scholarly journals Clustering of non-leukemia childhood cancer in Colombia: a nationwide study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Manrique-Hernández ◽  
Marcela Pilar Rojas Díaz ◽  
Laura Andrea Rodriguez-Villamizar
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Leukemia In Children ◽  
National Surveillance System

Background: Childhood cancer is considered one the most important causes of death in children and adolescents, despite having a low incidence in this population. Spatial analysis has been previously used for the study of childhood cancer to study the geographical distribution of leukemias. This study aimed to identify the presence of space-time clusters of childhood of cancer excluding leukemia in Colombia between 2014 and 2017. Methods: All incident cancer cases (excluding leukemia) in children under the age of 15 years that had been confirmed by the National Surveillance System of Childhood Cancer between 2014 and 2017 were included. Kulldorf’s circular scan test was used to identify clusters using the municipality of residence as the spatial unit of analysis and the year of diagnosis as the temporal unit of analysis. A sensitivity analysis was conducted with different upper limit parameters for the at-risk population in the clusters. Results: A total of 2006 cases of non-leukemia childhood cancer were analyzed, distributed in 432 out of 1,122 municipalities with a mean annual incidence rate of 44 cases per million children under the age of 15. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors were the most frequent type. Two space-time clusters were identified in the central and southwest regions of the country. In the analysis for CNS tumors, a spatial cluster was identified in the central region of the country.  Conclusions: The distribution of non-leukemia childhood cancer seems to have a clustered distribution in some Colombian regions that may suggest infectious or environmental factors associated with its incidence although heterogeneity in access to diagnosis cannot be discarded.

scholarly journals Clustering of childhood cancer in Colombia: a nationwide study

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Manrique-Hernández ◽  
Marcela Pilar Rojas Díaz ◽  
Laura Andrea Rodriguez-Villamizar
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Spatial Clusters ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Leukemia In Children ◽  
National Surveillance System

Background: Childhood cancer is considered one the most important causes of death in children and adolescents, despite having a low incidence in this population. Spatial analysis has been previously used for the study of childhood cancer to study the geographical distribution of leukemias. This study aimed to identify the presence of space-time clusters of childhood of cancer excluding leukemia in Colombia between 2014 and 2017. Methods: All incident cancer cases (excluding leukemia) in children under the age of 15 years that had been confirmed by the National Surveillance System of Childhood Cancer between 2014 and 2017 were included. Kulldorf’s circular scan test was used to identify clusters using the municipality of residence as the spatial unit of analysis and the year of diagnosis as the temporal unit of analysis. A sensitivity analysis was conducted with different upper limit parameters for the at-risk population. Results: A total of 2006 cases of non-leukemia childhood cancer were analyzed, distributed in 432 municipalities with a mean annual incidence rate of 44 cases per million children under the age of 15. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors were the most frequent type. Four spatial clusters and two space-time clusters were identified in the central and southwest regions of the country. In the analysis for CNS tumors, a spatial cluster was identified in the central region of the country.  Conclusions: The distribution of non-leukemia childhood cancer seems to have a clustered distribution in some Colombian regions that may suggest infectious or environmental factors associated with its incidence.

scholarly journals Cohort profile: the Swedish Prescribed Drugs and Health Cohort (SPREDH)

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Hua Xie ◽  
Giola Santoni ◽  
Fredrik Mattsson ◽  
Eivind Ness-Jensen ◽  
Jesper Lagergren
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Drug Register ◽  
Incident Cancer

