scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis for biological control of Ralstonia wilt of tomato

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Yendyo ◽  
Ramesh G.C. ◽  
Binayak Raj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Combined Application

Background:Ralstoniaspp. is a major pathogenic microbe for tomato, which invades the roots of diverse plant hosts and colonizes xylem vessels causing wilt, especially in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions.Ralstoniaspp.produces several virulence factors helping it to invade the plant’s natural defense mechanism. Native isolates ofTrichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescensandBacillus subtiliscan be used as biocontrol agents to control the bacterial wilt and combined application of these beneficial microbes can give better results.Methods:Bacterial wilt infection in the field was identified by field experts and the infected plant part was used to isolateRalstoniaspp.in CPG media and was positively identified. Subsequently, the efficacy of the biocontrol agents was tested and documented using agar well diffusion technique and digital microscopy. 2ml of the microbial concentrate (109cells/ml) was mixed in one liter of water and was applied in the plant root at the rate of 100 ml per plant as a treatment method.Results:It was observed that the isolatedTrichodermaspp. AA2 andPseudomonas fluorescensPFS were most potent in inhibiting the growth ofRalstoniaspp.,showing ZOI 20.67 mm and 22.33 mm, respectively. Digital microscopy showed distinct inhibitory effect on the growth and survival ofRalstoniaspp.The results from the field data indicated thatTrichodermaspp. andPseudomonas fluorescensalone were able to prevent 92% and 96% of the infection and combination of both were more effective, preventing 97% of infection. Chemical control methods prevented 94% of infection.Bacillus subtiliscould only prevent 84 % of the infection.  Conclusions:Antagonistic effect againstRalstonia spp.shown by native isolates ofTrichodermaspp. andP. fluorescensmanifested the promising potential as biocontrol agents. Combined application gave better results. Results shown byBacillus subtiliswere not significant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis for biological control of Ralstonia wilt of tomato

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Yendyo ◽  
Ramesh G.C. ◽  
Binayak Raj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Combined Application

Background:Ralstoniaspp. is a major pathogenic microbe for tomato, which invades the roots of diverse plant hosts and colonizes xylem vessels causing wilt, especially in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions.Ralstoniaspp.produces several virulence factors helping it to invade the plant’s natural defense mechanism. Native isolates ofTrichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescensandBacillus subtiliscan be used as biocontrol agents to control the bacterial wilt and combined application of these beneficial microbes can give better results.Methods:Bacterial wilt infection in the field was identified by field experts and the infected plant part was used to isolateRalstoniaspp.in CPG media and was positively identified. Subsequently, the efficacy of the biocontrol agents was tested and documented using agar well diffusion technique and digital microscopy. 2ml of the microbial concentrate (109cells/ml) was mixed in one liter of water and was applied in the plant root at the rate of 100 ml per plant as a treatment method.Results:It was observed that the isolatedTrichodermaspp. AA2 andPseudomonas fluorescensPFS were most potent in inhibiting the growth ofRalstoniaspp.,showing ZOI 20.67 mm and 22.33 mm, respectively. Digital microscopy showed distinct inhibitory effect on the growth and survival ofRalstoniaspp.The results from the field data indicated thatTrichodermaspp. andPseudomonas fluorescensalone were able to prevent 92% and 96% of the infection and combination of both were more effective, preventing 97% of infection. Chemical control methods prevented 94% of infection.Bacillus subtiliscould only prevent 84 % of the infection.  Conclusions:Antagonistic effect againstRalstonia spp.shown by native isolates ofTrichodermaspp. andP. fluorescensmanifested the promising potential as biocontrol agents. Combined application gave better results. Results shown byBacillus subtiliswere not significant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescence and Bacillus subtilis for biological control of Ralstonia wilt of tomato

