scholarly journals Evaluation of cropping method for perennial ratoon rice: Adaptation of SALIBU to triple-cropping in Vietnam

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Huu Chiem Nguyen ◽  
Van Thao Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Generally, the yield of ratoon rice is at most 50% of the main crop. However, a cropping method “SALIBU” achieved more yield than the main crop and enables the perennial cropping. Although the SALIBU method is implementing 10 additional management practices to conventional method in Indonesia, the effect of each management practice is unclear. Methodology: We evaluated the effect size using an L 16 orthogonal array design pot experiment in triple-cropping rice in Vietnam. The robustness was checked by duplicating the experiment under standard and poor conditions. Results: Positive large effects were shown in the poor conditions only.  Cutting twice most affected the number of ratoon tillers. Importantly, the effect was positive under poor conditions but negative under standard conditions. Late irrigation had a robust negative effect. Discussion: No treatment is effective in the triple-cropping of standard conditions. The SALIBU includes practices with unstable, negative, or minimal effects. The unstable effects show the interaction with the condition. The practices that have negative effects should exclude. Using practice on small effect size should depend on a cost-benefit analysis. Conclusions: No additional practice is effective for changing the triple-cropping to perennial ratoon cropping except harvesting near the ground. However, further work will be conducted to clarify the interaction between cutting twice and the cultivation condition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cropping method for perennial ratoon rice: Adaptation of SALIBU to triple-cropping in Vietnam

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Huu Chiem Nguyen ◽  
Van Thao Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Generally, the yield of ratoon rice is at most 50% of the main crop. However, a cropping method “SALIBU” achieved more yield than the main crop and enables the perennial cropping. Although the SALIBU method is implementing 10 additional management practices to conventional method in Indonesia, the effect of each management practice is unclear. Methodology: We evaluated the effect size using an L 16 orthogonal array design pot experiment in triple-cropping rice in Vietnam. The robustness was checked by duplicating the experiment under standard and poor conditions. Results and Discussion: Positive large effects were shown in the poor conditions only.  Cutting twice most affected the number of ratoon tillers. Importantly, the effect was positive under poor conditions but negative under standard conditions. Late irrigation had a robust negative effect. No treatment is effective in the triple-cropping of standard conditions. The SALIBU includes practices with unstable, negative, or minimal effects. The unstable effects show the interaction with the condition. The practices that have negative effects should exclude. Using practice on small effect size should depend on a cost-benefit analysis. Conclusions: No additional practice is effective for changing the triple-cropping to perennial ratoon cropping except harvesting near the ground. However, further work will be conducted to clarify the interaction between cutting twice and the cultivation condition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cropping method for perennial ratoon rice (SALIBU)

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Huu Chiem Nguyen ◽  
Van Thao Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Generally, the yield of ratoon rice is at most 50% of the main crop. However, a cropping method “SALIBU” achieved more yield than the main crop and could be used for the cultivation of perennial cropping. Although the SALIBU method is implementing 10 additional management practices to conventional method, the effect of each management practice is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect size and the robustness of each management practice. Methodology: We evaluated the effect size using an L16 orthogonal array design pot experiment. For the robustness, we duplicated the experiment under both standard and checked whether the practice shows the same effect size. The bad conditions were low plant density, no fertilization, continuous flooding water management, and late harvesting. Results: The ratoon rice yield was proportional to the number of ratoon tillers used as in conventionally produced ratoon rice. Late cutting was most affected to the number of ratoon tillers. Importantly, this effect was reversed; the effect was positive under bad conditions, but was negative under standard conditions. Furthermore, late irrigation, a recommended management practice, had a robust negative effect on ratoon tillers and yield under both the conditions. Positive large effects were shown in the bad condition only. Discussion: Our results show that the SALIBU cropping method includes practices with unstable, negative, or minimal effects. The practices have unstable effects should be clarifying the interaction with the condition. The practices that have negative effects should exclude. Using practice on small effect size should depend on a cost-benefit analysis. Conclusions: SALIBU will be acceptable to the Mekong Delta triple cropping rice cultivation without the additional practice of original SALIBU cropping method. However, further work is needed to clarify the interaction between late cutting and the cultivation condition, and on the negative effect of late irrigation.

scholarly journals Farm practices as they affect NH3 emissions from beef cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sheppard ◽  
S. Bittman
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
The West ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data

Sheppard, S. C. and Bittman, S. 2012. Farm practices as they affect NH 3 emissions from beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 525–543. Beef cattle farms in Canada are very diverse, both in size and management. Because the total biomass of beef cattle in Canada is larger than any other livestock sector, beef also has the potential for the largest environmental impact. In this study we estimate NH3 emissions associated with beef cattle production across Canada using data on farm practices obtained from a detailed survey answered by 1380 beef farmers in 11 Ecoregions. The farms were various combinations of cow/calf, backgrounding and finishing operations. The proportion of animals on pasture varied markedly among Ecoregions, especially for cows and calves, and this markedly affected the estimated NH3 emissions. The crop components of feed also varied among Ecoregions, but the resulting crude protein concentrations were quite consistent for both backgrounding and finishing cattle. Manure was stored longer in the west than in the east, and fall spreading of manure was notably more common in the west, especially when spread on tilled land. The estimated NH3 emissions per animal were relatively consistent across Ecoregions for confinement production, but because the proportion of animals on pasture varied with Ecoregion, so did the overall estimated NH3 emissions per animal. Temperature is a key factor causing Ecoregion differences, although husbandry and manure management practices are also important. Hypothetical best management practices had little ability to reduce overall emission estimates, and could not be implemented without detailed cost/benefit analysis.

