scholarly journals Inventory of inshore Polychaetes from the Romanian coast (Black Sea)

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. SURUGIU
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
New Record ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Polychaete Species ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
The Mediterranean

A survey conducted in inshore waters along the Romanian coast of the Black Sea from 1994 to 2000, yielded 24 polychaete species belonging to 10 families as follows: Polynoidae (2), Phyllodocidae (2), Syllidae (3), Nereididae (5), Spionidae (5), Capitellidae (3), Nerillidae (1), Sabellidae (1), Serpulidae (1), and Spirorbidae (1). Polydora websteri (Hartman, 1943) is a new record for the Mediterranean and Black Sea region. P. cornuta (Bose, 1802) is first recorded in the Black Sea. Additionally, two other species, namely Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767) and Typosyllis hyalina (Grube, 1863), are new to the Romanian fauna. The systematic position of some species is discussed. The information on geographical distribution within the Mediterranean region of species found is also provided.

Empire of the Black Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane W. Roller
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Almost All

Existing from the early third century BC to 63 BC, the Mithridatic kingdom of Pontos was one of the most powerful entities in the Mediterranean world. Under a series of vigorous kings and queens, it expanded from a fortress in the mountainous territory of northern Asia Minor to rule almost all the Black Sea perimeter. This is the first study in English of this kingdom in its entirety, from its origins under King Mithridates I around 280 BC until its last and greatest king, the erudite and cultured Mithridates VI the Great, fell victim to the expanding ambitions of the Roman Republic in 63 BC. Through a series of astute marriage alliances (one of which produced the ancestors of Cleopatra of Egypt), political acumen, and military ability, the Pontic rulers (most of whom were named Mithridates) dominated the culture and politics of the Black Sea region for over two hundred years. This book is a thorough exploration of the internal dynamics of the kingdom as well as its relations with the rest of the Mediterranean world, especially the ever-expanding Roman Republic.

The Export of Slaves from Colchis

1989 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Braund ◽  
G. R Tsetskhladze
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
The Mediterranean

Polybius in a familiar passage, lists goods moving past Byzantium between the Mediterranean. world and the Black Sea region; among these goods, slaves are accorded a prominent place:…as regards necessities it is an unidsputed fact that the most plentiful supplies and best qualities of of cattle and slaves reach us from the countries lying round the Pontus, while among luxuries the same countries furnish us with an abundance of honey, wax and preserved fish; from the surplus of our countries they take olive-oil and every kind of wine. As for grain, there is give and-take – with them sometimes supplying us when we require it and sometimes importing it from us

North Atlantic control on precipitation pattern in the eastern Mediterranean/Black Sea region during the last glacial

2009 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kwiecien ◽  
Helge W. Arz ◽  
Frank Lamy ◽  
Birgit Plessen ◽  
André Bahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Sediment Source ◽  
Glacial Period ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractBased on proxy records from western Black Sea cores, we provide a comprehensive study of climate change during the last glacial maximum and late-glacial period in the Black Sea region. For the first time we present a record of relative changes in precipitation for NW Anatolia based on variations in the terrigenous supply expressed as detrital carbonate concentration. The good correspondence between reconstructed rainfall intensity in NW Anatolia and past western Mediterranean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) implies that during the glacial period the precipitation variability was controlled, like today, by Mediterranean cyclonic disturbances. Periods of reduced precipitation correlate well with low SSTs in the Mediterranean related to Heinrich events H1 and H2. Stable oxygen isotopes and lithological and mineralogical data point to a significant modification in the dominant freshwater/sediment source concomitant to the meltwater inflow after 16.4 cal ka BP. This change implies intensification of the northern sediment source and with other records from the Mediterranean region, consistently suggests a reorganization of the atmospheric circulation pattern affecting the hydrology of the European continent. The early deglacial northward retreat of both atmospheric and oceanic polar fronts was responsible for the warming in the Mediterranean region, leading simultaneously to more humid conditions in central and northern Europe.

Climate feedbacks in the Black Sea region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna Matov ◽  
Elisaveta Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Siberian High ◽  
Mediterranean Cyclones ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

<p>The Black Sea is a large deep water basin on the border between European and Asian continents lying in the continental mid-latitude climate zone. Due to the prevailing westerlies during the year its climatic influence is better pronounced in the eastern border areas, however the sea is an important climatic factor for all borderline countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia and Turkey). The open plane in north direction enables the propagation of the Siberian High influence in winter. From the other side, the Mediterranean Sea influence is significant through the Mediterranean cyclones passing frequently the area.</p><p>The impact of the Black Sea on the surrounding area is analyzed combining data from several different sources: atmospheric data from climate reanalysis and regular synoptic measurements in coastal meteorological stations, marine observations from in situ autonomous profilers and satellite data on ice coverage in winter time. The aim is to investigate the interannual-to-decadal variability of the thermal regime and the exchange of heat between atmosphere and sea. In addition, the relation to the intensity of the main climate centers of action (Siberian High and Mediterranean Low) is analyzed. The winter severity is defined in the different zones around the sea through the number of cold days and the connection with the sea temperature is studied.</p>

scholarly journals Winter-spring cyclonic variability in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region associated with global processes in the ocean-atmosphere system

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Voskresenskaya ◽  
V. N. Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Using global NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set on 1000 hPa geopotential height (1948–2006), cyclones in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions were detected and their main characteristics (frequency, depth, integrated area) were calculated. Analysis of their interannual-multidecadal variability in January-March associated with global processes in the ocean-atmosphere system was done. It was shown that North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) manifests in the Black Sea region mainly in the variability of frequency of cyclones while in the Mediterranean – in the interannual anomalies of cyclones' depth and area. Joint NAO and El Nino – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence is responsible for about 20–45% of cyclones' frequency variance in the Black Sea region, and in the Mediterranean region for up to 10–25 and 20–30% of the depth and area variance, accordingly. As a result of using a new approach to study ENSO manifestations based on El Nino classification, correlation coefficients between characteristics of cyclones and Southern Oscillation index (SOI) increase at least twice. The influence of the Pacific Decadal and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations on variability of cyclonic activity in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region manifests in considerable differences of cyclones' characteristics and their typical location.

Obsidian Exchange Networks in Prehistoric Anatolia: New Data from the Black Sea Region

Paléorient ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Bleda S. Düring ◽  
Bernard Gratuze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Black Sea Region

The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Important State ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

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