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Yendyo ◽  
Ramesh G.C. ◽  
Binayak Raj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Digital Microscopy ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Background:Ralstonia solanacearumis the major bacterial disease in tomato, which invades the roots of diverse plant hosts and colonizes xylem vessels causing wilt, especially in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate regions.R. solanacearumproduces several toxins helping it to invade the plant’s natural defense mechanism. Native isolates ofTrichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescenceandBacillus subtiliscan be used as biocontrol agents to control the bacterial wilt and combined application of these beneficial microbes can give better results.Methods:Bacterial wilt infection in the field was identified by field experts and the infected plant part was used to isolateRalstonia solanacearumin CPG media and was positively identified. Subsequently, the efficacy of the biocontrol agents was tested and documented using agar well diffusion technique and digital microscopy. 2ml of the microbial concentrate (109cfu/ml) was mixed in one liter of water and was applied in the plant root at the rate of 100 ml per plant as a treatment method.Results:It was observed that the isolatedTrichodermaspp. AA2 andPseudomonas fluorescencePFS were most potent in inhibiting the growth ofR. solanacearum,showing ZOI 20.67 mm and 22.33 mm, respectively. Digital microscopy showed distinct inhibitory effect on the growth and survival ofR. solanacearum.The results from the field data indicated thatTrichodermaspp. andPseudomonas fluorescencealone were able to prevent 92% and 96% of the infection and combination of both were more effective, preventing 97% of infection. Chemical control methods prevented 94% of infection.Conclusions:Results showed the bio-efficacy of the native isolates. The various level of antagonistic effect againstR. solanacearumshown by all 13 isolates, including the results shown by native isolates in the field, manifested the promising potential of the biocontrol agents, likeTrichodermaandPseudomonasagainst controlling the bacterial wilt infection.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens dalam pengendalian hayati Ralstonia solanacearum penyebab penyakit layu bakteri pada tomat

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/2305 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽  
Dian Eka Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Type Test ◽  
Important Disease

Salah satu penyakit penting pada produksi tomat di Indonesia adalah layu bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum. Alternatif untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri adalah dengan menggunakan Bacillus subtilis dan Pseudomonas fluorescens. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens dalam mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan R. solanacearum serta mekanisme penghambatannya. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 tahap, yaitu perbanyakan inokulum R. solanacearum, uji virulensi dan uji hipersensitif  R. solanacearum, uji antagonis B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens terhadap R. solanacearum pada media agar, uji jenis antibiosis, penelitian di rumah kaca, dan analisis total fenol. Hasil penelitian uji antagonis menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens memiliki potensi menghambat R. solanacearum dengan tipe antibiosis bakteriostatik. Hasil analisis kadar fenol menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan total fenol secara signifikan pada tanaman tomat yang diaplikasikan isolat B. subtilis UB-ABS6, P. fluorescens UB-PF5 dan P. fluorescens UB-PF6. Penelitian di rumah kaca menunjukkan bahwa semua tanaman tomat yang diaplikasikan agens hayati mengalami penundaan masa inkubasi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Isolat B. subtilis UB-ABS2, B. subtilis UB-ABS6, P. fluorescens UB-PF5 dan P. fluorescens UB-PF6 secara signifikan menekan kejadian penyakit layu bakteri berturut-turut 50%, 30%, 60%, dan 60%. B. subtilis dan P. fluorescens dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengendalikan layu bakteri pada tomat yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum. One of important disease that infects tomato production in Indonesia is bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Alternative on controlling bacterial wilt is using Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Goal of the research was to find out ability of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens to control R. Solanacearum and mechanism of the inhibition. This research divided into 5 stages, i.e. propagation of R. solanacearum, virulence and hypersensitive tests of R. Solanacearum, antagonist test of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens against R. solanacearum on agar medium, antibiosis type test, research in greenhouse, and total phenol analysis. The result showed that all isolates of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens have potential to inhibite R. solanacearum by bacteriostatic antibiosis type. The total phenol level showed significant increase of phenol on tomato along with the application of isolates B. subtilis UB-ABS6, P. fluorescens UB-PF5 and P. fluorescens UB-PF6. Research in the greenhouse showed that all tomatoes, which had been given bioagent, did delay on the incubation than the control. Isolates of B. subtilis UB-ABS2, B. subtilis UB-ABS6, P. fluorescens UB-PF5, and P. fluorescens UB-PF6 had significantly inhibited the bacterial wilt disease 50%, 30%, 60%, and 60%, respectively. Therefore, B. subtilis and P. fluorescens can be used to control bacterial wilt diseases on tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum.