PurposeThe Swedish Prescribed Drugs and Health Cohort (SPREDH) is a Swedish population-based cohort based on data from four nationwide health data registers, created with the aim of investigating how the use of selected medications influences cancer risk and other outcomes.ParticipantsThe cohort includes 8 421 115 users of selected common medications who have been followed-up for a total of 82 281 720 person-years from 1 July 2005 to 31 December 2015.Finding to dateThe data in SPREDH were prospectively collected from the following national health data registers in Sweden: Prescribed Drug Register, Patient Register, Cancer Register and Causes of Death Register. Data on basic patient characteristics, use of the selected common medications, healthcare utilisation, diagnoses (including detailed information on cancers), and dates and causes of death are available for all cohort participants. The cohort currently includes 801 766 incident cancer cases.Future plansThe data in SPREDH can be used for various types of epidemiological research, particularly for examining how the use of the selected medications influences disease risk and other outcomes. We are initially planning cohort studies and nested case-control studies on selected medications in relation to the risk and prognosis of oesophageal and gastric cancers.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Study of Mortality Causes in Arabian Horses

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (41) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Abelardo Morales-Briceño
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Perinatal Death ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Mortality Causes

This study aims to describe the causes of death in Arabian horses at Al Wathba, in Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates) during 2018-2019. This study was conducted in a cohort of all Arabian horses that died. Data was collected retrospectively and only those horses with a full necropsy report available were included in the study. The carcass and all internal organs of each horse were examined and representative samples of tissues with abnormalities were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examination. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. A total of 25 Arabian horses were examined post-mortem. Out of them, 35% were females. In general, colic occurred specifically at a higher frequency (80%), cases of collapse and sudden death during exercise and races occurred in 8%, cases of perinatal death in 8% and one case of laminitis (4%). The annual mortality in relation to the estimated population was 1% approximately. In conclusion, we identified and described the causes of death in Arabian horses in Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, UAE during the period 2018-2019. In summary, a pathology of the digestive system specifically acute abdominal crisis (colic) is the main cause of death in Arabian horses, with 80%; other causes of mortality with a low incidence were in order collapse and sudden death during exercise and races, perinatal death and laminitis. These results allow establishing risk prevention measures of mortality in horses for specific activities like handling, feeding, training and races

scholarly journals Spatial Segregation, Multi-scale Diversity, and Public Goods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Bharathi ◽  
Deepak Malghan ◽  
Sumit Mishra ◽  
Andaleeb Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Diversity Development

We develop a general multi-scale diversity framework to account for spatial segregation of ethnic groups in politically %and administratively nested geographic aggregations. Our framework explains why the celebrated ``diversity-debit hypothesis'' in political economy of public goods is sensitive to spatial unit of analysis, and how not accounting for segregation biases empirical diversity-development models. We test our framework using census data from Indian villages ($n \approx 600,000$) and sub-districts containing these villages ($n \approx 6,000$), for twenty-five different public goods.

Late recurrence in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9534-9534
Author(s):  
K. Wasilewski-Masker ◽  
W. Leisenring ◽  
L. R. Meacham ◽  
S. Hammond ◽  
A. T. Meadows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Ewing's Sarcoma ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Late Recurrence ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
First Recurrence

9534 Background: An increasing percentage of childhood cancer patients are surviving their disease, but limited research suggests that late recurrences may impact overall survival. The goal of this study is to estimate late recurrence rates for the most common pediatric cancers and to determine additional risk factors for late recurrence. Methods: CCSS is a retrospective cohort study of five-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed before 21 years of age, between 1970 and 1986 at one of 26 consortium centers. Late recurrence was defined as first recurrence occurring > five years post-diagnosis. Recurrences were determined by self-report questionnaire or by confirmation through medical record, death certificate or pathologic review. Probability of late recurrence was calculated using cumulative incidence. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were obtained using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: In 12,948 survivors with no recurrence = five years from diagnosis, 670 (5.2%) subjects had a first recurrence > five years after their primary diagnosis. Late recurrences ranged from 5 to 28.9 years from diagnosis (median 7.9 years). Cumulative incidence varied by diagnosis ( table ). In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for increased late recurrence included a primary diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma or CNS tumors (HR of 2.3 and 2.7 respectively vs. leukemia survivors), age = 10 years at diagnosis (HR 1.4 vs. age < 10 years), chemotherapy exposure (HR 1.5 vs. none), and radiation exposure (HR 1.4 vs. none) (p < 0.001 for all). At the time of last follow-up, 51.6% of subjects with a late recurrence had died versus 6.4% of those with no history of recurrence. Conclusions: Late recurrences occur in survivors of childhood cancers with a significant risk of mortality. This emphasizes the importance of long-term survivor follow-up into adulthood, particularly for adolescents and patients with Ewing's sarcoma and CNS tumors. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Characteristics and trends of childhood cancer in Pudong, China, 2002–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junqi Ji ◽  
Zheng Luo ◽  
Yichen Chen ◽  
Xiaoyun Xu ◽  
Xiaopan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Cancer Type

