scholarly journals Prevalence of leishmaniosis in dogs in Istanbul,Turkey determined by using PCR

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Z. BILGIN ◽  
N. TURAN ◽  
H. YILMAZ ◽  
E. FERROGLIO ◽  
E. TUZER
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Pcr Diagnosis ◽  
Serious Disease

Leishmania infantum is widespread in Mediterranean countries including Turkey and can cause a serious disease in both humans and dogs. Dogs are considered to be its main reservoirs. The current epidemiological study was carried out in Istanbul for detection of leishmaniosis among dogs. A total of 246 dogs were included in the study. Twenty one (8.54%) blood samples were found to be positive based on PCR diagnosis, using primers specific for the kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania. Infection rate was 6.51% in 169 dogs living in shelters and 12.99% in 77 client-owned dogs. The rate was significantly (p<0.001) higher in the dogs (37.93%) presenting one or more clinical symptoms which may be attributable to leishmaniosis, than in the asymptomatic dogs (4.61%). Eleven (52.4%) of 21 PCR positive dogs presented clinical symptoms whereas the rest of the dogs (47.62%) were asymptomatic. The major clinical sign in PCR positive animals was dermatological problems. Amongst PCR positive dogs, skin lesions were present in 11, weight loss in 2, lymphadenopathy in 2, epistaxis in 2 and lethargy in 2 dogs.

scholarly journals The Gamma Interferon Gene Knockout Mouse: a Highly Sensitive Model for Evaluation of Therapeutic Agents againstCryptosporidium parvum

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2503-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. Griffiths ◽  
Cynthia Theodos ◽  
Melissa Paris ◽  
Saul Tzipori
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Gene Knockout Mouse ◽  
Serious Disease

Cryptosporidiosis is a serious disease in malnourished children and in people with malignancies or AIDS. Current rodent models for evaluating drug therapy against cryptosporidiosis have many limitations, including the need for a high inoculum, the absence of symptoms resembling those seen in humans, and the need to maintain exogenous immunosuppression. We have developed a gamma interferon knockout (GKO) mouse model with which to evaluate therapies againstC. parvum and have used paromomycin for evaluation of this model. The GKO model offers considerable improvements over other systems, since it requires no additional immunosuppression and adult mice can be infected with as few as 10 oocysts (compared with 107 for SCID mice). Infected mice develop profound gastrointestinal dysfunction due to extensive infection and severe mucosal damage involving the entire small intestine. Clinical symptoms, which include depression, anorexia, weight loss, and wasting, result in death within 2 to 4 weeks. The time of death depends on the oocyst challenge dose. Paromomycin modulated parasitological and clinical parameters in highly predictable and significant ways, including prevention of death. In addition, examination of the extensively infected gut provided an important insight into the dynamics between a specific drug treatment, its impact on the extent and the site of parasite distribution, and clinical outcome. These uniform symptoms of weight loss, wasting, and death are powerful new parameters which bring this model closer to the actual disease seen in humans and other susceptible mammalian species.

Detection of Leishmania infantum Minicircle Kinetoplast DNA in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Samples of Paediatric Patients from Children`s Hospital of Tabriz Medical University

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Hossein . ◽  
Leila Mehdizadeh Fan . ◽  
Abbass Ali Hosseinpo . ◽  
Mohammad Ali Mahmood . ◽  
Safar Farajnia . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Medical University

A kinetoplast DNA probe diagnostic for Leishmania infantum

Parasitology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gramiccia ◽  
D. F. Smith ◽  
M. C. Angelici ◽  
P. D. Ready ◽  
L. Gradoni
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Low Degree

A 196 bp fragment of cloned kinetoplast (k) DNA of Leishmania infantum has been sequenced and shown to be diagnostic for this species. The DNA from 104–105 promastigotes was routinely and specifically detected in crude dot blots of whole cells lysed in situ, and there was no cross-hybridization with 106 cells of L. major, L. tropica, L. killicki, L. aethiopica, L. braziliensis and L. mexicana. A low degree of hybridization was found with L. donovani and L. chagasi. This probe will be of particular use in Mediterranean countries, such as Italy, in which dermotropic zymodemes of L. infantum can be difficult to isolate and grow in numbers sufficient for isoenzyme typing.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of dogs to Leishmania infantum antigens in the territory of Crna Gora

