scholarly journals Quantification and determinants of the amount of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) shed using real time PCR data from a longitudinal household study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Wathuo ◽  
Graham F. Medley ◽  
D.J. Nokes ◽  
Patrick K. Munywoki
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Transmission Information ◽  
Infection Episode

Background: A better understanding of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology requires realistic estimates of RSV shedding patterns, quantities shed, and identification of the related underlying factors. Methods: RSV infection data arise from a cohort study of 47 households with 493 occupants, in coastal Kenya, during the 2009/2010 RSV season. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken every 3 to 4 days and screened for RSV using a real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The amount of virus shed was quantified by calculating the ‘area under the curve’ using the trapezoidal rule applied to rescaled PCR cycle threshold output. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify correlates of amount of virus shed. Results: The median quantity of virus shed per infection episode was 29.4 (95% CI: 15.2, 54.2) log10 ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies. Young age (<1 year), presence of upper respiratory symptoms, intra-household acquisition of infection, an individual’s first infection episode in the RSV season, and having a co-infection of RSV group A and B were associated with increased amount of virus shed. Conclusions: The findings provide insight into which groups of individuals have higher potential for transmission, information which may be useful in designing RSV prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Quantification and determinants of the amount of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) shed using real time PCR data from a longitudinal household study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Wathuo ◽  
Graham F. Medley ◽  
D.J. Nokes ◽  
Patrick K. Munywoki
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Transmission Information ◽  
Infection Episode

Background: A better understanding of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology requires realistic estimates of RSV shedding patterns, quantities shed, and identification of the related underlying factors. Methods: RSV infection data arise from a cohort study of 47 households with 493 occupants, in coastal Kenya, during the 2009/2010 RSV season. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken every 3 to 4 days and screened for RSV using a real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The amount of virus shed was quantified by calculating the ‘area under the curve’ using the trapezoidal rule applied to rescaled PCR cycle threshold output. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify correlates of amount of virus shed. Results: The median quantity of virus shed per infection episode was 29.4 (95% CI: 15.2, 54.2) log10 ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies * days. Young age (<1 year), presence of upper respiratory symptoms, intra-household acquisition of infection, an individual’s first infection episode in the RSV season, and having a co-infection of RSV group A and B were associated with increased amount of virus shed. Conclusions: The findings provide insight into which groups of individuals have higher potential for transmission, information which may be useful in designing RSV prevention strategies.

Detection of Genomic Sequences of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Otitis Media with Effusion in Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (10_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Okamoto ◽  
Kazuo Kudo ◽  
Koji Shirotori ◽  
Misao Nakazawa ◽  
Eiko Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Sequences

The reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction and the nested polymerase chain reaction were used for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) sequences in middle ear effusions collected from children with otitis media. Sequences of RSV were detected in 21 of 34 samples tested. These samples were collected during and/or after natural outbreaks of RSV infection in the community. In those patients from whose nasopharynges RSV was isolated, the viral sequences were highly detectable (75%) in the effusions. These observations suggest RSV as an important factor in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.

scholarly journals Clinical impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection on children hospitalized for pertussis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruimu Zhang ◽  
Jikui Deng
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Chest Auscultation ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background: Although Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the common pathogens in children with pertussis and viral coinfection, the clinical impact of RSV infection on pertussis remains unclear. We compared clinical characteristics and sought differences between infants with single Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) infection and those with RSV coinfection.Methods: We enrolled 80 patients with pertussis who were hospitalized in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. Respiratory tract samples were tested for B. pertussis with real-time polymerase chain reaction and respiratory viruses with immunofluorescence assay. Clinical data were obtained from hospital records and collected using a structured questionnaire.Results: Thirty-seven of 80 patients had B. pertussis infection alone (pertussis group) and 43 had RSV-pertussis coinfection (coinfection group). No significant differences were found with regard to sex, body weight, preterm birth history, pertussis vaccination, symptoms, presence of pneumonia, or lymphocyte count between the 2 groups. Patients with RSV coinfection were older; received more β-lactam antibiotic treatment; had higher rates of wheezes and rales on chest auscultation, a higher rate of readmission, and a longer hospital stay.Conclusions: RSV coinfection increases β-lactam antibiotic use, readmission rate, and hospital stay in children hospitalized for pertussis. RSV infection should be suspected when wheezes or rales are present on auscultation of the chest in these patients. Early detection of RSV may avoid unnecessary antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Development of a Rapid Fluorescent Immunochromatographic Test to Detect Respiratory Syncytial Virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trinh Thuy Tien ◽  
Hyun Park ◽  
Hien Tuong ◽  
Seung-Taek Yu ◽  
Du-Young Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip Test ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Strip Test ◽  
Europium Nanoparticles