scholarly journals Alternativas para el control de antracnosis (Colletotrichum spp) en maracuyá (Passiflora edulis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-17
Author(s):  
Fredy Alonso Niño Jiménez ◽  
Ángela Maria Mogollón Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

La antracnosis en el maracuyá (Passiflora edulis) es uno de los problemas más limitantes en las zonas tropicales de Colombia causante de considerables pérdidas económicas. Este experimento fue realizado bajo condiciones de campo en un cultivo que estaba afectado por Colletotrichum spp (antracnosis) en un 50%. Con los resultados se demostró que existen alternativas diferentes al manejo químico convencional que reducen la dependencia de agroquímicos, con menor impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente. Los ocho tratamientos evaluados para el control de antracnosis incluyeron productos biológicos y preparados con minerales, y fueron los siguientes: T1, Trichoderma spp (TR); T2, fosfito de potasio (FP); T3, caldo sulfocalcico (CS); T4, bacterias promotoras de crecimiento Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, licheniformes, Azobacter chroococcum y Pseudomonas fluorescens (BPC); T5, caldo bordelés (CB); T6, mezcla de: BPC, TR, CS y FP; T7, control químico con un producto que contiene N-(triclorometiltio) ciclohex-4-eno-1,2-dicarboximida (CQ) y T8, testigo absoluto (TA), los cuales fueron aplicados cada 15 días, una vez iniciada la floración. Se midió el porcentaje de incidencia, teniendo en cuenta ramas, hojas y botones que manifestaron la sintomatología la enfermedad. Se estableció un diseño experimental completamente al azar con tres repeticiones para cada periodo de floración, para lo cual se seleccionaron tres ramas; se aplicó un análisis de varianza y posteriormente prueba Tukey. Durante el tiempo de evaluación se presentaron dos periodos de floración en el cultivo de maracuyá, se destacó un mayor un control de la enfermedad con CB y FP con 55.1 y 56.2% de incidencia respectivamente, valores significativamente diferentes (P<0.05) a los demás tratamientos; en tercer lugar, se destacó TR con 61.8%, es de anotar que estos tres tratamientos lograron un mejor efecto que el control químico (67.6%). En general, el porcentaje de incidencia de antracnosis fue reducido con la aplicación de los tratamientos que incluyeron inductores de resistencia como fosfito de potasio, caldo Bordelés y Trichoderma spp, cuyo comportamiento fue similar o incluso mejor que el control químico. Por su bajo costo el caldo Bordelés constituye la mejor alternativa efectiva para disminuir la incidencia de este patógeno causante de pérdidas económicas en los cultivos de maracuyá.

scholarly journals Combinatorial efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens to enhance suppression of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea.L

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rajeswari ◽  
R Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes

Fusarium oxysporum, the soil borne pathogen causes vascular wilt, on majority of crop plants. It has been demonstrated that two different species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress disease by different mechanisms. Therefore, application of a mixture of these biocontrol agents, and thus of several suppressive mechanisms, may represent a viable control strategy. A necessity for biocontrol by combinations of biocontrol agents can be the compatibility of the co-inoculated micro-organisms. Hence, compatibility between Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens that have the ability to suppress Fusarium oxysporum in vitro on the activity of pectinolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. The activity of pectinolytic enzymes, i.e. pectin methyl esterase, endo and exo polymethylgalacturonases and exo and endo pectin trans eliminases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of pectin methylesterase, exo and endo polymethylgalacturonase and exo and endopectin trans eliminase was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, pathogenecity suppression of Fusarium oxysporum, a causative of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was significantly better as compared to the single bio-agent. This indicates that specific interactions between biocontrol agents influence suppression of pathogenicity factors directly by combinations of these compatible bio-agents.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 36-42, December, 2017