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
Zorica Pavicevic ◽  
Dejan Lausevic ◽  
Nikola Pejovic
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

Due to expansion of vector borne diseases and their importance for human health we have investigated the prevalence of antibodies to Leishmania infantum antigens in serum samples of dogs. Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. According to the World Health Organization the disease is a constant threat to 350 million people in 88 countries, provided that most Mediterranean countries belong to the area designated as endemic. Since Crna Gora is a country of Mediterranean basin, it is important to present the results of the investigation on the presence of antibodies on L. infantum antigens in blood serum of dogs, considering that dogs can be reservoirs and source of infection for humans. In the period from 2006. to 2010., there were tested 433 serum samples of dogs with clinical symptoms and 68 serum samples of dogs without symptoms of the disease. Those were dogs with visible symptoms of the disease such as alopecia, weight loss and lymphadenomegalia. In 66% of cases, there was known hematological profile with predominant hypochromic anemia and neutrophilic leukocytosis. As mentioned above, the investigation included also 68 asymptomatic dogs in good condition, out of which 45 were service dogs in use in military and police as well as 23 dogs from the asylum. By Indirect immunofluorescence test or Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique (IF-AT) and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT), there was determined the presence of specific antibodies to L. infantum antigens. Positive findings in the serum dilution 1:160 was deter?mined in 258 samples (59.58%) in the group of dogs with clinical symptoms, and in 5.9% in the tested asymptomatic dogs. A part of the territory of Crna Gora with its average annual air temperature of 14.6 - 17.8?C and mediterranean climate (long, warm and dry summer and mild, rainy winter) has all the prerequisites for the development and maintenance of the infection. The confirmed presence of five kinds of Phlebotomines on the territory of Crna Gora which are essential in the cycle of developing and maintaining of Leishmania species with dominant Phlebotomus neglectus species, additionally proves a great risk of occur?rence and maintenance of the disease. The obtained results of seroprevalence in dogs are in correlation with the results of 55 cases of visceral leishmaniasis recorded by the Institute for Public Health in people from 1992 to 2009. Taking into consideration that seronegative findings and absence of symptoms does not exclude the infection, as well as that seropositive finding does not necessarily confirm it, a high level of seroprevalence (of 59.58%) in dogs in urban regions of Crna Gora, recorded during 5 years period, is by itself an alarming epizootiological and epidemiological fact.

scholarly journals Necrolytic Migratory Erythema in a Cat with Glucagonoma Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sima Sahinduran ◽  
Ozlem Ozmen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Necrolytic Migratory Erythema

Background: Glucagonomas are very rare neuroendocrine tumors of pancreatic endocrine islets alpha cells and they produced excessive amount of glucagon hormone. Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a rare dermatosis that characterized by erosive, ulcerative and crusted lesions in different sites of the skin and the common cause of this situation related to glucagon secreted tumors. NME can occur commonly in man but some rare and recent reports available the occurrence of this situation in pet animals especially dogs. Both gross and histological findings in both human and animals are similar. This paper reports a NME case with glucagonoma and diabetes mellitus (DM) by clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.Case: A 12-year-old, cat presented with complaints of skin lesions in neck region, hyperglycemia, weight loss and history of anorexia during the 2 months. Biochemical analysis results revealed high glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatinine levels but decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein and potassium levels. After 2 weeks of anti-diabetic drug treatment, the blood glucose level became normal and skin lesions ameliorated but anorexia and weight loss continued. The cat exhibited general weakness and pain in abdominal area. Although the clinical sings ameliorated and skin lesions and serum biochemical findings returned the relatively normal levels compared the admission, the cat died after 2 weeks of treatment and necropsy performed. At necropsy, marked cachexia, loss of skin elasticity and decreased skin thickness were observed. During the examination of abdominal cavity of the cat, there was a mass 0.5x0.5 cm in diameter, hard and grayish color was diagnosed at the pancreas. In addition, numerous whitish foci were also present the pancreatic tissue. Additionally, enlargement and paleness were noticed at the liver. Hemorrhages were observed at the liver, stomach and gut. Histopathologically pancreatic mass composed of polygonal neoplastic cells supported by thin, fibrovascular stroma characteristic for neuroendocrine tumor. But type of the cells undistinguished by histopathology for that reason immunohistochemistry performed for to evaluated insulin and glucagon secreting cells. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that only small number of insulin secreting but numerous glucagon secreting cells in the tumoral tissue and the tumor diagnosed as glucagonoma. Marked decrease were also noticed in insulin secretin cells in pancreas and together with high serum glucose levels diabetes mellitus (DM) also diagnosed to the cat. Histopathological examination of the skin revealed that decreased skin thickness, alopecia, slight inflammatory reaction and necrosis of the spinous layer.Discussion: Glucagonomas are rare tumors of pancreas even in human, and the incidence of this tumor is very rare in cat. They are usually silent tumors and they generally caused by paraneoplastic phenomena than primary clinical symptoms. The most prominent features of the “glucagonoma syndrome” are NME and DM. In human NME is commonly diagnosed in patient with glucagonoma syndrome. Very rare NME reports available in cats and dogs. The present cat had obvious clinical symptoms and typical skin lesions for NME. This report includes the very characteristic case of NME in a cat due to glucagonoma and DM, closely resembling the glucagonoma syndrome occurred in humans. Possible cause of the liver damage was also related the DM characterized high serum glucose level. We thought that liver lesions were also supported the occurrence of characteristic skin lesions.