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viruses infecting the respiratory tracts of infants. The rapid and sensitive detection of RSV is important to minimize the incidence of infection. In this study, novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; B11A5 and E8A11) against RSV nucleoprotein (NP) were developed and applied to develop a rapid fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test (FICT), employing europium nanoparticles as the fluorescent material. For the FICT, the limits of detection of the antigen and virus were 1.25 µg/mL and 4.23 × 106 TCID50/mL, respectively, corresponding to 4.75 × 106 ± 5.8 ×105 (mean ± SD) RNA copy numbers per reaction mixture for RSV NP. A clinical study revealed a sensitivity of 90% (18/20) and specificity of 98.18% (108/110) for RSV detection when comparing the performance to that of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), representing a 15% improvement in sensitivity over the SD Bioline rapid kit. This newly developed FICT could be a useful tool for the rapid diagnosis of RSV infection.

scholarly journals Progress in the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Europe: 2001-2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Meerhoff ◽  
A Mosnier ◽  
F Schellevis ◽  
W J Paget ◽  
the EISS RSV Task Group
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Surveillance Scheme ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sentinel Surveillance System

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance is important to get insight into the burden of disease and epidemic pattern of RSV infection. This information is useful for healthcare resource allocation as well as the timing of preventive messages and palivizumab prophylaxis. For influenza surveillance the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) was established in 1996, but no surveillance platform is available for RSV. To improve surveillance an RSV Task Group was established in 2003 and recommendations for RSV surveillance were developed. By 2008, progress was made for four out of six recommendations: the number of European countries testing specimens for RSV increased from six to fourteen; nose and/or throat swabs were generally used for detection of influenza and RSV; a total of 25 laboratories performed molecular testing for diagnosis and participated in a quality control assessment for RSV with an overall good performance; four of the ten countries that joined EISS in 2004 started reporting RSV detections in addition to influenza in the period 2004-8. Limited progress was achieved for standardising methods and the development of a sentinel surveillance system of representative hospitals. Improving RSV surveillance is possible by further harmonising the data collection and increased reporting of RSV.

Midturbinate Swabs Are Comparable to Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Quantitative Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 554-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne J Blaschke ◽  
Matt McKevitt ◽  
Krow Ampofo ◽  
Tammi Lewis ◽  
Hao Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs are generally used to detect respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants. However, midturbinate (MT) swabs may provide comparable results. In this study, we enrolled hospitalized infants aged &lt;24 months with RSV and collected NP and MT swabs. The resulting viral loads measured by real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction were similar. Most parents preferred MT swabs over NP swabs.

scholarly journals Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Healthy Adults by a Single Immunization of Ad26.RSV.preF in a Human Challenge Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerald Sadoff ◽  
Els De Paepe ◽  
John DeVincenzo ◽  
Efi Gymnopoulou ◽  
Joris Menten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Post Immunization ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in children and older adults, but has no approved vaccine. This study assessed the potential of Ad26.RSV.preF to protect against RSV infection and disease in an RSV human challenge model. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy adults aged 18–50 years were randomized 1:1 to receive 1x1011 vp Ad26.RSV.preF or placebo intramuscularly. Twenty-eight days post-immunization, volunteers were challenged intranasally with RSV-A (Memphis 37b). Assesments included viral load (VL), RSV infections, clinical symptom score (CSS), safety and immunogenicity. Results Post-challenge, VL, RSV infections and disease severity were lower in Ad26.RSV.preF (n=27) versus placebo (n=26) recipients: median VL-AUC (area under the curve) qRT-PCR: 0.0 versus 236.0 (P=.012; predefined primary endpoint); median VL-AUC quantitative culture: 0.0 versus 109; RSV infections 11 (40.7%) versus 17 (65.4%); median RSV AUC-CSS 35 versus 167, respectively. From baseline to 28 days post-immunization, geometric mean fold-increases in RSV A2 neutralizing antibody titers of 5.8 and 0.9 were observed in Ad26.RSV.preF and placebo, respectively. Ad26.RSV.preF was well tolerated. Conclusions Ad26.RSV.preF demonstrated protection from RSV infection through immunization in a human challenge model, and therefore could potentially protect against natural RSV infection and disease. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03334695

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