not required. Nevertheless, these are highly relevant to animal welfare and must be regarded as indispensable for a well-aimed application of the statistics to set priorities concerning the Three Rs.

Comparison of Olfactory Function and Quality of Life With Different Surgical Techniques for Nasal Septum Deviation

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Aydoğdu ◽  
Yavuz Atar ◽  
Zeynep Aydoğdu ◽  
Ziya Saltürk ◽  
Enes Ataç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Septum Deviation ◽  
Nasal Septum Deviation

Implementation of the Three Rs in Biomedical Research —Has the Turn of the Century Turned the Tide?

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Obora ◽  
Tsutomu Kurosawa
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Nature Medicine ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
The Three Rs

There has been increasing pressure from the public against animal experimentation for testing and research purposes. The Three Rs ( replacement, reduction, and refinement) principle is thought to be a key foundation concept in optimising the welfare of animals used in experiments. This retrospective study attempts to investigate the transition of the Three Rs in biomedical research through a review of articles published in Nature Medicine. We categorised all of the articles published in Nature Medicine from 1998 to 2003, on the basis of the pain and distress of the animals used in the experiments featured in the analysed article. We found there were no large fluctuations in the distribution of these categories over this time period. We also examined each article for the presence of a statement relating to the humane use of laboratory animals, and found that the number of articles which included such a statement dramatically increased in 2002. Over the years studied, there was a decreasing trend in the total number of animal types used for the experiments in the articles. Our results suggest that: a) more encouragement by journal editors might improve the attitude of scientists in terms of animal welfare; and b) the progress of replacement appears to be a more long-term effort in the field of biomedical research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document