Leishmania-FAST15: A rapid, sensitive and low-cost real-time PCR assay for the detection of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis kinetoplast DNA in canine blood samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Dantas-Torres ◽  
Kamila Gaudêncio da Silva Sales ◽  
Lidiane Gomes da Silva ◽  
Domenico Otranto ◽  
Luciana Aguiar Figueredo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Blood Samples

scholarly journals Occurrence of Leishmania infantum Parasitemia in Asymptomatic Blood Donors Living in an Area of Endemicity in Southern France

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1953-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves le Fichoux ◽  
Jean-François Quaranta ◽  
Jean-Pierre Aufeuvre ◽  
Alain Lelievre ◽  
Pierre Marty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Kinetoplast Dna ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniosis ◽  
Culture Positive

Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) due to Leishmania infantum(L. chagasi) is a lethal disease if untreated, but asymptomatic L. infantum infections have been reported previously. A better understanding of parasite transmission, dissemination, and survival in the human host is needed. The purpose of this study was to assess whether L. infantum circulated in peripheral blood of subjects with no history of VL. Sera from 565 blood donors were screened by Western blotting to detectLeishmania-specific antibodies and identify individuals with probable past exposure to Leishmania. Seropositivity was found in 76 donors whose buffy coats were examined by PCR and direct culture. The parasite minicircle kinetoplast DNA was amplified from blood samples of nine donors. Promastigotes were detected by culture in blood samples from nine donors. Only two donors were PCR and culture positive. These results indicate that L. infantumcirculates intermittently and at low density in the blood of healthy seropositive individuals, who thus appear to be asymptomatic carriers. Implications for the safety of blood transfusion are discussed.

scholarly journals OP0172 EFFECT OF WEIGHT LOSS AND LIRAGLUTIDE ON SERUM URATE LEVELS AMONG OBESE KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS PATIENTS: SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 107.1-108
Author(s):  
K. Zobbe ◽  
S. M. Nielsen ◽  
R. Christensen ◽  
A. Overgaard ◽  
H. Gudbergsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diet Intervention ◽  
Lowering Drug ◽  
The Impact