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Stemphylium vesicarium and Pleospora allii on Pear by Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma spp.: Preventative and Curative Effects on Inoculum Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Concepció Moragrega ◽  
Alba Carmona ◽  
Isidre Llorente
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Stemphylium Vesicarium ◽  
Inoculum Production ◽  
Preventative Strategy ◽  
Pleospora Allii ◽  
Pathogen Colonization ◽  
Different Strains

Trials under controlled and field conditions were conducted to establish the effect of strategies of application of biological control agents (BCAs) in the reduction of Stemphylium vesicarium and Pleospora allii inoculum production on pear leaf debris. Six BCAs based on different strains of Trichoderma spp. (Tr1, Tr2) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs1, Bs2, Bs3 and Bs4) were evaluated. Two strategies were tested in controlled experiments: application before (preventative strategy) or after (curative strategy) pear leaf debris colonization by S. vesicarium, evaluating the growth inhibition and sporulation of S. vesicarium and the pseudothecia production of P. allii. When the BCAs were applied preventatively, the efficacy of treatments based on B. subtilis was higher than those based on Trichoderma spp. in controlling the pathogen colonization, but that of controlling the inoculum production of S. vesicarium and P. allii was similar. However, when the BCAs were applied curatively, Trichoderma based products were more effective. In field trials, Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and B. subtlilis Bs1 produced a consistent 45–50% decrease in the number of S. vesicarium conidia trapped compared to the non-treated control. We conclude that Bacillus subtilis Bs1 and Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and Tr2 can be expected to reduce fungal inoculum during the pear vegetative period by at least 45–50%. Additionally, Trichoderma spp. Tr1 and Tr2 have the potential to reduce the fungal overwintering inoculum by 80% to 90%.

scholarly journals In-vitro compatibility assay of indigenous Trichoderma and Pseudomonas species and their antagonistic activities against black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Dugassa ◽  
Tesfaye Alemu ◽  
Yitbarek Woldehawariat
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Background Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation is highly challenged by faba bean black root rot disease (Fusarium solani) in high lands of Ethiopia. To ensure sustainable production of faba beans, searching for eco-friendly disease management options is necessary to curb the progress of the disease timely. The indigenous biocontrol agents that suit local environments may effectively strive with in-situ microorganisms and suppress local pathogen strains. This study aimed to screen antagonistic indigenous compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium solani. In the pathogenicity test, soil-filled pots were arranged in complete random block design and sown with health faba bean seeds. The effect of some fungicides was evaluated against Fusarium by food poisoning methods to compare with the biocontrol agents. The antagonistic efficacy of biocontrol agents and their compatibility was investigated on Potato dextrose agar medium. Results Fusarium solani AAUF51 strain caused an intense root rotting in faba bean plant. The effect of Mancozeb 80% WP at 300 ppm was comparable with Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains against Fusarium. The mycelial growth of test the pathogen was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced to 86.67 and 85.19% by Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1 and Trichoderma viridae AAUC22 strains in dual culture, respectively. The volatile metabolites of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 (77.78%) found the most efficient in reducing mycelial growth of Fusarium followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 (71.11%) strains. The cell-free culture filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31 were more efficient than the Trichoderma strain in reducing the growth of Fusarium isolates. There was no zone of inhibition recorded between Trichoderma harzianum AAUW1, Trichoderma viridae AAUC22, Pseudomonas aeruginosa AAUS31, and Pseudomonas fluorescens AAUPF62 strains, hence they were mutually compatible. Conclusions The compatible Trichoderma and Pseudomonas strains showed antagonistic potentiality that could be explored for faba bean protection against black root rot disease and might have a future dual application as biocontrol agents.

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