Abstract Background With the growing threat of cancer to children’s health, it is necessary to analyze characteristics and trends of childhood cancer to formulate better cancer prevention strategies. Methods Data on the 430 children with cancer during 2002–2015 were collected from the Pudong Cancer Registry, diagnosed with the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology and categorized according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The incidence rate, trends over time, and survival of patients grouped by sex, age, and region were explored using the Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and Joinpoint Regression models. Results The crude childhood cancer incidence and world age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) were 115.1/1,000,000 and 116.3/1,000,000 person-years. The two most frequent cancers were leukemia (136/430, 31.63%, ASR, 37.8/1,000,000 person-years) and central nervous system (CNS) tumors (86/430, 20.00%, ASR, 22.9/1,000,000 person-years). Our findings indicate that the survival rate for children between 10 and 15 years of age was higher than that for 5–10; and the survival rate for children who had leukemia was higher than that of children with CNS tumors. However, the overall incidence of childhood cancer, and leukemia, CNS tumors remained relatively stable in Pudong between 2002 and 2015. Conclusions The incidence and survival rate for childhood cancer patients varied by age and cancer type. The overall trends of childhood cancer incidence remained relatively stable in Pudong from 2002 to 2015 even though socioeconomic development has been unprecedentedly fast in this region.

scholarly journals Space-time clustering of childhood cancer in great Britain: A national study, 1969–1993

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 2840-2846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J.Q. McNally ◽  
Freda E. Alexander ◽  
John F. Bithell
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Space Time ◽  
National Study

Childhood Cancer Survival Trends in Europe: A EUROCARE Working Group Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 3742-3751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Gatta ◽  
Riccardo Capocaccia ◽  
Charles Stiller ◽  
Peter Kaatsch ◽  
Franco Berrino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survival

Purpose EUROCARE collected data from population-based cancer registries in 20 European countries. We used this data to compare childhood cancer survival time trends in Europe. Patients and Methods Survival in 44,129 children diagnosed under the age of 15 years during 1983 to 1994 was analyzed. Sex- and age-adjusted 5-year survival trends for 10 common cancers and for all cancers combined were estimated for five regions (West Germany, the United Kingdom, Eastern Europe, Nordic countries, and West and South Europe) and Europe as a whole. Europe-wide trends for 14 rare cancers were estimated. Results For all cancers combined, 5-year survival increased from 65% for diagnoses in 1983 to 1985 to 75% in 1992 to 1994. Survival improved for all individual cancers except melanoma, osteosarcoma, and thyroid carcinoma; although for retinoblastoma, chondrosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma, improvements were not significant. The most marked improvements (50% to 66%) occurred in Eastern Europe. For common cancers, the greatest improvements were for leukemia and lymphomas, with risk of dying reducing significantly by 5% to 6% per year. Survival for CNS tumors improved significantly from 57% to 65%, with risk reducing by 3% per year. Risk reduced by 4% per year for neuroblastoma and 3% per year for Wilms’ tumor and rhabdomyosarcoma. The survival gap between regions reduced over the period, particularly for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, CNS tumors, and rhabdomyosarcoma. For rare Burkitt’s lymphoma, hepatoblastoma, gonadal germ cell tumors, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, risk reductions were at least 10% per year. Conclusion These gratifying improvements in survival can often be plausibly related to advances in treatment. The prevalence of European adults with a history of childhood cancer will inevitably increase.

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