Background:There is a strong association between gout and obesity. Lowering urate is the cornerstone of gout management [1] and urate levels correlate strongly with central obesity. Previous studies suggest that weight loss has a positive effect on serum urate, however, the studies are sparse and small [2].Objectives:To assess the impact of an initial low-calorie diet-induced weight loss and subsequent randomisation to the body weight-lowering drug liraglutide (a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist) or placebo on serum urate levels.Methods:In the LOSE-IT trial (NCT02905864), a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel group, single-centre trial [3], 156 obese individuals with knee osteoarthritis, but without gout, were offered an initial 8-week intensive diet intervention (week -8 to 0) on Cambridge Weight Plan (800-1000 kcal/day) followed by a weight loss maintenance period in which participants were randomised to either liraglutide 3 mg/day or placebo for 52 weeks. We conducted a secondary analysis of blood samples collected at week -8, 0 and 52. The primary outcome measure was change in serum urate. We used paired t-test for the change from week -8 to 0, and for change from week 0 to 52 we used an ANCOVA model adjusted for stratification factors (sex, age category and obesity class), and the level of the outcome at baseline. Data were analysed as observed (i.e. no imputation of missing data).Results:156 individuals were randomised and 155 had blood samples taken at baseline. In the initial intensive diet intervention period (week -8 to 0) they lost a mean of 12.5 kg (95% CI -13.1 to -11.9, n 156). In the following 52 weeks, the liraglutide group lost an additional 4.1 kg (SE 1.2, n 71) whereas the control group was almost unchanged with a weight loss of 0.2 kg (SE 1.2, n 66). Looking at the main outcome of serum urate levels change, the initial intensive diet resulted in a mean decrease of 0.21 mg/dL (95% CI 0.35 to 0.07, n 155) for the entire cohort. In the following year (week 0 to 52) the liraglutide group exhibited a further mean decrease in serum urate of 0.48 mg/dL (SE 0.11, n 69), whereas the placebo group exhibited a slight decrease in mean serum urate of 0.07 mg/dL (SE 0.12, n 65) resulting in a significant between-group difference of -0.40 mg/dL (95% CI -0.69 to -0.12, n 134) – see Figure 1. Four participants in each group experienced serious adverse events; no deaths were observed.Conclusion:This secondary analysis of the LOSE-IT trial suggests that liraglutide provides a potential novel serum urate lowering drug mechanism in obese patient populations, with potential implication for gout treatment.References:[1]Richette P et al. 2016.Ann Rheum Dis2017;76:29–42.[2]Nielsen SM et al.Ann Rheum Dis2017 76(11):1870-1882.[3]Gudbergsen H et al.BMJ2019. 71–2.Disclosure of Interests:Kristian Zobbe: None declared, Sabrina Mai Nielsen: None declared, Robin Christensen: None declared, Anders Overgaard: None declared, henrik gudbergsen Speakers bureau: Pfizer 2016, Marius Henriksen: None declared, Henning Bliddal Grant/research support from: received research grant fra NOVO Nordic, Consultant of: consultant fee fra NOVO Nordic, Lene Dreyer: None declared, Lisa Stamp: None declared, Filip Krag Knop Shareholder of: Minority shareholder in Antag Therapeutics Aps, Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca, Gubra, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Zealand Pharma, Consultant of: Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carmot Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, MSD/Merck, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Zealand Pharma., Speakers bureau: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, MedImmune, MSD/Merck, Mundipharma, Norgine, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Zealand Pharma., Lars Erik Kristensen Consultant of: UCB Pharma (Advisory Board), Sannofi (Advisory Board), Abbvie (Advisory Board), Biogen (Advisory Board), Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Forward Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB Pharma

scholarly journals Case of Human Infestation with Dermanyssus gallinae (Poultry Red Mite) from Swallows (Hirundinidae)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Georgios Sioutas ◽  
Styliani Minoudi ◽  
Katerina Tiligada ◽  
Caterina Chliva ◽  
Alexandros Triantafyllidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis

Dermanyssus gallinae (the poultry red mite, PRM) is an important ectoparasite in the laying hen industry. PRM can also infest humans, causing gamasoidosis, which is manifested as skin lesions characterized by rash and itching. Recently, there has been an increase in the reported number of human infestation cases with D. gallinae, mostly associated with the proliferation of pigeons in cities where they build their nests. The human form of the disease has not been linked to swallows (Hirundinidae) before. In this report, we describe an incident of human gamasoidosis linked to a nest of swallows built on the window ledge of an apartment in the island of Kefalonia, Greece. Mites were identified as D. gallinae using morphological keys and amplifying the Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene by PCR. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis and median-joining network supported the identification of three PRM haplogroups and the haplotype isolated from swallows was identical to three PRM sequences isolated from hens in Portugal. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, while the house was sprayed with deltamethrin. After one week, the mites disappeared and clinical symptoms subsided. The current study is the first report of human gamasoidosis from PRM found in swallows’ nest.

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