scholarly journals IFRS ADOPTION AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT PRACTICE: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA COMPANIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Vina Kholisa Dinuka
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Real Earnings Management ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Discretionary Accrual ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ifrs Implementation

The purpose of this study is to verify IFRS contribution by examining the presence of Accrual Earnings Management (AEM) and Real Earnings Management (REM) in the period pre- and post- IFRS implementation in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. AEM is measured by absolute value of discretionary accrual, while REM is proxied by three measurements of REM, they are abnormal cash flow operation, abnormal production and abnormal discretionary expenses. The sample is taken from Indonesia stock exchange in 2009-2011 and 2013-2015. 2012 is Indonesia adoption period and it is excluded from the sample, because it is considerated as transitory year. This study uses regression analysis and Paired t-test to compare the presence of AEM and REM preceding and following IFRS implementation. The findings reveal that IFRS adoption has significantly negative effect towards AEM and REM. It indicates that the following IFRS implementation, AEM and REM are decrease. Therefore, IFRS is able to reduce earnings management practices in manufacturing companies in Indonesia both for AEM and REM.

scholarly journals The Losses in the Rice Harvest Process: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9627
Author(s):  
Xue Qu ◽  
Daizo Kojima ◽  
Laping Wu ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Ando
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Harvesting Techniques ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

We review existing studies on rice harvest loss from the aspects of estimation methods, magnitudes, causes, effects, and interventions. The harvest losses examined occurred from the field reaping to storage processes, including threshing, winnowing, and field transportation. We find that existing studies on rice harvest losses have focused on quantitative losses in Asia and Africa. Lack of knowledge, inadequate harvesting techniques, poor infrastructure, and inefficient harvest management practices are considered critical contributors to the losses. The magnitudes and causes of rice harvest losses are now better understood than interventions, which have simply been presented but lack an assessment of the effects and a cost–benefit analysis. Interestingly, reduction in harvest losses may threaten some farmers’ profits, such as rural women who make their living from post-production manual operations. Considering the current status of the literature, future researchers should examine how to balance social and individual welfare since farmers are key stakeholders in intervention implementation. A good understanding of the existing researches can help clarify future efforts for loss reduction, thereby reducing the burden of increasing agricultural production and promoting sustainable development of resources and the environment.

scholarly journals Beliefs and practices of diabetic patients in Vhembe district of Limpopo Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Shilubane ◽  
Lizzy Netshikweta ◽  
Tshinyadzo Ralineba
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Vhembe District

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition affecting over 18 million people worldwide. It can lead to debilitating complications and premature death if not effectively controlled. South Africa, like any sub-Saharan countries and the world at large, is no exception. The prevalence of diabetes among South African adults has increased by 50% from 2009 to date, and an increase of some 11 million new diabetes diagnoses is expected by the year 2020.Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the beliefs and management practices of patients with DM in Vhembe district, Limpopo province.Setting: The study was conducted at Vhembe district clinics. Methods: A probability, purposive sampling was used to sample 100 diabetic patients. Data were collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages were used to summarise the data from the study.Results: The majority of the respondents had poor management practice of feet care and annual eye examinations. Twenty four (24.0%) of the respondents believed that DM can be cured and 22 (22.0%) did not believe that diet helps in the management of DM.Conclusion: The belief that DM is curable can have a negative effect as patients can quit taking treatment once the disease is under control. This happens irrespective of the national guidelines for the management of DM. Therefore, some strategies should be sought that could enhance the implementation of the guidelines in order to combat the disease.

scholarly journals A cost-benefit analysis of using Rooikrans as biomass feedstock for electricity generation: A case study of the De Hoop nature reserve, South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shepherd Mudavanhu ◽  
James Blignaut ◽  
Nonophile Nkambule ◽  
Tshepo Morokong ◽  
Thulile Vundla
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Case Scenario

Invasive alien plants (IAPs) like Rooikrans (Acacia Cyclops) have several undesirable effects on both the natural environment and the social, economic and cultural wellness of society in the De Hoop nature reserve of the Western Cape Province. A few of these negative effects are: the change in coastal sediment dynamics, the change in seed dispersal dynamics, and the fact that it is overtaking native plants. However, Rooikrans can also potentially be used as biomass feedstock for electricity generation. Following a system dynamics modelling approach, the feasibility of using woody biomass from Rooikrans was investigated. The RE-model used data obtained from the Department of Environmental Affairs’ (DEA) Natural Resource Management (NRM) division, consulted with experts and conducted literature reviews with respect to the subject matter. Three scenarios were tested and the RE-model results showed that all scenarios have a positive cumulative Net Present Values (NPVs), with the exception of the baseline case scenario. This study shows that the production of electricity using Rooikrans woody biomass is a viable and feasible option in comparison with electricity production by diesel generators.

WELFARE-REDUCING GROWTH AND COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS: ESSAY IN MEMORY OF E.J. MISHAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640013 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEW-KWANG NG
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
One Child Policy ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Biased Sex Ratio ◽  
The One

Mishan’s emphasis on the costs of economic growth half a century ago is becoming more important in this era of environmental concerns. More recently, another possible source of immiserizing growth is the one-child policy (recently relaxed) of China. This resulted in a biased sex-ratio and higher competition to earn incomes (to increase the probability of getting a wife), resulting in positive effects on GDP but negative effects on welfare. The implications of welfare-reducing growth for cost-benefit analysis and the legalization of prostitution are also discussed.

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